专题一 初中英语句子成分及基本句型ppt.ppt

1,Grammar,sentences,2,句子成分PartsoftheSentence,3,概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,4,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（subjectgroup）,谓语部分（predicategroup）,句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,5,Membersofsentence:S-subjectP-predicativeO-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-objectcomplementpredicate,主,宾,表,补,定,状,谓,6,主语（subject）主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。,7,主语（subject）:句子的主体，全句述说的对象，一般位于句首,Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）,8,讲述“谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctorsjob.从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物.在“Therebe”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.,9,在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.,10,Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,形式主语,真正主语,It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree,11,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.,名词化的形容词,12,1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.,V.不能做主语！,13,指出下列句中主语的中心词,Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.介词不能作主语Thereisanoldmancominghere.,Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.,14,Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.,15,找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.,主语小测,16,单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They,17,谓语（predicate）：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。,18,Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.,19,谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。,Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.,20,Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?,简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成,21,Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!,复合谓语：1.情态动词助动词+v2.系动词+adj.,22,Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Dontlaughatothers!Dontcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形,23,找出下列句子的谓语,Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?,24,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!,25,按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）,主谓小测,祈使句,省略主语you,26,1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone,单选：,Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是的,形式主语,真正的主语,tofinish,27,3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good,祈使句，谓语动词用原形,动名词做主语,感官动词+adj.,28,表语（predicative）：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。,29,形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.,30,宾语（object）:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。,31,如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.,32,直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。,33,宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.,34,名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.形容词作宾补Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.,35,在英语中,常见的“宾语宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecantleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?,36,“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.,37,“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.,38,形式宾语形容词WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.,39,动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。,IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,40,Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语：介宾注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she,41,Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾,42,IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.,形式宾语,真正宾语,43,Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?,找出下列句子的宾语,44,5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.,45,定语（attributive）：用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。,46,定语（attributive）定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。,47,形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.代词作定语Whatsyourname?名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.从句作定语ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.,48,在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：WellgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudontknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?介词短语作定语时要后置。如：Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.,49,动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.注动词不定式作主语时，to后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。如果时短语