不定式to用法详解.ppt

动词不定式详解,课件设计：课件制作：总体计划：,一不定式的句子功能,主语,1.TobehereatChristmastimeismydream.,2.Togoabroadishisdream.,3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.,（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）,ItismydreamtobehereatChristmastime.,Itishisdreamtogoabroad.,Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.,Itsoftendifficultformetodecidedwhattodo.,宾语Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?,宾语补足语,Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodo,作宾语补足语不带to的情况:感觉动词、使役动词后面的to常省略，但是被动语态中的to不能省略,Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listento,notice,observe比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.,状语(adverbial),HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.,(目的),(目的),(目的),（结果）,表语,Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.,Herjobistolookafterthepatients.,Mywishistobeascientist.,定语,Givemesomethingtodrink.,Ihavetwobookstoread.,Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.,Heaskedforaroomtolivein.,Idonthaveapentowritewith.,Theiceishardenoughtoskateon.,Heboughtatoytoplaywith.,疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.,Idontknowwhattodo.,Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.,Thequestioniswho(m)toask.,(主语),(宾语),(宾语补足语),(表语),比较（Compare）,Idontknowwhattodo.Idontknowhowtodoit.Idontknowwhattodoaboutit.,Exercises:,1.-Youvedoneverywellthistime.-Itsreallykind_.A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingsoC.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseoneslifethan_.A.ifyouloseyourspiritB.losinghisspiritC.toloseonesspiritD.yourspiritgettinglost,C,C,3.Icantworkinthisway.-Whynot_itinsomeotherway?A.trytodoB.trydoingC.tryingtodoD.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult_adecision,youdbetteradiscussion(讨论)withyourparents.A.reach;haveB.reaching;haveC.reach;havingD.toreach;have,B,D,5.Myfatherhates(痛恨)_.Heneverallowsme_.A.tosmoke;tosmokeB.smoking;smokingC.smoke;smokingD.smoking;tosmoke6.Thegirlwasbeginning_.A.getangryB.togetangryC.gettingangryD.angry,D,B,7.Thereisntanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_.A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.whattochooseD.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_.A.tocarryitB.nottocarryitC.tocarryD.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_.A.touseB.useitC.howtouseitD.uses,B,C,C,找出句子中的不定式，并说出作用：,Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.Ihopetoseehimsoon.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Ihavealottotellyou.Itsnotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.,定语,主语,状语,表语,宾语,主语,宾语补足语,二不定式的两种性质,a)回返性(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻辑上的宾语)Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Letsfindaroomtoputthebikein.Wehaventachairtobeseatedin.Ihavealettertowrite.Ihaveapentowritewith.Ihavenoinktowritein.Ihavenopapertowriteon.,（注意观察和思考）,b)时间性,动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生:tobedoingTheyresaidtobebuildingabridge.Wedidntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.不定式后发生:todosthTheyinvitedustogotherenextweek.动词不定式先于谓语动作发生:tohavedoneHessaidtohavewrittenanewnovel.ImsorrynottohavecomeonWednesday.,三特殊的动词,1).只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词,常见的有：avoid避免，miss错过，putoff,delay,postponepsp-推迟避免错过莫推迟suggest建议,practice练习，finish,complete建议练习早完成keep保持，imagine想像,cantstand,canthelp禁不住保持想象禁不住admit承认,deny否认,mind介意承认否认勿介意escape逃避,risk,excuse原谅逃避冒险可原谅giveup,quit放弃,envy妒忌,fancy,appreciate,enjoy喜欢放弃妒忌皆喜欢如：Icantavoidgoing我不能不去。,a)只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词,b)只能接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有1)manage尽量,prepare准备,fail失败尽量准备免失败2)choose,decide决定,determine决定,arrange安排早做选定好安排3)plan计划,seem看起来,refuse,decline拒绝计划看来又遭拒4),promise承诺,afford承诺无价却能买5)pretend,agree,expect假装同意共期待6)offer提供,demand要求,hope希望要求提供望不再,四注意几个容易混淆的短语,1）havesbdosth使某人做某事havesbdoingsth使某人不断做某事nothavesbdoingsth不允许某人做某事havesthtodosth有事情要做havesthdone2）getsbtodosth使某人做某事getsbdoingsth使某人不停地做某事情getsthdone(vt)Hecouldntgethiscarstartedjustnow.getdoing(vi)Onceshegetstalking,itshardtostopher.,3)cease,start,begin,continue/deserve(值得,应得)todo=cease等+doing4)sb+need/wanttodosthsth+need/wantdoing5)consider(考虑)doing6)consider(认为)sb/sth+todosth7)feellikedoingsthdislikedoingsthwouldliketodosthlikedoing/todosthhatedoing/todosth8)beworthdoing=beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone,9)regrettodosthregretdoingsthstoptodosthstopdoingsthforgettodosthforgetdoingsthremembertodosthrememberdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsthgoontodosthgoondoingsth,五“TO”的省略,(1)两个动词不定式由and、or、but、than、except等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略toIdliketoliedownandgotosleep.Illdoanythingbutworkonafarm.Doyouwanttohavelunchnoworwaittilllater?Itseasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.,(2)口语中，在come、go、run、hurryup等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式Comeandhaveadrink.Wouldyougoandtellthemtoshutup?hadbetter(not)dosth.wouldratherdosth(thandosth)HedratherwatchTVthangotoseeafilm.prefertodosthratherthandosthRatherthanwait,hepreferstogohomeonfoot.Why(not)dosth?,(3)1)情感动词后:like,love,hate,expect,hope,wish,want,prefer,refuse,agree,try,mean等2)接不定式做宾补:ask,tell,permit,allow,advise,warn,persuade等3)情感adj后:glad,happy,delighted,pleased等4).在haveto,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后,但:不定式是tobe.或者tohavedone时,则be或者have要保留A:Areyoutheboss?B:No,andIdontwanttobe(theboss.)Hehasntfinishedhishomeworkyetthoughheissupposedtohave(finishedhishomework.)-Areyouateacher?No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidntcome,butheoughttohave(come).,六动词不定式的复合结构,forsbtodosthItsamistakeforusnottohelpthem.Thecoffeewastoohotformetodrink.Its+adj.+ofsbtodosth(kind,nice,brave,stupid,clever,etc.)Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofme.,七be+adj.+todo(sth),(不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语)Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Shesnicetotalkto.Itsnotabadplacetolivein.,八enough和too,adj.+enough(forsb)todosthHeisntoldenoughtogotoschool.too(forsb)todosthTheappleistoohighforustopick.NOTICE:Imtoogladtoseeyou.Hest