英国文学雪莱ShelleyPPT课件

.,1,PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822),.,2,BriefIntroductionofShelleyMajorWorksofShelleyFeaturesofShelleysPoetryOdetotheWestWind,PercyByssheShelley,.,3,BriefIntroductionofShelley,PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792July8,1822),isoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage.ShelleyrebelledagainstEnglishpoliticsandconservativevalues（保守的价值观），andheisaPlatonist(柏拉图主义者)andidealist(理想主义者)，hisworksreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.,.,4,PercyByssheShelleywasborninanaristocraticfamily.ShelleyattendedSyonHouseAcademy（锡恩豪斯学院）andEton（伊顿大学）.In1810heenteredtheOxfordUniversity.In1811ShelleywasexpelledfromtheOxforduniversityforpublishingTheNecessityOfAtheism（无神论的必然）whichhewrotewithThomasJeffersonHogg.Attheageofnineteen,ShelleyelopedwithHarrietWestbrook.ThepairspentthefollowingtwoyearstravelinginEnglandandIreland,distributingpamphletsandspeakingagainstpoliticalinjustice.,.,5,In1813Shelleypublishedhisfirstimportantpoem,theatheisticQueenMab（麦布女王）.In1814ShelleywasforcedtotravelledtoItalyandSwitzerlandandknewByron.In1816ShelleyspentthesummerwithLordByronatLakeGeneva.ShelleycomposedtheHymnToIntellectualBeauty（智慧的赞美诗）andMontBlanc（勃朗峰）.In1816HarrietdrownedherselfintheSerpentine.ThepoetsmarriagetoHarrietwasafailure.DuringhisfirstmarriagehefellinlovewithMaryGodwin,theauthorofFrankenstein,andelopedwithhertotheEuropeanContinent.TheygotmarriedafewweeksafterHarrietsbodywasfound.,.,6,In1817hesettledonItaly,wherehecreatedalotofworks,TheRevoltofIslam(伊斯兰起义)。In1818hisanthologizedOzymandias（奥斯曼迭斯）wasappeared,includinghispopularpoems,theOdesToheWestWind（西风颂）andToaSkylark（致云雀）andAdonais（阿多尼斯）,AnElegyforKeats(济慈挽歌).In1819,ShelleywenttoRomeandin1820toPisa，hisworksincludedJulian(钦契一家)andPrometheusUnbound(解放的普罗米修斯).,.,7,On8July1822,lessthanamonthbeforehis30thbirthday,ShelleydrownedinasuddenstormwhilesailingbackfromLivornotoLerici.Hisbodywasburnedonthebeach,andhisasheswereplacedintheProtestantcemeteryatRome,nearthegravewhere,afewmonthsbefore,Keatshadbeenlaid.,.,8,Poems:,MajorWorksofShelley,ToASkylark（致云雀，1820）,.,9,Dramas:,PrometheusUnbound（解放的普罗米修斯，1819）four-actlyricaldrama,TheCenci（倩契，1819）versedrama,tragedy,infiveacts五幕悲剧,OedipusTyrannous（暴虐的俄狄浦斯，1820）,.,10,Ozimandias奥西曼迪斯,ThecentralthemeofOzymandiasistheinevitabledeclineofallleaders,andoftheempirestheybuild,howevermightyintheirowntime.,TheYoungerMemnonStatueofRamesses（拉美西斯二世，古埃及第十九王朝法老）intheBritishMuseumthoughttohaveinspiredthepoem.,Theme:,asonnet,frequentlyanthologizedandisprobablyShellysmostfamousshortpoem,.,11,ToASkylark致云雀,Theme:NaturalBeautyFreedomUnnoticedandunappreciatedpoetry,ItwasinspiredbyaneveningwalkinthecountrynearLivorno,Italy,withMaryShelly,anddescribestheappearanceandsongofaskylarktheycomeupon.,.,12,PrometheusUnboundisafour-actlyricaldramafirstpublishedin1820,concernedwiththetormentsoftheGreekmythologicalfigurePrometheusandhissufferingatthehandsofZeus.ItisinspiredbytheclassicalPrometheia,atrilogy（三部曲）ofplaysattributedtoAeschylusinAntiquity.ShelleysplayconcernsPrometheusreleasefrom,captivity（囚禁）butunlikeAeschylusversion,thereisnoreconciliationbetweenPrometheusandZeus.Instead,Jupiter(Zeus)isoverthrown,whichallowsPrometheustobereleased.InthetraditionofRomanticpoetry,Shelleywrotefortheimagination,intendinghisplaysstagetoresideintheimaginationsofhisreaders.However,theplayisfilledwithsuspense,mysteryandotherdramaticeffects.,PrometheusUnbound（解放的普罗米修斯，1820）,.,13,TheTwoDistinctMoodsofShelleysPoetry,Heistheviolentreformer,seekingtheoverthrowofconventionalinstitutionsandtheestablishmentofuniversalhappiness.QueenMab,PrometheusUnbound,Heislikeawanderer,followingavague,beautifulvision,foreversadandforeverunsatisfied,alwayspursuinganideal,hopingforsomethingbetterthatistocome.OdetotheWestWind,ToaSkylark,.,14,Richinmyth,symbolsandclassicalallusions,especiallyindescribingfire,air,water,windandearth;Strongdramaticpowerasshownintherapidityofhislines;Styleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.,FeaturesofShelleysPoetry,.,15,OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumnsbeing哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！Thoufromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，Aredrivenlikeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:OThou呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你Who,chariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed以车驾把有翼的种子催送到,OdetotheWestWind,.,16,Thewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,until像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblow直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起Herclarionoerthedreamingearth,andfill她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，(Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair)(唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中)Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill;将色和香充满了山峰和平原。WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；Destroyerandpreserver;hear,Ohear!破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！,.,17,Thouonwhosestream,midthesteepskyscommotion,没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，Loosecloudslikeearthsdecayingleavesareshed,流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯Shookfromthetangledboughsofheavenandocean,脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。Angelsofrainandlightning!therearespread成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落Onthebluesurfaceofthineairysurge,在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，Likethebrighthairupliftedfromthehead有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，,.,18,OfsomefierceMaenad,evenfromthedimverge从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿Ofthehorizontothezenithsheight,直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳Thelocksoftheapproachingstorm.Thoudirge欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年Ofthedyingyear,towhichthisclosingnight你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜Willbethedomeofavastsepulchre,将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，Vaultedwithallthycongregatedmight里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；Ofvapours,fromwhosesolidatmosphere那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌Blackrain,andfire,andhail,willburst:Ohear!黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！,.,19,BackgroundofthePoem,Thepoemwascomposedin1819whenEuropeanlabormovementandtherevolutionarymovementsurged.Tofightfortheirright,Britishworkingclassbegantostrugglewiththebourgeoisie.AtAugustofthatyear,80,000workersinManchesterheldamassivedemonstration.Ofcourse,thereactionaryauthoritieshaddispatchedtroopstosuppress.Thatwaswell-knownastheBideileiMassacre.ShelleywasinfavorofBritishrevolution,sohewasexpelledfromtheUnitedKingdom.,.,20,ThemeofthePoem,OdetotheWestWindisthemostrepresentativeofShelleysfeelingsandthoughtsatthattime.Itisamixtureofdeathandrebirth.Inthefirstthreestanzas,thedynamicforceofthewestwindismanifestedinitspowerontheland,intheair,andintheseaindifferentseasons.Itisboththedestroyerandpreserver.Itwilldestroytheoldworldandherald（宣告）inanewone.InthefourthstanzaShelleywishesthathewerealeaf,acloud,andawave,sothathecouldfeelthepowerofthewestwind;butheisawareofhisageandhissufferingsinlife,whichhavebenthimdown.Finally,heappealstothewind,thewindofaspirationandchange,toreinvigora