《2017年世界毒品问题报告》PPT演示课件

,WorldDrugReport2017Pre-briefingtotheMemberStates,Vienna,16June2017,Globaltrendsinestimatednumberofdrugusersandpeoplewithdruguserdisorders,2006-2015,Globaltrendsintheestimatedprevalenceofdruguseandprevalenceofpeoplewithdruguseproblems,2006-2015,Druguse,12millionpeopleinjectdrugs,3,HepatitisCaccountsforagreatharm,BurdenofdiseasefromhepatitisCandHIVfrominjectingdruguse,2013,4,Healthrelatedharm,Numberofdeathsand“healthy”yearsoflifelost(DALYs)attributabletodruguse,2015,5,Tuberculosisanddruguse,High-riskfactorsforacquiringandprogressingtoactivetuberculosis(TB)amongpeoplewhousedrugs8%inpeoplewhoinjectdrugsvs0.2%inthegeneralpopulationFrequentco-morbidityindrugusersMorebarrierstoaccesspreventionandtreatmentforTB,6,Aminimumof190,000drugrelateddeaths,Regionalvariationindrug-relateddeaths,2015,Mostlyoverdoses,mostlyopioid-related,Drug-relateddeaths,Sources:UnitedStates,NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,NationalCenteronHealthStatistics,CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionWide-rangingOnlineDataforEpidemiologicResearch;andUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,OfficeforNationalStatistics,“DeathsrelatedtodrugpoisoninginEnglandandWales:2015registrations”,StatisticalBulletin(Newport,9September2016).,7,Heroinandsyntheticopioids,Numberofsamplessubmittedtoandanalysedbylaboratories,bytypeofdrugidentified,UnitedStates,TheopioidmarketisbecomingmorediversifiedMisuseofpharmaceuticaldrugsPrescriptionforgery,diversion,illicitmanufacture,counterfeitmedicinesResearchopioidsonthemarket(NPS),8,Globalpotentialopiumproductionandcocaine(100%pure)manufacture,Totalareaunderopiumpoppyandcocabushcultivation,Cultivationandproductioncoca/cocaine,opium/heroin,Opiatestrafficking:newCaucasusbranch,Mainopiatetraffickingflows,2011-2015,MostopiatestraffickingalongtheBalkanroute,Percentagedistributionofquantitiesofheroinandmorphineseized,bymaintraffickingroutea,11,Cocainetrafficking:expandingeastwards,Maincocainetraffickingflows,2011-2015,12,CocainemarketinexpansioninNorthAmerica,QuantitiesofcocaineseizedinNorthAmericaandannualprevalenceofcocaineuseintheUnitedStatesandCanada,13,Cocainemarket:signsofexpansioninEurope,QuantitiesofcocaineseizedinEuropeandannualprevalenceofcocaineuseintheEuropeanUnion,Benzoylecgonine(cocainemetabolite)foundinwastewaterper1,000inhabitantsinEurope(basedondatafrom80Europeancities),14,Cannabisherbdominatesseizures,Globalquantitiesofcannabisresinandherbseized,15,Cannabisuse:divergingtrends,Annualcannabisprevalence:UnitedStates,EuropeanUnion,Australia,globallevel,Cannabisprevalenceamong15-16year-old,Europe,16,Regulationsofrecreationalcannabisuse,JurisdictionsintheUnitedStatesallowingrecreationaluse,medicaluseofcannabisandwithnoaccesstocannabis,May2017,17,Regulationsofrecreationalcannabisuse,US,Cannabisusepatterns,riskperception,availability,medicalcannabis,Cannabisuseinitiationinthepastyear,Cannabisusedisordersindailyornear-dailyusers,18,Expandingmarket:Amphetamine-typestimulants(ATS),TotalATSseizures:highesteverAmphetamineandmethamphetamineconstituteconsiderableshareofburdenofdisease,ranksecondonlyafteropioidsUsersofamphetaminesincreased,reaching37milliongloballyMethamphetamineseizuresup,EastandSouth-EastAsiaovertakingNorthAmerica“Ecstasy”seizuresstablebutgreatervarietyofproductsonthemarket,ATSseizedworldwide,19,Methamphetamine:interregionaltraffickingflows,ExpandingmarketinEast/South-EastAsia,Oceania,concernsaboutgrowinguseinNorthAmerica,South-WestAsiaandpartsofEurope.Risingtreatmentdemandinsomeregions.,20,Amphetamine:traffickingspreadingbeyondtraditionalregions,AmphetamineseizuresupinMiddleEastandCentralAmericaIntheNearandMiddleEast,soldas“captagon”tabletTraffickingofamphetamineaffectingmoreregionsastransitororiginCentralAmericaemergingasoriginofamphetamine,Amphetamineseizedworldwide,21,Expandingmarket:Newpsychoactivesubstances,Between2009-2016,739differentNPSreportedIn2015alone,almost500NPSwereonthemarketworldwideCoregroupofabout80persistentNPSInnovationcontinuesbutatslowerpaceNPSwithstimulantpropertiesexpandinnumberRecentemergenceofNPSmimickingmedicines(fentanylanalogues,benzodiazepinederivatives)withhighpotentialtocauseharm,No.ofdifferentNPSreportedeachyear,UNODC,earlywarningadvisoryonnewpsychoactivesubstances.,22,NPSuse,OverallsizeofmarketforNPSstillrelativelysmallManyNPSusersunawareofcontentofNPSproductsanddosageofsubstancescontainedInjectinguseofNPSwithstimulanteffectamonghigh-riskgroupsfurtheraggravatinghealthrisks(e.g.HIV)EasyavailabilityandlowpricemakethemhighlyattractiveforsomegroupsIdentificationofNPSinthelaboratorystillachallengeduetotheirhighnumber,ProportionofNPSbyeffect,Source:UNODC,earlywarningadvisoryonnewpsychoactivesubstances.Basedontheanalysisof717NPS.Note:TheanalysisofthepharmacologicaleffectscomprisesNPSregistereduptoDecember2016.Plant-basedsubstanceswereexcludedfromtheanalysisastheyusuallycontainalargenumberofdifferentsubstancessomeofwhichmaynothavebeenknownandwhoseeffectsandinteractionsarenotfullyunderstood.,23,Syntheticcannabinoids:notjustakindofcannabis,SomesyntheticcannabinoidsaremuchmorepotentandtoxicthanTHCIntoxications,includinghospitalisationsandfatalities,reportedManynewsubstancesinmanydifferentcompositionsInadditiontoherbalmaterialalsousedasliquid,blotter,powder,tabletProblematicuseinprisonsandbyvulnerablepopulationgroups(e.g.homeless)Useamongsomeusergroupsdeclining(e.g.US12graders),Source:UNODC,responsestoannualreportquestionnaire,2010-2015.Note:Containsseizuresintheformofherbalmaterial,aswellaspowderandliquids.,Syntheticcannabinoidsseizuresworldwide,24,Syntheticopioids(NPS),MainlysoldasormixedwithheroinorfakeprescriptionmedicinesHighlypotent,difficulttodose,difficulttodetectPoseathreattopublichealthbecauseofthevariablequantityandpotency(upto10,000timesthatofmorphine),Annualnumberofsyntheticopioids(NPS)reportedtoUNODC,2012-2016,Source:UNODCearlywarningadvisoryonnewpsychoactivesubstances.IncludesonlysyntheticopioidsreportedasNPS(i.e.,withnocurrentapprovedmedicaluse).Datafor2016arepreliminary.,25,Booklet4:Conclusionsandpolicyimplications,ThesyntheticdrugsmarkethasneverbeensocomplexandwidelyspreadNPSproliferatingatunprecedentedrate:prioritization,earlywarning,andhealthresponsesarekeyEvolutionofsyntheticdrugsrequiresimprovedforensiccapacityandnewapproachestodatacollection,26,Drugsandorganizedcrime,EuropeanUnion,ChangingbusinessmodelsfordrugtraffickingandorganizedcrimeBranchingouttoseizenewcrimeopportunitiesContinuedimportanceofdrugsStructuraltransformationsTechnologicalchanges,27,Drugsonthedarknet,Numberoftransactionsandtheirmarketshareonthedarknet,Annualdrugusersobtainingdrugsoverthedarknetinthepast12months,28,Drugsandillicitfinancialflows,Measurementconcepts,Drugsaccountforbetweenafifthandathirdoftheincomeoftransnationalorganizedcrime60-70%ofglobaldrugproceedsmaybelaunderedAthirdofdrugproceedsmayresultinillicitfinancialflows,29,Drugsandillicitfinancialflows,Estimateddrugexpenditurebyhouseholdsin21EuropeanUnioncountries,ImpactofdrugproceedsandillicitfinancialflowsmaybesmallinthemajorityofcountriesbutmaybesubstantialforsomedrugproducingdevelopingcountriesDrugproceedsdamageeconomiesinthelongterm,30,Drugsandcorruption,Corruptionfacilitatesillicitdrugmarkets,whichfuelcorruptionCorruptionexistallalongthedrugsupplychainHigh-levelvslow-levelcorruptionCorruptionandviolence,31,Drugsandterrorism,insurgency,EntitiesplacedundertheconsolidatedUNSecurityCouncilSanctionslistInsurgentgroupsandothernon-Statearmedgroups,TheTalibaninvolvementintheillicitdrug(opiates)tradeinAfghanistaniswelldocume