读写译(仓兰菊)Unit 11 Public Security

,PracticalEnglishforMasterStudentsinEngineering:Reading,WritingandTranslation,PublicSecurity,Unit11,Unit7:PartOne-Reading,Pre-readingActivitiesTopicPreviewWatchWars,RiotsandTerroristActsNaturalHazards:FiresgoingfurtherthanwhatisrightornecessaryExamples:draconianlaws/methodsHecriticizedthedraconianmeasurestakenbythepoliceindealingwiththedemonstrators.,(Para.3)andlastyearsfortunatelyfoiled,plannedattacksontransatlanticflightsbyterroristscarryingliquidexplosives.,Meaning:fortunatelylastyearsplannedattackswithliquidexplosivesbyterroristswerepreventedfrombeingsuccessfullycarriedout.,foilv:,Meaning:topreventsomeoneorsomethingformbeingsuccessfulExamples:Theprisonersattemptstoescapewasfoiledatthelastminutewhenpolicereceivedatip-off(asecretwarningorpieceofsecretinformation),(Para.3)worldsecuritywasdominatedbythestandoffbetweentwomajormilitarypowers,NATOandtheWarsawPact.NowthattheColdWarisover,thismenacehasbeenreplacedbyamultiplicityoflesseasilydefinedthreats.,Meaning:ThesecuritywascontrolledbythecoldwarbetweenNATOandWarsawPact,i.e.thetwomilitarypowers.Asthecoldwarisovernow,thethreatwearefacingnowisbecomingdifficulttodefine.,dominatev:,Meaning:tohavecontroloveraplaceoraperson,ortobethemostimportantpersonorthingExamples:Herefusestoletothersspeakanddominateseverymeeting.Theyworkasagroup-nooneisallowedtodominate.,standoffn:,Meaning:asituationinwhichneitheroftwoopposinggroupsorforceswillmakeamoveuntiltheotheronedoessomething,sonothingcanhappenuntiloneofthemgiveswayExamples:TheStateDepartmentwaswarningthatthiscouldleadtoanotherdiplomaticstand-off.Thereisnosignofanendtothestand-offbetweenMohawkIndiansandtheQuebecprovincialpolice,amultiplicityof:,Meaning:alargenumberorwiderange(ofsomething)Examples:Thereisamultiplicityoffashionmagazinestochoosefrom.,Meaning(par.4):1.somethingthatyouthinkismoreimportantthanotherthingsandshouldbedealtwithfirstExamples:ahigh/lowpriorityEducationisatoppriority.Financialsecuritywashighonhislistofpriorities.2.priority(oversomething)themostimportantplaceamongvariousthingsthathavetobedoneoramongagroupofpeopleSynonym:precedenceClubmemberswillbegivenpriority.Thesearchforanewvaccinewilltakepriorityoverallothermedicalresearch.,priorityn.,Meaning(para.5):(slightlyformal)toincludesomeoneorsomethingasanimportantpart.Examples:ThefilmfeaturesJamesDeanasadisaffectedteenager.Thisweeksbroadcastfeaturesareportonvictimsofdomesticviolence.ItsanAustraliancompanywhoselogofeaturesaredkangaroo.,featuren.,Meaning(para.6)thekindofjobsomeonedoesExamples:“Whatlineofworkareyouin?”“Iamateacher.”Youmeetsomeveryinterestingpeopleinmylineofbusiness.,Linen.,Breakdownsatsuchneuralgicpointscanhaveadramaticconsequences,regardlessofwhethertheyarecausedbyhumanerrors,terroristattacksornaturalforces.(Para.6),Meaning:Anyproblemsoccurredatthisimportantpointswillcausegreatconsequences,regardlessofwhethertheyarecausedbyhumanerrors,terroristattacksornaturalforces.,neuralgicpoints:importantpoints,vulnerablepoints,WordBuilding,Suffix“-less”usedtoformadjectivesmeaning“without”whenaddedtonounsandverbs.“-ate”formingadjectivesroughlyequivalenttocorrespondingpastprinciplesending;suffixofverbs.“-ary”adjectivesuffix,relatingto,connectedwith.“-ous”formingadjectives,characterizedby;ofthenatureofbyaddingtonouns,adjectives,andverbs.“-ful”formingadjectivesfromnouns,fullof,characterizedby,having,havingthequalitiesof,havingtheabilityortendencyto.,WordBuildingExercise1:(p.215),station,value,college,illegitinacy,honorary,elementary,priceless,worthless,powerful,dangerous,joyous,considerate,care,careless,success,successful,Translation:(Para.1),1.滴滴滴，金属探测器发现了一些可疑的东西。保安人员把等待飞机的乘客带到一边，准备进行身体检查来搜寻藏匿的武器。“请把你的鞋子脱掉。穿制服的官员说道，接着开始认真地检查乘客的黑色皮鞋。这时，等待通过安检门的乘客的队伍越来越长。每一位乘客都必须脱下外套、清空口袋里的零钱、钱包和钥匙，甚至解掉裤子的皮带。所有这些东西都存放在个塑料托盘里。然后，要求乘客打开行李箱，取出笔记本电脑，拿出装有牙膏、沐浴露、洗发水、乳液等洗漱用品的透明塑料袋以供检查。进行完所有这一切才能进行下一位乘客的检查。,日益重要的公共安全研究,Translation:(Para.2thetapecontainingtheinformationrequiredtoproducethepartcanbestored,reusedormodifiedwhenrequired.少量或中量地生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的,录用生产零件必需资料的磁带可以存放起来,需要时,还可重新使用或修改,句子短小，醒目,3.被动语句（PassiveVoice),Asoilisfounddeepintheground,itspresencecannotbedeterminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrockstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a“drillingrig”isassembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrigiscalled“aderrick”.Itisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whichareloweredintotheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipeispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallingin.Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalues.石油埋藏于地层深处。因此,仅研究地层表面,无法确定有无石油,必须勘测地下的岩石结构。如果确定了某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油,就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架,用以撑起一节一节的钢管,让其下到井孔。一边钻井,一边下钢管,以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油,就紧固管盖,让油从各个阀门喷出。,侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确,TranslationofPassiveVoice,PutitintoActivevoiceinChineseRenderitasNon-lifesubjectsentenceReplaceitwithpassivevoiceinChinese,ActiveVoiceinChinese,1)English.subject:non-lifenounswithout“by”toindicate“whohasdoneit”Metalsarewidelyusedinindustry.金属广泛地应用在工业上。Thespeedofthemoleculesisincreasedwhentheyareheated.当分子受热时,其速度就增加。分子受热,速度就会增加。,2)English:adverbialsindicating“where”,“how”(地点状语、方式状语)orotheradverbials(e.g.from+noun.)AdverbialsubjectinChineseSubjectobjectinChineseEvenwhenthepressurestaysthesame,greatchangesinairdensityarecausedbychangesintemperature.即使压力不变,气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。Theresultoftheinventionofthesteamenginewasthathumanpowerwasreplacedbymechanicalpower蒸汽机发明的结果是,机械力代替了人力。,3)English:Verb+object+objectcomplement(宾语补足语)Verb-add“人们”,“大家”,“众人”,”我们”infrontofthetranslatedversionoftheverb.Electronsareknowntobeminutenegativechargesofelectricity.大家知道,电子是极为微小的负电荷。Rubberisfoundagoodinsulatingmaterial.人们发现胶是一种良好的绝缘材料。Whentwobodiesoscillateatthesamefrequency,theyaresaidtobeinresonance.当两个物体以相同的频率震动时,我们说它们处于共振状态。,Non-lifeSubjectSentenceinChinese,English:subject-object(Chinese)(译为汉语无主句)“把”,“将”,“使”,“给”,“对”,etc.addedtoit.Temperatureischangedquicklyfromroomtemperatureto125andisheldthereforatleast15minutes.使温度很快从室温升到125,并至少保持15分钟。Aftersealingtheheaderiscleanedandthentheleadsareclippedtothedesiredlength.封焊后把管座清洗干净,然后把引线剪到所需长度。Themechanicalenergycanbechangedbackintoelectricalenergybyagenerator.利用发电机,可以将机械能在转变为电能。,PassivevoiceinChinese,English:ifpassiveemphasized-passivevoiceinChinese“被”,“受”(seldomused,toemphasizeonly)“由”,“所”,“叫”,“把”,“得到”,“受到”,“加以”,“予以”,“为所”,“是的”,etc.(commonlyused)Theplanwillbediscussedfirst.此计划将首先加以/得以讨论。Onlyasmallpartofthesunsenergyreachingtheearthisusedbyus.传到地球的太阳能只有一小部分为我们所利用。Newuseshavebeenfoundforoldmetals,andnewalloyshavebeenmadetosatisfynewdemands.老金属有了新用途,新合金被冶炼出来了,以满足新的需要。,“是的”,Manycarenginesarecooledbywater.许多汽车发动机是用水冷却的。ThefirstexplosiveintheworldwasmadeandusedinChina.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。ProducedbyelectronsaretheX-rays,whichallowthedoctortolookinsideapatientsbody.电子产生的是X射线,能让医生透视病人的身体,4.长句（Long，ComplexSentences）,English:nouns+attributivephrases/clausesprepositionalphrases/adverbialclausesaddedtoverbsorthoseatthebeginningofthesentenceoneinanotherseverallayersofmeaningsHypotacticstructure(包孕结构)Chinese:withoneshortsentenceameaning;asequenceofsentencesParatacticstructure(流水结构),顺译法,Manyman-madesubstancesarereplacingcertainnaturalmaterialsbecauseeitherthequantityofthenaturalproductscannotmeetourever-increasingrequirement,ormoreoften,becausethephysicalpropertiesofthesyntheticsubstances,whichisthecommonnameforman-madematerials,havebeenchosen,andevenemphasizedsothatitwouldbeofthegreatestuseinthefieldwhichitistobeapplied.许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用的领域获得最大量的重视。,Nosuchlimitationisplacedonanalternating-currentmachine;heretheonlyrequirementisrelativemotion,andsinceastationaryarmatureandarotatingfieldsystemhavenumerousadvantages,thisarrangementisstandardpracticeforallsynchronousmachinesratedaboveafewkilovolt-amperes.交流机不受这种限制,唯一的要求是相对移动,而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点,这种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标准做法。,逆序法,Variousmachinepartscanbewashedverycleanandwillbeascleanasnewoneswhentheyaretreatedbyultrasonics,nomatterhowdirtyandirregularlyshapedtheymaybe.各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被洗得干干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。Aluminiumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayscombinedwithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen,forwhichithasastrongaffinity.由于铝总是和其他元素-最常见的是氧(因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力-结合在一起,所以在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝,因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。,分译法/拆译,Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论,在科学上看来是可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。Theloadsastructureissubjectedtoaredividedintodeadlo