跨文化交际—中德差异

,3,2,1,Germany,GreetingFormofAddressWaystospeakLaugh,Greeting,China:wavehandsorshakehandsGermany:shakehandsfirmlyandtightly,FormofAddress,Dontcalltheirfirstnamedirectly.Itwouldbebetterifyoucallthemwithfullnameortheirsurname.InGermany,theyoftencalltheirfamilymembersbynamewhichwouldbethoughtasimpoliteinChinafortheythinkfamilymembersshouldbeequal.,Waystospeak,China:implied(confused)Germany:straightforward(aggressive,impatientandrude),Laugh,China:expresshappy,orcovertheiruneasy,embarrassedandangryGermany:expresshappiness,CooperationCulture,DifferencesofEnterpriseCulture,CulturalfoundationPowerdistanceIndividualismandcollectivismTimemanagementCommunicationsystem,Culturalfoundation,Germancompanies:1.basedontheChristianrationalspiritsandthehumanisticthoughts.2.scienceandlegislationaremoreimportant.Chinacompanies:1.basedontheConfucianculture.2.“guanxi”and“morality”aremoreimportant.,Powerdistance,Germancompanies:1.lowerpowerdistance2.ThestandardizedskillsandprofessionsaremoreimportantChinacompanies:1.higherpowerdistance2.apyramid-likestructureofhierarchy,Individualismandcollectivism,Germancompanies:individualismAlthoughtheyrequirecooperativespirit,subjectiveinitiativeandcreativityarestronglyemphasized.Chinacompanies:collectivismWhenpersonalinterestsisconflictingwithcollectiveinterests,peoplealwayschoosetoprotectthecollectiveinterestswithgivingupthepersonalinterests.,Timemanagement,Germancompanies:1.Timeislimited.2.Timemanagingisaprerequisiteforeffectiveactionandanessentialcomponentofprofessionalism.Chinacompanies:itisverynormaltobreakanappointmentandchangeaplancasually.,CommunicationSystem,InChina,whenpeoplecommunicatewithothers,theywillthinkfirstlyhowtokeepaharmoniousrelationship.(haveachatfirst)InGerman,managersthinkthechatbeforethecommunicationisabehaviorofwastingtime,BusinessNegotiation,China,Germany,highcollective,establishsocialtrustfirst,valuepersonalrelations,in-group,out-group,getdownbusinessfirst,respectothers,highindividual,IndividualismVSCollectivism,China,Germany,Efficiency,negotiateasefficientaspossible,negotiateslow,immediatesolution,decisive,knoweachotherfirstbuildlong-termrelationship,complexdecision-makingstyle,negotiateasefficientaspossible,immediatesolution,decisive,Communication,China,Germany,highlystructuredmessagesstressliteralmeanings,comestraighttothepoint,say“no”directly,avoidusing“no”,talkaroundpoint,negotiateinambiguousmessages,linearlogic,sociallogic,systemicandstrongorganizedthinking,havecleargoalarenoteasilycompromise,China,Germany,areeasilycompromise,Thinking,long-termthinking,short-termthinking,SpecialpointswhendoingbusinesswithGerman,TableManners,Eatinghabits,China,Germany,awayofenjoyingandcommunication,emphasizemoreonthefooditselfconvenientandtime-savingnutritionallyendowed,Germancuisine&tableware,verysimplestrongflavoralittlebitoilycolddishesporkfishbeersarealwaysthebestchoicemostGermanareheavydrinkers,Germansseecoffeeasdailydrinkandteaasakindoffashionbehighly-qualifiedandcompleteddifferentkindsofforks,spoonsandplatesatGermanhome,HavingDinnerwithGermans,Ifyouareinvited,youhavebeenhighlytreatedIfyouhavetocanceltheappointment,youshouldinformthehostinadvanceBeinglateisallowableaslongasthetimeisrestrainedwithin15minutes,“whatever”isnotagoodanswerMostGermansbelieveinChristianandCatholicism,somefoodsarerestrainedintheirtables,MoreDetails,keepdownyourvoiceattableSometimestherewillbeabunwrappedinthenapkin,ifso,putitontheplatenearbyNeveruseyournapkintocleanyourtablewareorplate,holdingofknifeorforkofthehostessisasigntobeginthedinnerputthefishboneonthevergeofyourplateinsteadofputtingitonthetableorontothefloor,Taboos,Theknifeandforkthathavebeenusedineatingfishshouldnotbeusedtoeatmeatorcheeseagain.drinkbeersandwineatthesamedinner,beersshouldgofirst,donotpiletoomuchfoodinyourplateNapkinshouldneverbeusedasatooltofanyourself.Germansdonoteatwalnuts.,GiftGiving,GiftGiving,Germany,China,subordinatessendgiftstotheirsuperiorsgovernmentofficersreceivegiftsinNewYear15Euros®istration,NolimitationonthepriceNoregistration,GiftGivinginformaloccasion,Obeytherulescarriedoutbythehost,Choosegiftsasrequired,Bothcountrieshasthesimilartraditions,Givinggiftstofemalebusinesspartners,Germany,China,roses,perfumeandunderclothesareunacceptableindicateloveandintimacy,donotpaymuchattentionnotreallycareaboutaslongasitisofgreatvalue,casualoccasion-party,Germany,China,bringflowersnumberofflowersmustbeoddcornflowerisagoodchoiceNotroses,Donotusuallygiveflowersinparty,Givingalcoholasgifts,Germany,China,abottleofwinemeanslow-classtastewhiskeyisacceptable,LiquorExpensive&famous,Becareful!,Germany,