初中英语语法——主谓一致

初中英语语法主谓一致,讲解人：韩旭,一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则,一、语法一致原则,（1）主语为单数时，谓语用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.,（2）动词不定式或动词ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语，分指两个或两个以上动作时，谓语动词用复数形式。Tosee_（is/are）tobelieve.Doingeyeexercises_（is/are）goodforyoureyes.Lyingandstealing（is/are）immoral.,（3）由and或both连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。BothheandIareright.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacher_（is/are）coming.Thewriterandtheteacher_（is/are）coming.Aknifeandfork_（is/are）onthetable.,（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirl（has/have）therighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwoman（is/are）askedtohelp.,（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。Theteacherwithhisstudents(is/are)goingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboys(is/are)lateforclass.,（6）each,either,neither,another,theother，some,any,no,every作主语或构成的复合代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Eachofthem(has/have)anEnglishdictionary.Neitheransweriscorrect.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.,（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Wheremyshoes?Yourtrousersdirty.如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。Here(is/are)somenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocks(is/are)onthebed.,（8）不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Something(is/are)wrongwiththebike.Nobody（was/were）in.(Is/Are)everyoneheretoday?,二、意义一致的原则,（1）指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.,（2）表时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等复数名词作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。Twomonths_（is/are）alongholiday.Twentypounds_（is/are）notsoheavy.Tenmiles_（is/are）notalongdistance.Fiveminusfour_（is/are）one.,（3）family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamily_（is/are）notlarge.Myfamilyall_（like/likes）watchingTV.,（4）people、police、cattle、youth等没有复数标记但用作复数的集体名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。Peoplehere（is/are）veryfriendly.Theyouth（is/are）havingameeting.,（5）当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like，ratherthan,including,等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+aswellas+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mikewithhisfather_（has/have）beentoEngland.Mike,likehisbrother,_（enjoy/enjoys）playingfootball.Thestudentsaswellastheteacher_（was/were）presentatthemeeting,（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。Alloftheworkbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Morethanonestudent_（has/have）everbeentoBeijing.,（7）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?,（8）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth.sea.,（9）half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therest(is/are)moredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherest（is/are）offsick.,（10）由what引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。Whatshesaid（is/are）correct.Whatsheleftme（is/are）afewoldbooks.,（11）以s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,mathematics,physicspolitics等Nonews（is/are）goodnews.Mathematics(is/are)verypopularinourclass.,（12）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.Thepoor(is/are)veryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautiful(live)forever.,三、就近一致的原则,指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.,（1）由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorI（am/is/are）right.Neitherthechildrennortheteacher（know）anythingaboutit.,（2）在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There（is/are）twoapplesandoneegginit.There_（is/are）abookandthreepensonthedesk.Here_（is/are）somebooksandpaperforyou.,.由or,eitheror，neithernornotonlybutalso，notbut连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。EithermywifeorI（am/is/are）going.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsohe（is/are）readytoleave.,1.Betweenthetworoads_aTVtowercalledSkyscraperTower.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand2.Eitherofyou_goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are3.Youaswell_right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare4.AllbutDick_inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was5.-ShallIwaithereforthreehours?-Yes.Threehours_,_towaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughforyouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou,6.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed7.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare8.Everystudentandeveryteacher_.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeet