英语语法：虚拟语气.ppt

TheSubjunctiveMood,虚拟语气,Revision:,过去式(be用were),would(should,could,might)+动词原形,had+动词过去分词,would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词,过去式/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形,would(should,could,might)+动词原形,（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。,1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。,2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”或“would,could,might+havedone”。,（2）在主语wouldratherthat宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。,2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,（3）在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词如suggest,decide,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。Should常被省略。,一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四个要求（ask,demandrequest,require）,Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe_(be).IwishI_(meet)himyesterday.Iwishit_(be)finetomorrow.Heorderedthework_(start)atonce.5.Idratheryou_(stay)athomealldaytoday.,were,hadmet,wouldbe,(should)bestarted,stayed,Revision:,例1、IfIwereyou,Itothecinemawithher.(96)A.wentB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldgo,【分析】通过if从句中谓语动词“Iwere”可判断出，该句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would+动词原形”。故选答案D。,D、试题详解,例2Thedoctorproposedthatmybrotherhisrighthand.(97)avoidtouseB.shouldavoidtouseC.avoidusingD.avoidedusing,【分析】该题有两个考点，一是propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词形式，二是avoid一词后要用动名词作宾语。故选C。,例3HadyounothelpedmewithmyEnglish,Itopassthefinalexamination.A.mightfailB.mighthavefailedC.shallfailD.wouldfail,【分析】当if从句中有were,should和had等词时，可以省略if，同时把were,should,had放到主语前面形式倒装。从句中的hadnothelped表明该句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此要选B。,虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,Itisdesired（suggestedrequested,ordered,demanded)+that;Itisstrange(necessary,possible,important,surprising,natural)+that;Itisapity(nowonder)+that等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常被省略。,例:Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.,他那样说话，令人吃惊。,Itisstrangethathe(should)sayso.,真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会。,Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.,已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。,Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.,高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。,Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.,虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法,在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常省略。,例Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.,我的想法是在接受前仔细想想。,Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.,Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.,我的再做一次试验的建议被他们所采纳。,由asif,asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样),asif,asthough在状语从句和表语从句的用法,Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.,(Buthedoesntownitorprobablydoesntownitorwedontknowwhetherheownsitornot.),eg:HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.,eg:Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.,Itseemsasifit_alreadysummer.,看起来好象到夏天了。,were,他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。,HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.,他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。,Theytalkedaboutthecityasiftheyhadbeentherebefore.,他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的。,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,在Itis(high)time(that)的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该”,1、在Itis(high)time(that)的句型中,我们该走了。,Itistimeweleft/shouldleave.,【分析】Itis(high)timethat这一句型用虚拟语气动词形式用动词的过去式，表示“提醒”或“催促”等意。故选D。,例Itistimewe.(98)A.startB.tostartC.startingD.started,2、在Ifonly的句型中,ifonly表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是就好了”，相当于主语wish。,要是今天是星期天就好了。,IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.,要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。,IfonlyI_mycar.,hadntlost,3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with,without,butfor等。,Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?,Wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.,=ifyouhadamilliondollars,ifwehadntgotyourhelp,Butforrain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.,=Ifithadntbeenfortherain,4.用在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句中。,Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.,Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.,5.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。,Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）,Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）,=IfIhadnotbeenillthatday,Ifhehadnottelephonedtoinform,Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.,Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.,=Ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.,=Ifamanstoppeddrinkingwater,hewouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.,定语从句:,独立主格结构:,E.Exercises,1.Itisstrangethathe_(make)suchamistake.Thatsunexpected.2.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_(bring)enoughfoodonthetrip.3.Mydemandisthatyou_(get)upatsix.4.Evenifhe_(be)here,hecouldntsolvetheproblem.5.Withoutair,there_(be)nolivingthings.,shouldmake,bring,(should)get,were,wouldbe,1.Ourteacherinsistedthatwe_inclass.A.notalkB.donttalkC.couldnottalkD.shouldnottalk2.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_madeinanotherway.A.beB.mustbeC.maybeD.wouldbe,3.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetBdrove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot4.Ido_Icouldgiveyouahand.A.hopeB.wishC.expectD.think,5.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_ashorttripabroad.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took6.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.amreading,7.Iwouldrathershe_tomorrowthantoday.A.comeB.cameC.shouldcomeD.hascome8.Itsnecessarythatyou_bepresentatthemeet