英文跨文化交际课件.ppt

2020/5/20,1,Chapter5,SocialInteraction,2020/5/20,2,RolebehaviorexpectedofsomeonewhoholdsaparticularstatusRolesetanumberofrolesattachedtoasinglestatus,2020/5/20,3,Bytheendofthischapter,youshouldbeableto:,1.haveabetterunderstandingoftheconventionsandexpectationsofdifferentculturesinareassuchas:FormsofaddressGreetingsFarewellsComplimentingandrespondingInvitingPayingforamealShowinghospitalityDisagreeing,etc.,2020/5/20,4,2.bemoreawareofyourownbehaviorpatternsandhowtheyareshapedbyChineseculture.3.knowhowtoavoidorlessenmisunderstandingininterculturalcommunicationandbeabletoconveyyourideasmoresuccessfully.,2020/5/20,5,A.TheyoungladyMarilyninAmericaaddresseshermother-in-lawbyherfirstname,Ellen.Howdoyouaccountforthis?CouldthesamethinghappeninChina?Why?B.InChinaweaddressastrangerwithanadvancedageGrandpaorGrandma.Whydowedososincethatstrangerisnotconnectedtousbyblood?HowdoesthissoundtoanEnglishear?C.WeChineseroutinelyusemanyposition-linkedoroccupation-linkedtitlestoaddresspeople,suchaswangjinling(王经理),majuzhang(马局长),zhangzhuren(张主任),liyisheng(李医生),etc.DoAmericanshavesimilarcustoms?,Activity1Formsofaddress,2020/5/20,6,Casestudy,ASituation:WhattosayE.G.AconversationbetweenSusanandMrs.Zhang,hermother-in-law,attheairportwhenleavingChina.Thehusbandisinterpretingforthem.,2020/5/20,7,Susan:Mrs.Zhang,cometoNewYorkifyouwant.Husbandstranslation:妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husbandstranslation:Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husbandstranslation:谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多好吃的。Mother:自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husbandstranslation:Itsmypleasure,Susan,Ihopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husbandstranslation:谢谢妈妈，我祝您身体健康。Mother:谢谢，谢谢。,2020/5/20,8,Doctor,Professor,Judge,Preseident,Senator,Governer,Mayor,Colonel,Captain,etc.,Activity1Formsofaddress,2020/5/20,9,Workinpairs.ListsomecommonformsofgreetingamongtheEnglish-speakingpeopleandChinesepeople.thentrytospotsomedifferences,ifthereareany.Chinesecultureisrelation-oriented.Maintainingorpromotingrelationcallsforsomethinginterpersonal,soitisquiteacceptableinChinatogreeteachotherbyaskingprivatequestions,whileEnglishpeoplehaveaverystrongsenseofprivacy.,Activity2Greetings,2020/5/20,10,“Good-bye”or“Bye-Bye”isacceptablebothinEnglishandChinese,anditisaveryformalway.Englishpeoplealsosay“Seeyou”,“Seeyoulater”,“Goodnight”,and“Haveaniceday”.ThoseexpressionsconveylesspersonalconcernsthanChineseroutinessuchas“Walkslowly”,“Staylonger”.,Activity3Farewells,2020/5/20,11,Complimentsandpraisesareofgreatsocialfunctions.Concerningcomplimentsandcomplimentresponses,thepragmaticrulesarevariousindifferentcultures.InAmericanculture,thetopicofcomplimentscanbevaried.Theirresponsetocomplimentsispositive.Chinesepeopleareshytocomplimentothersandalsoshytoacceptcompliments.,Activity4Complimentsandresponses,2020/5/20,12,A.ACanadianwomanacquaintanceofaChineseartteacheraskedhimtolookoveranarticlethatshehadwrittenaboutChinesepainting.Heagreed,butaddedsomethingpolitely.Whatdoyouthinkhewouldliketoadd?B.AfamousChineseactressmarriedaGerman.Onedaywhenshewasacting,herhusbandwastherewatching,sayingagainandagainthatshewasthebestactress.Theactresscolleaguespresentaskedherafterwardstotellherhusbandnottopraisehisownwifelikethatinpublic.Onlearningthis,theGermanwonderedwhathedidwrong.,Activity4Complimentsandresponses,2020/5/20,13,Activity5Inviting,Nowstudythefollowingstatementsandthinkhowyouwouldrespondtoeachofthem.Discussinsmallgroups.Letsgettogethersoon.Ihaventseenyouforalongtime.Youmustcomeroundfordinnersometime.Itsgoodseeingyou.Illinviteyoutotealater.Imgoingtogiveapartythisweekend.Comeifyoulike.HowaboutjoiningusfordinnerthisFridaynight?,2020/5/20,14,Activity6FootingtheBill,Task1:WhoseTreat?Situation:Whensomeonesuggestsgoingforameal,whosgoingtopaythebill?Task2:CustomsandLanguageTask3:MeaningfromContextgoDutchpoolonesmoneypickupthetabbuyonesround,2020/5/20,15,Activity7ShowingHospitalityinDifferentWays,Task1:Toomodest?-When“No”DoesnotMeanNo.WeChineseusuallysay“no”whensomebodyofferssomething,because_.Afterwesay“no”,weusually_,butthatneverhappensinaforeignershome.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignoresour“no”,wewill_.,2020/5/20,16,Activity7ShowingHospitalityinDifferentWays,Task2:SharingKnowledge:YesandNoTheJapaneseword“Hai”Differentwaysofsaying“No”acrossculturesTheJapanese“No”,2020/5/20,17,Activity7ShowingHospitalityinDifferentWays,Task2:SharingKnowledge:YesandNoWhatdoesitmeantointerculturalcommunication?InEnglishcultures,itseasytosay“no”tosomethingtheydonotwanttodo.Butinmanyeasterncultures,itsdifficulttosay“no”.Torefuseaninvitationorarequestwith“no”orasimilarphrase,isfelttobeimpolite.Itsthoughttobeselfishandunfriendly.,2020/5/20,18,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task1:DifferentApproachestoRefusingRequestsDirectandIndirectCommunicationStyle(PersonalandContextualCommunicationStyle)(InstrumentalandAffectiveCommunicationStyle),2020/5/20,19,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task1:DifferentApproachestoRefusingRequests1.DirectcommunicationstyleWithdirectcommunicationstyle,speakerexpresseshisintention（needanddesire）openlyanddirectly.Directstylesareoftenusedinlow-context,individualisticcultures.Verbalprecisionandself-expressionarevalued.2.IndirectcommunicationstyleInanindirectcommunicationstyle,whichisoftenseeninhigh-contextandcollectivisticcultures,speakersusuallyhideorhinttheirintentionsduringinteraction.,2020/5/20,20,BasicTheory:CommunicativeStyles,IndividualismConsiderindividualDistinguishformsofdiscourselessPayattentiontocontextlessExpressexplicitlyanddirectlyPeopleinferless,CollectivismConsidergroupDistinguishformsofdiscoursemorePayattentiontocontextmoreExpressinexplicitlyandindirectlyPeopleinfermore(Fukushima2000:134),2020/5/20,21,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task2:Face:GoffmanPositivefaceisthedesireofbeingseenasagoodhumanbeing.Negativefaceisthedesiretoremainautonomous.,2020/5/20,22,Face:BrownandLevinson,Faceisthepublicself-imagethateverymemberwantstoclaimforhimself.Itreferstothatemotionalandsocialsenseofselfthateveryonehasandexpectseveryoneelsetorecognize.Faceconsistsoftworelatedaspects.,Browndisagreementsthreatenthehearerspositiveface.,2020/5/20,25,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task2:FaceRefusalsClassificationofRefusals(Beebeetal.1990:72-73)I.Direct“Irefuse”“No”“Icant.”“Iwont”.“Idontthinkso.”,2020/5/20,26,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task2:FaceRefusalsClassificationofRefusalsII.IndirectA.Statementofregret(e.g.,“Imsorry.”;“Ifeelterrible.”)B.Wish(e.g.,“IwishIcouldhelpyou.”)C.Excuse,reason,explanation(e.g.,“Mychildrenwillbehomethatnight.”;“Ihaveaheadache.”)D.Statementofalternative1.IcandoXinsteadofY(e.g.,“Idrather.”“Idprefer”)2.WhydontyoudoXinsteadofY(e.g.,“Whydontyouasksomeoneelse?”),2020/5/20,27,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task2:FaceTheConfucianlegacyofconsiderationforothersandconcernforproperhumanrelationshipshasledtothedevelopmentofcommunicationpatternsthatpreserveoneanothersface.Indirectcommunicationhelpstopreventtheembarrassmentofrejectionbytheotherpersonordisagreementamongpartners,leavingtherelationshipandeachothersfaceintact.,2020/5/20,28,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task3:DefendingFace“Defendingface”isoneofthemainfactorsinfluencingJapanesebehavior.Concretemechanisms(indirectformsofcommunication)fordefendingface-mediatedcommunication(askingsomeoneelsetotransmitthemessage);refractedcommunication(talkingtoathirdpersoninthepresenceofthehearer);actingasadelegate(conveyingonesmessageasbeingfromsomeoneelse).,2020/5/20,29,Activity8DisagreeingAgreeably,Task3:DefendingFaceAsignificantdifferencebetweenNorthAmericanandEastAsiancommunicationpatterns.American“Thedoorisopen”.Japanese“Itssomewhatcoldtoday.”,2020/5/20,30,Task4“Face”inChinesecultureTheconceptionoffaceinChinesecultureisdifferentfromBrownandLevinsonsdefinition.BrownandLevin