学术英语综合 Unit 5

,学术英语综合,AcademicEnglishAnIntegratedCourse,Unit5Philosophy,UnitContents,Unitobjectives,TextA,TextB,TextC,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,Listening,Speaking,Writing,UnitObjectives,1.ProfessionalKnowledgeGetacquaintedwithsomeimportantphilosophicalconcepts(e.g.mentalist,epistemologist,phenomenologist,behaviorist,philosophicalpsychology,pragmatist,feminist,ethicsofcare,philosophyofscience,etc.)2.ReadingSummarizethemainideaofatextandgraspthetwosidesofanargumentUnderstanddifficultsentences(e.g.sentenceswithabstractmeaningorambiguousreference)Analyzecomplexorcontroversialissuescritically,Unit5Philosophy,UnitObjectives,3.ListeningKnowhowtousenote-takingforms4.SpeakingKnowhowtoturntoanewpointindiscussions5.WritingLearntoavoidplagiarisminwriting,Unit5Philosophy,UnitObjectives,6.ResearchingCarryoutasmall-scaleinterviewstudytoexplorehowChinesecollegestudentsperceivephilosophytoday7.AcademiclanguageanddiscourseAcquiresometermsrelatedtophilosophyLearnsomesignpostlanguageforclassificationComprehendstylisticdifferencesbetweenformalandinformalEnglishandacquiresomeformalexpressions,Unit5Philosophy,TextALead-in,TheAmericansciencefictionmovieMatrix（黑客帝国）describesaworlddominatedbyrobotswhomanipulatedhumanbeings.Doyouthinksuchaworldwouldonedaycometoreality?Whyorwhynot?Discussthesequestionswitheachother.ThenreadTextAtoseehowthewritermightanswerthesequestions.,Unit5Philosophy,TextAOverview,Learnmoreaboutthetwophilosophicalterms:,mentalismbehaviorism,Unit5Philosophy,TextASupplementaryinformation,1.MentalistMentalistsarepeoplewhobelieveinmentalism.Mentalismisaschoolofphilosophywhichbelievesthatmentalphenomenacannotbeexplainedbyphysicallaws;instead,physicalthingscanbeexplainedintermsofmentalthingswhichexistinarealsense.Somementalistsclaimthatphysicalobjectsaremerelysensationsorperceptions,orthatthewholematerialworldismentalinnature.,Unit5Philosophy,TextASupplementaryinformation,2.BehavioristBehavioristsarepeoplewhobelieveinbehaviorism.Behaviorismisaphilosophicaltheorywhichbelievesthatmentalstatescanbeanalyzedintermsofpubliclyobservableactions;inotherwords,behaviorcanbedescribedandexplainedwithoutreferencetomentaleventsorpsychologicalprocesses.Thisschoolofthoughttendstoemphasizetheexternalsourcesofbehavioranddismisstheinternalsources(themind).Themindhencehasnoindependentsignificance.,Unit5Philosophy,TextAOverview,2.DoTask1CriticalReadingandThinkingtohaveanoverviewofthetext.,consciousminds,ineverywayasif,itunderstands,think,whattheydo,what,heorshesaysanddoes,innerlife,Unit5Philosophy,TextAIn-depthanalysis,1.ExploredifficultsentencesinTextA.,Unit5Philosophy,TextADifficultsentences,Incountlessmovies,computersplayastarringrole.(Para.1)Muchofthisisstillsciencefiction.(Para.1)Boththefantasyandthefactwouldhaveastonishedourgrandparents.(Para.1)Ifthecomputerreallyisa“materialmind”,thennotonlymustwerethinkthisdistinction,butwehavebrokenitwithourowncreations.(Para.2)ThefirstresponseIllcallmentalist,forthesakeofalabel.(Para.4)WouldntyouhaveasmuchreasonforthinkingthatMhadamindasyouhaveforthinkingthatyourmotherdoes?Butdidyouevercheckthatyourmotherhasgotbraintissueinherhead?(Para.8),Unit5Philosophy,TextADifficultsentences,NotifIknowthatitsgotsiliconchipsinitshead.(Para.8)Ifitstheevidenceofwhatyourmotherdoesthatentitlesyoutobelieveshehasamind(andnot,say,aninnateprejudice),(Para.9)Itseemsthatourconvictionthatpeoplehavemindsisnobetterbasedthanthebeliefthattherecouldbeunderstandingcomputers.(Para.12).inthesameboat.(Para.12)Itistimenowtofindourwayupthattowertohavealookaround.(Para.15),Unit5Philosophy,TextAIn-depthanalysis,2.DiscussingroupsaboutthequestionsinTask3/Criticalreadingandthinking:WhatisyourpointofviewDocomputershaveminds?Comparetheviewsinthetextwithyourownanswers.,Unit5Philosophy,TextBTextanalysis,Whatisthewritersfocus?Philosophyingeneraloranybranchofphilosophy?,LearnmoreaboutAmericanphilosophyAmericanphilosophycouldrefertophilosophicalworkdonebyAmericanswithinthegeographicalconfinesoftheUnitedStates.Itcouldalsorefertothetypesofphilosophicalconcernsandproblemsaddressed;namely,thefocusontheinterconnectionsoftheoryandpractice,onexperienceandcommunity.Althoughdifferentconcernsandthemeshaveoccurredatdifferenttimes,AmericanphilosophybothreflectsandshapescollectiveAmericanidentityoverthehistoryofthenation.TraditionalAmericanphilosophyfeaturedGeorgeHerbertMead,Peirce,James,Tufts,andDeweywhosephilosophicalthoughtsledtotheestablishmentofPragmatism.,Unit5Philosophy,TextBTextanalysis,2.SummarizethemainfeaturesofAmericanphilosophytodayonthebasisofTask1/Criticalreadingandthinking/TextB.,3.CompareyouranswerstothequestionsinTask2/CriticalReadingandThinking/TextB.,Unit5Philosophy,TextBDifficultsentences,Statisticalandmathematicaltechniquesofanalysisvs.amorediscursive,evennarrative,styleinsocialsciences(Para.3).theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.(Para.11)Likeallsuchlabels,thesedistinctionscanbepushedtoofar.(Para.4)Herethebestadviceis:userbeware.(Para.10):,Unit5Philosophy,TextBResearching,FormintoteamstodothetaskinResearching/TextB.Followthesesteps:ReporttheresearchfindingstothegroupDiscussthefindingswithinthegroupDrawupapostertopresenttheresearchfindingsofthegrouptotheclass,Unit5Philosophy,Whatdoyouknowaboutthefollowingterms?naturalphilosophyformalphilosophy,TextCTextAnalysis,Unit5Philosophy,TextCSupplementaryinformation,NaturalphilosophyNaturalphilosophywasthestudyofnatureandthephysicalworldinallitsvariousdimensionsbeforethedevelopmentofmodernscience.,2.FormalphilosophyFormalphilosophymainlydealswithconceptualquestionssuchashowpeopleconceiveoftheworld.Itissupposedtobedifferentfromnaturalphilosophywhichdealswithempiricalquestionssuchashowtheworldhappenstobe.Herethewriterusesthistermtorefertomodernphilosophy.,Unit5Philosophy,2.Contributeasmuchaspossiblewhatyouknowaboutthedifferencesbetweenscienceandphilosophy.,TextCTextAnalysis,3.DotheTaskinTextC.,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,DoTask1/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.,Specializedvocabulary,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,1.DoTask2/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.2.Dothefollowingsignpostlanguageactivity:,Signpostlanguage,Readthefollowingparagraphandfindoutthewordsthatindicateclassification.,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,Signpostlanguage,Psychology,asdefined,comprisesanumberofdifferentkindsofenterprises,sodifferentthattheymayseemtohavenothingincommon.Onepsychologistisengagedinvocationalguidance;hespendshisdaytalkingtohighschoolstudents,studyingtheiracademicrecordsandtheirtestscoresandfromthese,inprinciple,showingthestudenthowtoclarifyhisownideasabouthisfuturetrainingandoccupation.Anotherspendshisdaystudyingdelayedreactioningoldfishorthenavigationofbats.Otherpsychologistsareassistinginthediagnosisofneuroticpatients,doingresearchonthechildhoodexperiencesthatcontributetoneurosis,ortakingpartincombinedresearchontheeffectsoftranquilizers.Butallsuchdisparateactivitieshavethisincommon,thatthemethodsderivefromthesamefundamentaltrainingintheproceduresandconceptionsofacademicpsychology,andthattheworkeriseitherputtingtheconceptionstopracticaluseortryingtoimproveonthem(orboth).,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,FormalEnglish,DoTask3/Languagebuilding-up/TextA.,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,Collocation,FillintheblanksofthesentenceswhichareadaptedfromsentencesinTextsBandCwithappropriateprepositions.PhilosophyinNorthAmericatodayischaracterized_enormousvariety.Addingtothisdiversityistheemergence_interestinvariousnon-westernphilosophies.Thiskindofuseofanalyticaltechniquesderives_formallogic.Thelessformalizedanalysisismoreakin_thetraditionalwritingofphilosophers.Thiskindofanalysishasampleroom_themoretraditionalstyleofphilosophy.Somephilosophersuseformalizedtechniquesintheirapproaches_traditionalphilosophicalquestions.Somephilosophersdraws_theworkofbothstylesofphilosophy.,by,of,from,to,for,to,on,Unit5Philosophy,Academiclanguageanddiscourse,Collocation,Analternativetotherule-governedanalysisofmorality,theyput_anethicsofcare.Thesituationhasresulted_theprofessionalizationofphilosophy.Philosophyhasnotfounditsway_thecurriculumofhighschools.Atitscorere