句子成分分析ppt课件

.,句子成分分析,Iloveyou.（主谓宾）MrWang,myHistoryteacheratuniversity,is主同位语谓alearnedman.表（定语）Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.主谓宾补地点状语时间状语,.,从句分类,名词性从句（nominalclauses):主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句定语从句/关系从句（attributiveclauses/relativeclauses）:限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句状语从句（adverbialclauses):时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，方式，条件，让步，比较,.,Whathedoescontradictswhathesays.Thefactisthatyouarelying.Thenewsthatourteamgotthechampionexcitedeveryonepresent.,.,状语从句联系词,when/while/as/assoonaswhere/whereverbecause/since/forsothat/inorderthatsothat/suchthatasif/asthoughif/incasethat/lest/aslongasthough/although/evenif/eventhoughthan,.,LanguageStructures,LookupthewordinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatasthesubject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语)Haveyoureadallthebooksthatyouborrowedfromme?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatastheobject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语）,.,IdliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromGermanyyesterday.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhoasthesubject，who引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语）Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwho/mheintroducedtouslastweek?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywho/mastheobject，who/m引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语。),.,在关系从句中，如果先行词是“人”，则引导词为who（作从句主语或宾语），whom（作从句宾语），或that（作从句主语或宾语）。要注意的是，虽然who比whom的用处更广泛，但如果引导词前是一个介词，则引导词必须为whom，如：Sheistheteacherwho/whomwetalkedabout.Sheistheteacheraboutwhomwetalked.,.,在关系从句中，如果先行词是“物”，则引导词为that或which，两者均可作从句的主语或宾语。它们的区别在于：（1）如果先行词有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,none,little等不定代词，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.IhavereadallthemagazinesthatIboughtlastweek.（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.ItisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,（3）在介词后的引导词只能用which，不能用that；e.g.Justchoosethesubjectinwhichyouaremostinterested.（4）在非限制性关系从句中，只能用which为引导词，不能用that。e.g.Theriver,whichflowsthroughLondon,iscalledtheThames.,.,12October1492wastheday_ColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroom_peoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereason_wehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?12October1492wasthedaywhen/onwhichColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroomwhere/inwhichpeoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereasonwhy/forwhichwehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?,.,.,遇到先行词为地点或时间的名词，要看该先行词在从句中充当状语还是主语或宾语，如果充当状语，则从句可由where/when引出；如果充当宾语，则从句不可由where/when引出，而仍应该由which引出。如：Themanissaidtocomefromatownwhichnobodyknew.Idontrememberthedaythatyoumentioned.Thisistheplace_Ilived3threeyearsago.Thisistheplace_youvisitedlasttime,right?,.,Ilikethewayshespoke.theway后省略了连接词,原句应为：Ilikethewayinwhich/thatshespoke.theway在从句中表示“方式”，上句thewayshespoke表示“说话的方式”。再如：Thatwastheway(inwhich/that)sheworkedtheproblemout.那就是他解决问题的方式。,.,Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.whichwherewhatinwhich,.,Doyouknowtheman_?whomIspoketowhospokeIspoketothatIspoke,.,Thisisthehotel_lastmonth.whichtheystayedatthattheystayedwheretheystayedatwheretheystayed,.,Doyouknowtheyear_theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?whichthatwhenonwhich,.,Thatistheday_Illneverforget.whichonwhichinwhichwhen,.,Thisisoneofthebestfilms_.thathavebeenshownthisyearwhichhavebeenshownthisyearthathasbeenshownthisyearwhichhasbeenshownthisyear,.,Canyoulendmethebook_theotherday?aboutwhichyoutalkedwhichyoutalkedaboutthatyoutalkedthatyoutalked,.,Iminterestedin_youhavesaid.allthatallwhatthatwhich,.,LiMing,_totheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.IwentwithwithwhomIwentwithwhoIwentIwentwithhim,.,Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof_arewomen.themwhichwhomwho,.,LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,_Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.forwhichforthatinwhichwhat,.,Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_wasadvertisedonTV.thatwhichasit,.,Thisisthereason_hedidntcometothemeeting.inwhichwithwhichthatforwhich,.,Heisworkinghard,_willmakehimpassthefinalexam.thatwhichforwhichwho,.,Ihavetwodictionaries,_areofgreatuse.allofwhicheitherofwhichbothofthembothofwhich,.,LSPLanguagePoints,cooker:autensilforcooking,炊具apparatus:equipment,仪器，设备beusedfor:被用于peeler:adeviceforpeelingvegetablesorfruits,去皮器device:apparatuspeel:striptheskinoff,削皮microcalculator:微型计算器,.,add,subtract,multiply,divide:(v.)plus,minus,times,divided:(prep.)a)Ifyouadd24and36,youget60.24plus/and36is/equals60.b)Ifyousubtract10from100,youareleftwith(youget)90.100minus10leaves/equals/is90.c)14multipliedby11makes154.14times11equals154.d)Ifyoudivide30byfive,yougetsix.30dividedbyfiveequalssix.,.,switch:(v.)turnoff/on,开关(n.)acontroldeviceelectriccurrent:theflowofelectricity电流saucepan:adeeppanwithahandle;usedforstewingorboiling,炖锅pot:罐，壶,.,.,assign:give(atask);appoint,分配，指定，布置（作业）（1）Theteacherdidntassignanyhomeworktoday.今天老师没有布置作业。（2）Paulwasassignedtoanewpost.Paul被分配到了新的岗位。（3）Thetwogovernmentsassignedadayforthenextnegotiation.两国政府确定了下一轮谈判的日期。assignment:作业（4）Whatistodaysassignment?今天有什么作业？（5）Hehasgotanewassignment.他得到一项新任命。,.,researchinstitute:研究所，研究学会tour:(v.)旅行,游历,巡回,漫游tour:(n.)旅行,游历,旅游touringinChina,在中国游历（1）我们游览了一下这座城市。Theyhavegoneonatourofthecity.（2）我们去年夏天在欧洲观光。WetouredEuropelastsummer.,.,journalist:anewsreport,新闻记者aseriesof:一系列的stylistics:文体学AutumnCommodityFair:秋季商品交易会,.,LSPExampleI,A:Canyouexplaintheword“cooker”inEnglish?B:ImafraidIcantA:ThenlookthewordupinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.B:Itsaysacookerisanapparatuswhichisusedforcookingfood.,.,LSPExampleII,A:Haveyoureadallthebooks(that)youborrowedfromme?B:No,theresstillonethatIhaventread.A:whichone?B:Theonethatyousaidyoudontlike.,.,LSPExampleIII,A:IdliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromCanadayesterday.B:YoumeantheCanadianengineerwhosvisitingaresearchinstitutehere?A:No.ImlookingfortheCanadianprofessorwhosteachingatPujiangUniversity.B:Oh,itsProfessorPaulJones.HesinRoom802.,.,LSPExampleIV,A:Whatsthenameoftheyoungman(whom)Luintroducedustolastweek?B:PaulWhite.A:Ishethewriter(whom)theyinvitedtoattendaconference?B:No.Idontthinkso.Mr.WhiteistheEnglishjournalistJinaskedtocometoourparty.,.,DialogueIDiscussion,DescribethechangesinChinasruralareas,particularlyinthecoastalareas.Describethechangesaroundyouinthelasttenyears.,.,DialogueILanguagePoints,Ihaventseenyouaroundlately:最近都没见到你了。outoftown:出了城amaze:surprisetremendous:manyoccur:happenrural:ofthecountryside乡下的urban:ofthecity城市的coastal:atthecoast,沿海的acoupleof:twoorthree,several,.,leadalife:havealife,过着的生活（1）他在乡村过着幸福的生活。Heleadsahappylifeinthecountry.（2）leadapoor/hardlifebarren:poor,贫瘠的tattered:tornorragged,破烂的，褴褛的rowsuponrowsof:一排一排的three-storeyed:three-floorstory:层brand-name:anamegiventoaproduct,品牌,.,drive:(v.)push,force,驱动，推动(n.)有组织的努力；运动；动力；驾驶；车道（1）Helefthiscarinthedrive.他把汽车停在汽车道上。（2）Whathashappenedtothecompanysdriveforqualitycontrol?这家公司开展的质量控制运动结果如何？（3）Aspartofthebanksefficiencydriveconsiderablecutsarebeingmadeintheworkforce.银行要努力提高效率，其中一个措施就是大量裁员。,.,infavorof:赞同，有利于（Unit4）（1）我们赞成她升为总裁。Weareinfavorofherpromotiontopresident.（2）法庭的判决有利于被告。Thecourtdecidedinfavorofthedefendant.insbsfavorThecourtdecidedinthedefendantsfavor.Wehopethatthenewsystemwilloperateinourfavor.putin:投入preferentialpolicies:privilege,优惠政策favorable:favoring,有利的,.,comeacross:meetaccidentally,不期而遇（1）今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学。Icameacrossmyoldcollegeroommateintowntoday.（2）一天，她在为Paul打扫房间的时候，偶然看到了他的日记，于是她就读了起来。OnedaywhilecleaningPaulsroom,shecameacrosshisdiaryandstartedtoreadit.,.,beboundto:一定将会（1）这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.（2）孩子们到家后一定会饿他们常常都是这样的。Thekidsareboundtobehungrywhentheygethometheyalwaysare.vision:theabilitytosee,视野broaden:makebroad,拓宽Sohastheirtaste,.,desire:longfor,渴望agrowingdesiretodo:越来越渴望去subscribetosth.:offertobuy,预订，订阅via:(prep.)by,through,bymeansof（1）你从北京去上海会经由天津吗？WillyoutravelfromBeijingtoShanghaiviaTianjin?（2）你得通过空邮寄信，这样才快。Youmustsendtheletterviaairmail,whichisfast.,.,stumblingblock:anobstacle,绊脚石unimaginable:beyondimagination,不可想象的，maketheirentryinto:enterentry(n.)enter(v.)precisely:exactly,正好,.,Role-Play,crop-growingagriculture:只种植农作物的农业output:production,产出，产量cultivate:farm,耕种reclaim:cultivatethewilderness,开垦（荒地）scientificfarming:科学耕作unitoutput:单位产量existing:现存的arable:capableofbeingfarmedproductively，适于耕种的,.,diversified:various,多样化的husbandry:cultivatingthelandorraisingstock，畜牧管理forestry:managementofforests,森林业，森林学fishery:fishingindustry,渔业edible:capableofbeingeaten,可食用的edibleoil:食用油well-informed:knowing,熟悉的，见闻广博的prosperous:flourishing,繁荣的defect:disadvantage,缺点merit:advantage,优点,.,DialogueII,classifyinto:putintodifferentclasses,把归类为classifyobjectsintotypes:把物件分成几类Wearetryingtoclassifythesebookintotwotypes:literaryandnon-literary.我们正试着把这些书分成两类：文学类和非文学类。Howtoidentifyandclassifyobjectsbytheirfeatures.如何根据物件的特点分类classifyby:按分类图书馆的书是按科目分类的。Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedbysubject.,.,afurcollar:皮领automatic:workingbyitself,自动的flash:闪光fitinto:beabletobeputinto,适合（放入）fitintoyourpocket:刚好能放入你的口袋（1）这张卡刚好能放进那个信封里。Thiscardjustfitsnicelyintothatenvelope.（2）这个房间再也放不仅更多的椅子了。Wecantfitanymorechairsintotheroom.,.,develop:(v.)冲洗（照片）zoomlens:变焦镜头close-up:aphotographtakenatcloserange,大特写glue:gum,胶水sticky:(a.)带有粘性的stick:(v.)粘住stickthingstogether:把东西粘在一起fireextinguisher:灭火器putout:extinguish,扑灭lostpropertyoffice:失物招领处property:possessions,财物,.,conscientious:responsible,尽责的attendant:waiter/waitress,服务员handin:submit,交上，递交handle:grip,hold,柄，把手flight-bag:航空旅行袋distinguishing:special,有区别的，特别的distinguishingfeatures:特殊的特点distinguishbetweenAandBinitial:thefirstletter,首字母,.,establish:prove,confirm,确定，证实establishthecorrectownership:确定正确的物主身份（1）新证据证实了嫌疑犯有罪。Thenewevidenceestablishesthesuspectsguilt.（2）那个故事是否真的难以证实。Itishardtoestablishthetruthofthestory.alistofcontents:内容清单beonduty:当班，上班two-wayradio:收发两用无线电设备HQ,headquarters:总部,.,ReadingI:Questions,Whyisfoodabasicneed?Howcanweavoidmalnutrition?Whydidprimitivepeopleeatonlythefoodthatcouldbegrownneartheirhomes?Whatisthedifferencebetweenneedsandwants?Howdoyoudifferfromprimitivemeninourfoodwants?Namethreethingsthatamodernhousecontainsbutanancientpalacedidnot.,.,Structure,Paras.13:ourfirstbasicneed:foodPara.4:oursecondbasicneed:clothingPara.5:ourthirdbasicneed:shelter,.,ReadingILanguagePoints,speakof/about:谈及，说到speak:说话，说（某种语言）hearof/about:听说hear:听到dowithout:managewithout,没有也可以：在没有某物的情况下设法完成cannotdowithout:没有就不可以，不能没有（1）岛上没有电视，可不久我们就适应了。Therewasnotelevisionontheisland,butwesoonlearnedtodowithout.（2）在这里生活，不能没有网络。Whilelivinghere,onecantdowithouttheInternet.（3）学习英语不能没有词典。InlearningEnglish,wecantdowithoutadictionary.,.,starvetodeath:饿死sufferfrom+疾病/灾难sufferfromcoldandhunger饥寒交迫sufferfromfloods遭受水灾suffer:(vt.)遭受，忍受sufferpain遭受痛苦sufferhunger挨饿,.,lack:(n.)beshortof,缺乏alackof,nolackoflack:(vt.)缺乏belackingin（1）他缺乏勇气。Helackscourage./Heislackingincourage./Heshowsalackofcourage.（2）这里严重缺水。Thereisaseriouslackofwaterhere.（3）蔬菜不缺。Thereisnolackofvegetable.malnutrition:营养不良nutrition:(n.)营养nutrient:(n.)有营养的食物nutritious:(a.)有营养的,.,managetodosth.:能liveahealthylifeonlimitedtypesoffoodprimitive:crude,原始的foods:variouskindsoffood,各种各样的食物food:食物的总称（uncountable）fruits,fruitwhereas:butbesatisfiedwithsth.wants:(n.)onadietof:依靠的饮食习惯ondiet:节食monotonous:videsth.forsb.,.,wedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsAdifferfromB:A与B不相同differin:在（方面）有区别（1）我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同。MybrotherandIdifferinmanyways.Idifferfrommybrotherinmanyways.（2）日语发音和法语大不相同。JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation.Bedifferentfromcomparewith:与相比较compareto:把比作Lifeispoeticallycomparedtothemorningdew.在诗歌中，人生被比喻为朝露。,.,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry,butwecanalsoenjoythemoreexoticfruitsfromcountriesthousandsofmilesaway,wecannotonlyenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry,butwecanalsoButonlyAbutalsoBBaswellasAexotic:foreign,异国的thousandsof:数千的onethousand,twothousand,threethousand,hundredsof,millionsoffourhundredpeoplefivemilliondollars,.,limitto:(v.)restrict,把限定于（某个范围）alimitto(n.)（1）妈妈把家里的开支限制于1000美元。Motherlimitedthefamilyexpenseto1000dollars.（2）凡事都有限度。Thereisalimittoeverything.（3）我能付得起的钱数是有限的。ThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford.thesameistrueof:也一样,.,regulate:adjust,控制，调节（1）regulatethetemperature:调节温度（2）regulatethetraffic:管理交通regulations:rules,规则，规定（3）Everyoneshouldobeythetrafficregulations.人人都应遵守交通规则。temperate:mild,notextreme,温和的temperateclimate:温带的气候tropicalcountries:热带国家arctic:北极的，寒带的,.,likewise:inthesamewaychangewith:随着而改变lightclothing:轻便