新概念2第15课

Lesson15.GoodNews,Goodnews,Badnews,secretary,n.秘书；书记；部长；大臣,美国国务卿希拉里,SecretaryofState,KofiAttaAnnan,潘基文,Theyaregeneralsecretaries.,generalsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,secret秘密n.keepasecret保守秘密thesecretofsuccess成功的秘密anopensecret一个公开的秘密secretadj.秘密地，保密的，不公开的asecretmarriage一次秘密的婚礼keepasecretforsb为某人保守秘密keepasecrettosb对某人保守秘密,nvs,nervous,神经的；紧张不安的,nerven.神经,Imverynervousabouttakingthisexam.参加这次考试我非常紧张。e.g.:ImalwaysnervouswhenIhavetomakeaspeech.当我要做演讲时我总是很紧张。benervousof害怕；对胆怯e.g.:Somepeoplearenervousofwalkinginthedark.feelnervousabout(at)sth.为某事儿忐忑不安e.g.：IfeelnervousaboutwhetherIcanbeadmitedtothisuniversity.,worried：为以后的事情担心upset:不安的irritable易怒的,afford,负担得起;承受,1)affordsth.买得起，付得起e.g.:Icantaffordthecoat.Itstooexpensive.e.g.:Icanonlyaffordfiveyuan.2)affordtodosth.担负得起做某事；有经济能力做某事e.g.:Icantaffordtobeillagain.我不能再病了。Icanaffordtobuythebook.=Icanaffordthebook翻译：他买不起这台电脑。,通常与can,could连用,Hecantaffordthecomputer/Hecantaffordtobuythecomputer.,3.足以；经得起；能受得住，够得上(做某事):Thecountrycantaffordanotherflood.该国经不起再受一次水灾了。4.给予；提供，供给：音乐给我带来乐趣。Musicaffordsmepleasure.Phrase：affordgreatpleasuretosomeone/affordsomeonegreatpleasure给某人很大乐趣,affordsb.ahelp(offer),Theboywasaffordingahelptothegirl.,虚弱的；无力的,weak,每上完一周（week）课，我都觉得浑身无力（weak）,weak(弱的)（sick/low/dull）,身体声音视力智力学习能力,Weakhealth,Weak/lowvoice,Eg.Youareweakandnotfittocommandanarmy,aweakmind(低能),heisweakinmathematics.,Strong（强的）(good/loud/great),Hehasastrong/healthybody,Greatmind,Hawkinghasagreat/strongmindbutaweakbody.,interrupt,打断（别人的话等）；暂停；中断,erruption,interruptsb打断某人的话1.打断(讲话或讲话人)打断别人谈话是不礼貌的。Itisimpolitetointerruptothers.2.中断;遮断;阻碍交通被暴雪中断了。Thetrafficwasinterruptedbysnowstorm.,近义词：disturbvt.打扰，扰乱,e.gMycousinalwaysmakesalotofnoiseanddisturbsmewhenImstudying.当我在学习的时候，我的表弟总是发出噪音打扰我。,T:Wedidnotdisturbhimuntilhehadfinishedwork.,disturbsb打扰某人,The_toldmethatMr.Harmsworth_seeme.Ifeltvery_whenI_intohisoffice.Hedidnotlookup_hisdeskwhenI_.AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthat_wasverybad.Hetoldmethatthefirm_notaffordtopay_largesalaries._peoplehadalreadyleft.Iknewthat_turnhadcome.Isaid_aweakvoice:“Mr.Harmsworth.”Buthetoldmenotto_him.Thenhe_andtoldmeIwould_anextrathousandpounds_year!,secretary,would,nervous,went,from,entered,business,could,such,Twenty,my,in,interrupt,smiled,receive,a,Mr.HarmsworthtoldsecretarywouldmeseeThethat,ThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.,Would在这里不单单指过去将来时，更表示想，要,T:你想加入我们吗？,Wouldyouliketojoinus？,当我走进他办公室时，我感到非常紧张。,IfeltverynervouswhenIwentintohisoffice.,当老师走进教室的时候，学生们正在大声说话。,Studentsweretalkingloudlywhentheteacherwentintoclassroom.,HedidnotlookupfromhisdeskwhenIentered.,lookup表示先埋头干什么，之后抬头看。,look词组大比拼,看着,照料,小心,查阅,盼望,看上去像,调查,寻找,俯视；轻视,仰望，尊敬,看穿,检查,lookabout四下环顾；查看lookafter照顾，看管lookaround东张西望lookat注视，着眼于lookback回顾lookfor寻找；期待，期望lookdownon俯视；轻视lookforwardto盼望，期待lookinto窥视；调查；浏览looklike看起来象lookon旁观；面向lookout向外看；注意；当心，堤防lookover从上面看过去；检查lookupto仰望，尊敬lookthrough透过，看去；看穿；浏览,AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.after引导的时间状语从句。hadsatdown是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时hesaid:”businessisverybad”直引afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout,Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.,paysalaries:支付薪水collectsalary:领薪水,Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.,Myturnhascome.（书面语）Itsmyturn.（口语）,so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。,1.后接单数可数名词时，词序不同。so的词序为：so+adj.+a（an）+n.such的词序为:such+a（an）+adj.+n.它们可以表达同样的意思，可以进行同义改写。soniceacoat=suchanicecoatsuchaninterestingbook=sointerestingabook,2.后接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.suchbeautifulflowerssuchcleverchildrensuchsweetwater,3.复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。somanybookssofewpeoplesomuchmoneysolittlemilk,Practice:用so,such填空,1.Heis_agoodstudentthatwealllikehim.2.Heis_goodastudentthatwealllikehim.3.Itwas_badweatherthathehadtostayathome.4.Ivehad_manyfallsthatImblackandblueallover.5.Thestoryis_amusingthateveryoneisamused.Itis_anamusingstorythateveryone.Itis_amusingastorythateveryone.,such,such,such,so,so,so,so,Lesson15Grammar直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech,1.Hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.2.Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.3.Hesaid:“Dontinterrupt.”4.HesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear!,直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech,直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”;用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”;直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。,如:Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingverymuch.”Johnsaidthathelikedreadingverymuch.,HesaidthatHetoldme间接引语在把直接引语改为间接引语时，除了用动词say以外，还可用动词tell，后面可跟人名或代词作间接宾语，然后是以that引导的引语作直接宾语。,say+所说内容tell+sb+所说内容,1.时态变化,1).时态需要变化：2).时态不需要变化：,1）如果引述动词是过去时,引语应该作相应的变化.,a)一般现在时改为一般过去时：“IneverworkonSundays,”shesaid.,=ShesaidthatsheneverworkedonSundays.,b)现在进行时改为过去进行时：“Itisntraining,”shetoldme.,=Shetoldmethatitwasntraining.,c)一般将来时改为过去将来时：“Illtellyouaveryfunnystory,”shesaid.,=Shesaidthatshewouldtellmeaveryfunnystory.,d)现在完成时改为过去完成时：“Ihavejustheardthenews,”hesaid.,=hesaidthathehadjustheardthenews.,e)一般过去时改为过去完成时：“Ibrokethewindow,”Tomsaid.,=Tomsaidthathehadbrokenthewindow.,2).时态不需要变化：,a.直接引语中是：.客观真理：“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”saidtheteacher.Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.有具体的过去年月日：XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.,.过去完成时：Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.过去进行时：Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.,.情态动词没有过去时的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已经是过去时的形式时(could,should,would,might)：Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.,.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.一般现在时(真理)：Hesaid,“Imaboy,notagirl.”Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.,b.主句时态(引号外句子)是：.一般现在时。如：Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.一般将来时。如：Shewillsay,“Illdoittomorrow.”Shewillsaythatshelldoitthenextday.,2.人称变化,(一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”),1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如：.Theysaid,“Wewillgotherebybus.”Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.Shesaid“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”Shesaid(that)hersisterwantedtogowithher.,2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：.Shesaidtome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”SheaskedmeifIwasinterestedinscience.HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.Shesaid,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.,3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：.Hismothersaidtome,“Hecantgotoschool.”Hismothertoldmethathecouldntgotoschool.MrSmithsaid,Jacksbrotherisagoodworker.MrSmithsaidJacksbrotherwasagoodworker.,3.指示代词变化,1).this-thatHesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these-thoseHesaid,Thesebooksaremine.“Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.,4.时间状语变化,1).now-thenHesaid,“Iamverybusynow.”Hesaidhewasverybusythen.2).today-thatdayKittysaid“Illcallagainaftersuppertoday.”Kittysaidshewouldcallagainaftersupperthatday.,3).tonight-thatnightShesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.4).thisweek(month,etc)-thatweek(month,etc)“Iwilltakethedictionaryhomewithmethisweek,”hesaid.Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionaryhomewithhimthatweek.5).yesterday-thedaybeforeHesaid,“Iboughtabikeyesteray.”Hesaidthathehadboughtabikethedaybefore.,6).yestersaymorning-themorningbeforeHesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”Hesaidhehadarrivedthemorningbefore.7).thedaybeforeyesterday-twodaysbeforeHesaid,“Isawafilmthedaybeforeyesteray.”Hesaidthathehadseenafilmtwodaysbefore.8).lastweek(month,etc)-theweek(month,etc)beforeShesaid,“HeleftforShanghailastweek.”ShesaidthathehadleftforShanghaitheweekbefore.,9).tomorrow-thenext(following)dayShesaid,“Illdoittomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextday.10).tomorrowmorning-thenext(following)morningShesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”Shesaidthathersisterwouldbebackthenextmorning.11).thedayaftertomorrow-intwodaystimeShesaidtome,“IwillvisitShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.”ShetoldmethatshewouldvisitShanghaiintwodaystime.,12).nextweek(month,etc)-thenext(following)week(month,etc)Heasked,“Whereisshegoingnextweek?”Heaskedherwhereshewasgoingthenextweek.13).a/oneyear(twoyears)ago-a/oneyear(twoyears)before“Whathappenedtohertwoyearsago?”heasked.Heasked(her)whathadhappenedtohertwoyearsbefore.,5.地点状语变化,1).here-there如：Hesaid,“Illcomeheretonight.”Hesaidhewouldgotherethatnight.如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的here不必改变：,6.动词变化,1).bring-takeHesaid,“Iwillbringthedictionarytoyoutonight.”Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionarytomethatnight.2).come-goPetersaid.“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,3).can-couldTomsaid,“Icanswimacrossthisriver.”Tomsaidthathecouldswimthatriver.4).may-mightMarysaidtoJim,“Youmaygohomenow.”MarytoldJimthathemightgohomethen.,5).must-hadto(wouldhaveto)如：“Youmuststayinbedforafewdays,”saidthedoctor.ThedoctortoldmethatIhadtostayinbedforafewdays.,(如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的(come,here,today,thismorning,yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改变：Bobswifesaid,“Bob,youforgotyourwalletthismorning.”BobswifetoldBobthatheforgothiswalletthismorning.,2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用whether或if引导。主句中的动词是said时改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”Eg.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?”themotheraskedtheboy.,HeaskedmewhetherIwasastudent.,Themotheraskedtheboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.,Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.,2）特殊疑问句。仍用原来的疑问词引导。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”3.祈使句。句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosthEg.“Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst,”theteachersaidtous.,Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.,Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.,练一练,1.Shesaid,“IoftengotothebeachonSunday.”Shesaid_tothebeach2.Hesaidtome,“Areyoulearningdancing?”He_me_learningdancing.3.MrZhangsaid,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrZhangsaid_light_fasterthansound.4.“WheredoesLindacomefrom?”sheasked.Sheasked_from.5.Ourteachersaidtous,“Cometoschoolearly.”Ourteacher_us_toschoolearly.,thatsheoftenwent,askedifIwas,thattravels,whereLindacame,toldtocome,练一练,6.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?Couldyoutellus_Mr.Brown_livinginChina?7.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp8.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_thetrain_.9.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday.10.Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellmehow_onwith_newclassmates?,ifenjoys,ifneeded,whenleaves,ifcame,hegetshis,相信你能行,1.Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrinkwiththem.,2.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are,3.SheaskedLindaif_goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay,4.Canyoutellme_youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that,5.Pleasetellme_lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked,6.Hesaid_therewasgoingtobeameetingthatevening.A.whatB.ifC.thatD.how,7.Heaskedme_toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose,A.took,B.take,C.takes,D.willtake,A,C,B,C,D,C,C,自我测试,1.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.whetherhellcomeD.ifhecomes2.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where3.Tomaskedmyfriend_.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry4.Letmetellyou_.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar5.Didyouknow_?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter,C,D,D,D,A,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)ityester