高考专题精讲--名词性从句

名词性从句,台湾属于中国。TaiwanbelongstoChina.我们都知道台湾属于中国。WeallknowthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.事实是台湾属于中国。ThetruthisthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.台湾属于中国是地球人都知道的。ThatTaiwanbelongstoChinaisknowntoall.我们都知道这个事实台湾属于中国。WeallknowthetruththatTaiwanbelongstoChina.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,谓语动词之后：宾语从句,系动词之后:表语从句,动词之前：主语从句,抽象名词之后：同位语从句,一定义：名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，同位语的从句。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二名词性从句的基本形式“连接词+正常陈述句语序”eg.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.随堂练习（TorF）：Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),F,T,Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),T,F,高考链接（2006上海春）Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder_.A.howmuchcosttheyB.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost（2010上海37）Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow_.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlandD.whichlaneisheentering,三名词性从句的连接词,1Thathewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,主语从句在句中做主语的名词性从句成为主语从句,常考点清单一,一that从句作主语时，常用it做形式主语，常见句型：(1)It+be+形容词(likely/possible/important/clear/necessary/true/certain)+that从句eg.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(2)It+be+名词词组(nowonder/anhonor/agoodthing/apity/nosurprise)+that从句eg.Itsnosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.(3)It+be+过去分词(said/reported/thought/expected/decided)+that从句eg.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.,二主语从句与主句谓语动词一致性问题(1)单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.whenandwhereweshallmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.(2)由and连接两个或两个以上连接词引导同一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。(3)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时谓语动词用复数。结论：主语从句做主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于有几个主语从句而非几个连接词。,高考链接(1)（2009天津7）Itisobvioustothestudents_theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.asB.whichC.whetherD.that(2)(2008上海)Ithasbeenproved_eatingvegetableinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what(3)(2006辽宁)_makestheshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever(4)(2002上海春)_fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which(5)(2003上海)Itisprettywellunderstood_controltheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.thatB.whenC.whatD.how,prep.,v.,Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatched.Pollydidntknowwhichwaysheshouldgo.Iminterestedinwhothattallmanis.TherewasadiscussionaboutwhetherPollyhadfoundtheblindman.Hewasdisappointedthathefailedtogetthemasterdegree(硕士学位).Areyousurethatyoullgetthereintime?,宾语从句：当名词性从句在复合句中做谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词和介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。,adj.,宾语从句,常考点清单二,一it做形式宾语的情况在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think,make,consider,find等，可以用it做形式宾语。”think/make/consider/find+it+that-clause”eg.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。Weconsiderthatheshouldimprovehispronunciationnecessary.Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgiveup.二that在宾语从句中的省略与保留。（1）在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwedonottelllies.（2）由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,三介词后的that宾语从句（1）that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可以做except，in的宾语。eg.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlebitcareless.他是一个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。Hedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在读书上。（2）其他介词后需要用that做宾语时，必须用it做形式主语。eg.Youmaydepend/countonitthatIshallalwayshelpyou.你要相信我会一直帮助你的。Pleaseseetoitthat(makesurethat)youbringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.出门时，务必带够钱。,高考链接(1)（2006湖南）Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_hewasamanofaction.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether(2)(2008浙江)Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom_theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one(3)(2004全国)Wecannotfigureout_quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when(4)(2007湖南）Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where,MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhome.Thatsbecausethereisabigthickfog.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.,表语从句放在连系动词之后的名词性从句。对主语进行解释说明。,常考点清单三,一当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句的连接词常用that，不用because;句型：“Thereasonisthat”。eg.Thereasonforhislyinginbedisthathefelloffhisbikeonhiswaytoschool.他躺在床上的原因是由于他在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来。,高考链接(1)(2010上海36)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.thatB.howC.whatD.why(2)(2000上海)_shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.what;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that(3)(2003上海)_madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because(4)(2008天津)Thelasttimewehadfunwas_wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.whereB.howC.whenD.why,定义：同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接词what/when/where/why/how/whether等。eg.Theideathatweshouldhavemoreindustryinthisareaisagoodone.Ihavenoideawhentheycametovisitmyhometown.WehavenodoubtthatMr.Whitewillturnuptonight.,同位语从句,常考点清单四,一间隔式同位语从句同位语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。但是当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分较短时，可以把谓语动词放在先行词后面，使同位语从句和先行词隔开，以免头重脚轻的现象。eg.WordcamethatthewarbrokeoutinIraq.TheyspreadthelieeverywherethatIstolethenecklace.高考链接（2009江西33）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists_theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.whatB.whichC.thatD.though二定语从句和同位语从句的区别（1）同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。,（2）定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分（主，宾，表），充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。eg.Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.随堂练习：（1）Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.（2）Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,常清考点五连接词的选用,一that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语，表语和定语,一般译成“所的”。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，没有中文含义。随堂练习（that/what）:1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,what,that,二特殊疑问词引导名词性从句特殊疑问词在引导名词性从句的同时,常保留本身疑问的含义,是指具体的人或物，是特指的概念。特殊疑问词+ever也可以引导名词性从句，如：whatever,whichever,whoever。翻译成“无论”是指任何人或物，无范围可言，是泛指的概念。eg.whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.whowillgiveusatalkisunknowntousall.链接高考：（）(2009海南24)CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever（）(2006北京29)Couldyoudomeafavor?Itdependson_itis.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever,anyonewho,anyone/anythingthat,anythingthat,三if和whether的选用,(1)whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.eg.Idontknowwhethertogo.(2)whetheror(not)连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.eg.Idontknowwhetherornotheiswell.(3)肯定形式的的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的名词性从句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的名词性从句。eg.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthefirstprize.(同位语从句)Idoubtwhether/ifitstrue.（宾语从句）Idontdoubtthatyouarehonest.(宾语从句)高考链接(2005天津2)Elephanthavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what,ThankYou!,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,不能使用if的情况：,IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,if和whether的选用,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,二、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+连接词+从句,fact,idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等,whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/whether/where/how,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,AttributiveorAppositive,HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为(should)+do。,1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimwas_heoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentwas_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,主语,表语,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,宾语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,同位语,1._thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.What