《耳部解剖生理》PPT课件

耳部解剖和生理Earanatomyandphysiology,GNResoundAsiaTradepromotion&TrainingDept.,Earfunction,A-听觉功能B-平衡功能HearingfunctionBalancefunction,Hearingfunction,Theorganofhearing,(Zemlin,1988pp.460),PeripheralandCentral,Peripheralear,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1979),Theexternalear外耳,TheAuricle耳廓功能：收集声音,Concha耳甲腔,Helix耳轮,Anti-helix对耳轮,Anti-tragus对耳屏,Tragus耳屏,TheEarcanal耳道功能：耳道共振S型，长2.53.5cm，直径0.7cm，铅笔粗细,Themiddleear中耳功能：换能器、放大器（27dB）、保护耳蜗,TheEardrum鼓膜功能：传音、放大,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1987),TheEardrum鼓膜宽8mm高9mm厚0.1mm,Theossicles听小骨、听骨链功能：利用杠杆原理将声能转成机械能,(Zemlin,1988pp.445),锤骨Malleus砧骨Incus镫骨Stapes人体中最小的骨头,Themiddleearmuscles中耳肌功能：减少大声对内耳的伤害鼓膜张肌和镫骨肌是人体最小的肌肉,(Engstrm&Engstrm,1979),TheEustachiantube咽鼓管功能：维持鼓室内外气压平衡、防止感染,Eustachiantube耳咽管,长3539mm，小儿减半，鼓室口高于咽口2025mm，小儿较短、管腔较大、近水平,The“stiletto”principle,(Zemlin,1988pp.457),Leveractionprinciple,Hearingprocess,Airconduction气导OutearMiddleearInnerearNerveCentrumSoundSkull,Boneconduction骨导,Theinnerear内耳,Theinnerear内耳包括：半规管、前庭、耳蜗,Histologyclassification,Cruscommune,Ampullamembranaceasuperior,Utriculus,Ducusendolymphaticus,Sacculus,Scalatympani,Ducuscochlearis,Scalavestibuli,Ducuscochlearis,Helicotrema,FenestracochleaeRoundwindow,Ducusreuniens,FenestravestibuliOvalwindow,Ampullamembranaceaposterior,Cristaampullaposterior,Ampullamembranacealateralis,Ampullamembranaceasuperrior,Ampullamembranacealateralis,Theinnerear内耳,Thecochlea耳蜗,Theuncoiledcochlea,(Zemlin,1988pp.465),Theuncoiledcochlea,Crosssectionofcochlea,Crosssectionofcochlea,Crosssectionofthechanne,CrosssectionoftheorganofCorti,Inneruandouterhaircells,InnerHairCellStereocilia3500个内毛细胞,OuterHairCellStereocilia12000个外毛细胞,FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能将机械性声音信号转换成生物电信号,FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能,CrosssectionoftheorganofCorti,OutHairCell,OutHairCell,OutHairCell,Electricity,Ioniccurrentflows,InnerHairCell,CochlaDynamicsetanatomie,3000HzTone,Apex,Base,300HzTone,Auditorycentralnervoussystem,Hearingprocess,大脑颞叶,大脑颞叶,外侧丘系,外侧丘系,上橄榄体,上橄榄体,耳蜗核,耳蜗核,耳蜗毛细胞,耳蜗毛细胞,左,右,内侧膝状体,内侧膝状体,BraincortexCochlearHaircell,1、听觉功能,2、平衡功能,由前庭系和人的视觉及本体感觉系统共同完成的。,例如：前庭功能稍弱时，就将导致晕车！,声波,1.声波震动鼓膜,2.鼓膜牵动中耳内的听骨，把震动加以放大及传到内耳的卵