反渗透技术讲座

Seminar(1),Technical Seminar,Membrane Structure膜的结构 General Concept基本概念 Operation Consideration操作指南 Scaling & Fouling结垢与污染 Trouble Shooting故障排除 Analysis水质分析,技术讲座,Seminar(1),Structure of TFC RO Membrane,Ultrathin Barrier Layer超薄的分离层,0.20.3,5070,Micro-porous Poly-sulfone聚醚砜,Reinforcing Fabrics-支撑无纺布(NOT be Seen),120,SEM ( x1000 ),反 渗 透 膜 的 结 构,Seminar(1),Roughness Morphology Morphology of Membrane was studied by AFM,Rav (nm) BE:78.9, FE:75.4, BL:55.6, FL:68.2,Seminar(1),Membrane Selectivity 膜的选择,t,i,o,n,U,l,t,r,a,f,i,l,t,r,a,t,i,o,n,电子显微镜,光学显微镜,肉眼可见,微米,分子量,离子类型,膜的类型,可溶盐,反渗透,糖,金属离子,病毒,碳,油乳化液,细菌,胶体,蛋白质/酶,人类头发,沙,纳滤,超滤,微滤,微粒过滤器,Seminar(1),Categories of Cross-flow membrane Filtration错流过滤膜的分类,Seminar(1),Spiral Wound (Unfold The Element) 卷式膜解剖图,Seminar(1),Selectivity Membrane Element 选择膜元件,Seminar(1),STORAGE 膜的保存,Storage condition-保存条件 Storage Temp : -4 to 45 deg C-保存温度：-445 Storage period : below 6 months-保存时间：6个月 Inspect The Biological Every 3 Months-每3个月检查 Stop The System-系统停止运行 Short Period (Below 1week) -短期（1周内） - Flush The Ro System With Feed Water-用原水冲洗系统 Long Period (Above 1month) -长期（1个月以上） - Clean In Place-就地清洗（CIP) - Fill The Solution-充满保护液 - Change The Solution Every 30 Days-每30天更换保护液 - Prevent to freeze, fill with PG 10% (Room Temp:5 deg C) 防止结冰，用10%丙二醇溶液浸泡，室温5 (propylene glycol),Seminar(1),P,* Index 标示 T: Temperature温度, P: Pressure压力, C: Feed concentration浓度 , R: Recovery回收率,Flux,Rej.,P,T,T,Flux,Rej.,C,Flux,Rej.,C,R,R,Flux,Rej.,Performance Tendency According To The Factor性能曲线,General RO Performance,流量,脱盐率,Seminar(1),Consideration Of Operation 操作注意事项,Water analysis水分析 Predict the scalants 预测难溶盐结垢 Selection cleaning chemical选择清洗药剂 Pretreatment equipment-预处理设备 Feed pressure进水压力, Temperature温度, Flow 流量 Anti-scalants 阻垢, Residual chlorine 余氯, conductivity电导率 NTU浊度,SDI污染指数,ORP氧化还原电位, pH Record Data- Log Sheet 记录数据 Date日期, performance data运行数据, CIP清洗,Seminar(1),Typical Water Analysis Concerns典型水分析关系, Surfactants, Anionic Polymers, Cationic Polymers,Seminar(1),Design Limit-设计极限,最大水通量,最大回收率,污染指数,水 源,Seminar(1),M,a,x,i,m,u,m,F,e,e,d,F,l,o,w,M,i,n,i,m,u,m,C,o,n,c,e,n,t,r,a,n,t,o,n,F,l,o,w,E,e,l,m,e,n,t,2,.,5,4,.,0,8,.,0,2,.,5,4,.,0,8,.,0,U,n,i,t,g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),g,p,m,(,m,3,/,h,r,),R,O,/,U,F,P,e,r,m,e,a,t,e,6,(,1,.,3,),1,8,(,4,.,1,),7,0,(,1,6,),0,.,5,(,0,.,1,1,),2,(,0,.,5,),8,(,1,.,8,),W,e,l,l,W,a,t,e,r,/,S,o,f,t,e,n,e,d,S,u,p,p,l,y,6,(,1,.,3,),1,8,(,4,.,1,),6,2,(,1,4,),1,(,0,.,2,2,),4,(,0,.,9,),1,6,(,3,.,6,),S,o,f,t,e,n,e,d,S,u,r,f,a,c,e,S,u,p,p,l,y,6,(,1,.,3,),1,8,(,4,.,1,),6,0,(,1,4,),1,(,0,.,2,2,),4,(,0,.,9,),1,6,(,3,.,6,),S,u,r,f,a,c,e,S,u,p,p,l,y,6,(,1,.,3,),1,8,(,4,.,1,),5,5,(,1,2,),1,(,0,.,2,2,),4,(,0,.,9,),1,6,(,3,.,6,),F,i,l,t,e,r,e,d,T,e,r,t,i,a,r,y,E,f,f,l,u,e,n,t,6,(,1,.,3,),1,8,(,4,.,1,),5,0,(,1,1,),1,(,0,.,2,2,),4,(,0,.,9,),1,6,(,3,.,6,),Del P/ Design Limit 设计极限,Maximum Pressure Drop per Element -15 psig/ Element单只膜压降15psi Maximum Pressure Drop per Vessel - 60 psig / 6E,Vessel单只膜管压降60psi Maximum Feed Flow/Minimum Concentrate Flow per Vessel -最大进水量/最小浓排量（单只膜管）,最大进水流量,最小浓水排放量,元件,单位,Seminar(1),Installation 安装,Cleaning the Vessel, Piping, Tank (If need, Sanitary ) -清洗膜壳、管路、水箱 Shimming Spacer : 2-3mm thickness调整垫：2-3毫米 Insert spacers to adapters at feed end O-ring & Brine Seal Check检查O形环和浓水密封圈 Thrust ring at Tail-end Side-在一端装上O形环,Seminar(1),Initial Start-Up 开始安装,Check List 检查清单 Multi-media filter and cartridge filter. 多介质过滤器和保安过滤器 Chemical dozing line and valves. 化学加药管线和阀门 Installation & Calibration instrumentation. 安装和校准仪表 Pressure relief protection. 减压保护 Initial Feed Flow is limited to less than 50% of operating feed flow. -初始流量为工作流量的50%,Seminar(1),Start-Up Sequence 调试顺序,The pretreatment section should thoroughly rinsed前处理充分冲洗 Correct the all valve setting 调整所有阀门位置 Expel the air out of the vessel (leak check)排空膜壳内气体（查漏) Valve Control (Feed, Concentrate)阀门位置调整（进水、浓水）,Seminar(1),System Start-Up 系统调试,Alarms or shut downs报警和停机 Low inlet pressure 进水压力过低 High feed pressure 进水压力过高 High feed temperature 进水温度过高 High permeate pressure 渗透压过高 High TDS or SDI 高TDS或 高SDI High ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) 氧化还原电位高 Low concentrate flow 浓水流量过小,Seminar(1),System Operation 系统操作,Data log 数据的记录 Pretreatment systems 预处理系统 RO operating data RO系统数据 Maintenance log 维护保养记录 Data normalization 数据标准化 Real performance vs. reference performance 实际运行和参考数据 Permeate flow, differential pressure, salt rejection-纯水流量、压力降、 脱盐率 Fouling, chemical damage, mechanical failure Hydraulic plugging -污染、化学损害、机械故障、水力阻塞,Seminar(1),System Operation 系统操作,Biological activity check points生物活性控制点 Intake 入口 After clarifier 澄清池后 After filtration 过滤后 After de-chlorination 还原余氯后 Concentrate 浓水 Permeate 纯水,Seminar(1),Typical RO System Process 典型反渗透流程,x,x,x,x,x,x,X :Check point 控制点,x,NaOCl杀菌剂,SBS亚硫酸氢钠 H2SO4硫酸,Antiscalant,澄清池,多介质过滤器,软化,活性炭过滤器,脱气塔,精密过滤器,阻垢剂,高压泵,反渗透,脱气塔,储存罐,抛光管路,树脂阱,初步去离子,可选,Seminar(1),Boundary Layer 分离边界层,Transmission Mechanism 过滤机理简图,渗透水,RO膜,Seminar(1),MEMBRANE膜,MEMBRANE 膜层,FEED进水,CONC浓水,Where Scaling & Fouling Occur 污染和结垢发生地方,Scaling 结垢,Seminar(1),Where Scaling & Fouling Occur结垢和污染产生的地方,MEMBRANE膜,MEMBRANE膜,FEED进水,CONC浓水,Bio-fouling 生物污染,Seminar(1),FEED进水,Where Scaling & Fouling Occur结垢和污染产生的地方,MEMBRANE膜,MEMBRANE膜,CONC浓水,Colloidal Fouling 胶体污染,Seminar(1),Scaling Symptoms/Removal 结垢的特征和清除,Scaling Symptoms 结垢特征 Decreased salt rejection, esp. last stage脱盐率下降，如最后一段 Increase pressure drop, esp. last stage 压降增加，如最后一段 Decreased Norm. Permeate flow 正常产水量下降 Removal 去除 Low pH , and/ or chelate 低pH值、螯合性的 Warm temperature较高温度 Carbonate, Bicarbonate Removal去除碳酸盐和重碳酸盐,Seminar(1),Bio fouling Symptoms/Removal生物污染特征和清除,Living or Once-Living Particles 活性和非活性粒子 Bacteria, Fungi, Algae 细菌、真菌、海藻 Bio-fouling symptoms生物污染特征 Increased salt rejection initially 脱盐率降低 Increase pressure drop 压降增加 Decreased Norm. Permeate flow 流量降低 Removal 去除方法 High pH (11 - 12)高pH值 Hot temperature较高温度 High flow rate 大流量 Detergent 清洗剂,Seminar(1),Colloidal Fouling Symptoms/Removal污染症状/清除,Non-living Particles非活性粒子 Bacteria, Fungi, Algae 细菌、真菌、藻类 Colloidal fouling symptoms 污染症状 Slightly Decreased salt rejection initially, much greater later -脱盐率最初稍微降低，然后很快下降 Increase pressure drop-压力降增加 Decreased Norm. Permeate flow-产品水流量减少 Removal 清除 High pH (11 - 12)高Ph值 Hot temperature 较高的温度 High flow rate 大流量 Detergent 清洗剂,Seminar(1),Iron ,Zinc,Metallic金属性的,Chloride ,Sulfate氯化物、硫酸盐,like salt,Tastes味觉,Iron,red/orange,Aluminum Al,grey,Manganese Mn,dark brown/black,Color ,Iron Fe,brown/red,Copper Cu,blue/green,Strains菌株,Fluoride氟化物,spotting and motting of teeth,CaCO3,my clothes,CaCO3, TDS,Glassware ,dishes ,flatware,Spots污点,MTBE,like sweet solvent芳香剂,Selenium(+6)硒,like sewage下水道,Odor臭味,like rotten eggs臭鸡蛋,Barium, Cadmium钡、镉,like fish类似鱼腥,Chlorine Cl,like bleach类似漂白粉,Smells气味,CaCO3,whitish scale白垢,CaCO3,soap scum, bathtub rings,Deposit沉淀,Iron Fe,reddish/orange红橙,Manganese Mn,dark brown/black黑褐,Copper Cu,blue/green青绿,Color颜色,Results起因,Symptoms症状,Scaling Symptoms/Removal结垢特征和清除,Seminar(1),Trouble shooting matrix故障排除表,Increase Decrease Normal -,Seminar(1),CIP (Cleaning in Place) Diagram清洗流程图,MF,DP,FI,PI,Tank容器,pump泵,Recirculation 循 环,TI,pH,Perm water 纯水,PI,Heater加热器,精密过滤器,Seminar(1),CIP (Cleaning in Place)现场清洗,Timing for CIP 安排时间进行清洗 Loss of 10 to 15% in normalized permeate flow -正常产品水量下降10-15% Increase of 10 to 15% in normalized differential pressure -压降增加10-15% Decrease of 1 to 2% in salt rejection脱盐率下降1-2% Volume of CIP solution 清洗溶液的容积 Volume of pressure vessels and return pipes -压力容器和回水管路的容积,Seminar(1),CIP (Cleaning in Place)现场清洗,Important factors for efficient CIP 高效CIP的重要因素 Flow rate (9 m3/hr, 8” vessel) 流量 Feed pressure (lowest pressure possible)进水压力（可能低的压力） Temperature 温度 Chemical concentration化学药品浓度 CIP method 清洗方法 Choosing cleaning chemicals 选择清洗药剂 Performance data analysis 运行数据分析 Feed water analysis原水分析 CIP history check以往清洗记录检查 Analysis of foulant filtered by SDI membrane SDI值分析污染指数 Cartridge deposit analysis 容器沉淀物分析 Inspection feed end of element & inner surface of feed line tubing 检查元件进水末端和进水管路内表面,Seminar(1),CIP (Cleaning in Place )现场清洗,CIP (cleaning in place) procedure清洗程序 Chemical preparation (concentration, pH, temperature)药剂的准备 Low flow pumping(4 m3/hr, 8” vessel) 低流量泵 (drain water until chemical is found in concentrate)排放直至浓水中有药剂 Recycle concentrate to cleaning tank (9 m3/hr, 8” vessel)浓水循环清洗水箱 Soaking 浸泡 High flow pumping : Circulation(9 m3/hr, 8” vessel)大流量泵循环 Rinse 冲洗 Order of use for cleaning solutions 清洗方法的顺序 Acid cleaning : inorganic fouling 酸洗：无机物污染 Alkaline cleaning : organic & biological fouling碱洗：有机物和生物污染 Multiple fouling 多种污染 Alkaline cleaning followed by acid cleaning先酸洗，再碱洗,* Iron fouling : Iron cleaning before alkaline cleaning 碱洗之前先除铁清洗* Silica : Ammo