简单句-并列句和复合句

简单句、并列句和复合句句子种类:按句子的用途可分四种：1) 陈述句(肯定句、否定句) ：He is a lovely boy. She didnt work hard before.2) 疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)：Do you like skating? How much is it? Is he six or seven years old? Lucy can play the piano, cant she?3) 祈使句：Be on time, please! Dont arrive late for school!4) 感叹句：How hard-working they are! What a nice girl she is! How time flies!按句子的结构可分三种：1) 简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 。He often reads English in the morning.一主语，一谓语Tom and Mike are American boys.并列主语，一谓语She likes writing and often writes articles for newspapers.一主语，并列谓语简单句的五种基本句型(其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。) 主谓: He left. 主谓宾: Henry bought a dictionary. 主谓双宾: My father bought me a car. 主谓宾补: Tom made the baby laugh. 主系表: He is a student.主语: 句子说明的人或事物。谓语: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。表语: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。宾语：1. 动作的承受者动宾。2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾。补语：宾补，对宾语的补充。主补，对主语的补充。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词。状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。2) 并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.并列句的分类表并列。 常用连词有and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等。 The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.He could neither read nor write.He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.表选择。 常用连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 Hurry up, or youll miss the train.Either you didnt understand this, or you were not careful表转折。 常用连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.表因果，常用连词有so, for, therefore等。 August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.He hurried, for it was getting dark. He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him3) 复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句) 、定语从句和状语从句等。从句就是一个从句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。 1.主语从句 用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。(1)由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。 如: What she likes is watching the children play Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed (2)that引导 It is tight that you told him the truth (3)由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。 如：Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided (4)主语从句后移主语从句虽然可以放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓 语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句放到句子后边。 如：It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong 2. 表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho 等连接词引导。 (1) if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引导表语从句。 如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others. It looks as if its going to rain (2) what, which, who等连接代词。 如: That is what I want to tell you The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one (3)how, when, where, why等连接副词。 如：The question is how we can help him That is why he has been late3. 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。及物动词的宾语Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees.短语动词的宾语Please go and find out when the train will arrive.介词的宾语I am interested in what she is doing.否定的转移I dont suppose youre used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。I dont believe shell arrive before 8.我相信她8点之前不会到。4. 同位从句 一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。I had no idea that you were here.She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.He made a promise that he would never come late.He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there.I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.I have no idea what he is doing now.Its a question how he did it 5.状语从句 地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。1) as, (just) assoAlways do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2) as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)原因状语从句 Because he is very hard-working, he passed the exam.目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导:The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。Lets go out for a walk unlessyou are too tired.If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.让步状语从句 Although its raining, they are still working in the field.Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.Whether you believe it or not, it is true.No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.时间状语从句由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。1.由when, while, just, just as, as，after, before, since, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.(当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。）You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.( 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。)Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.(我们的校长边谈边笑。)When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。He will call you as soon as he arrives there.2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）3.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语动词用将来完成时（主将从现）。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。4.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。练习1初中部分1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. and B. or C. if D. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an4. Let us pass, _?A. shant we B. shall we C. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. then B. but C. and D. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. and B. but C. so D. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. or B. for C. while D. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?- Id like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so12. - “_ is the temperature today?” -“Its 38 degrees.”A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he? - _.A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isnt C. No, he is D. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. or B. so C. for D. yet16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. but B. and C. or D. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.- _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it.A. since B. but C. becauseD. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn22. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whom B. where C. which D. while28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _? - But I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare atD. Watch15 ACADD 610 BCBDC 1115 ADBCC 1620 ABADB 2125 DDDCD 2630 ADDBD练习2高中部分1. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. andB. yetC. soD. but2. - Dont you enjoy helping me? - _ A. Yes, Im afraid not.B. No, sure enough.C. Yes, I do enjoy it.D. No, certainly I do3. In Shenzhou VI, Chinese astronauts are not only spaceship drivers, _ machine repairers and scientists. A. soB. orC. andD. but4. Some people waste a lot of food _ others in the world havent enough to eat. A. afterB. whenC. asD. while5. Stop making so much noise _ the neighbor will start complaining. A. or elseB. but stillC. and thenD. so that6. Mr. Lee never said he hated school when he was a child, _ ? A. was heB. wasnt heC. did heD. didnt he7. There is no light or sound in the house. They must have gone to the cinema, _ ? A. didnt heB. dont theyC. mustnt theyD. havent they8. They were playing in the garden _ they heard a scream. A. whileB. asC. untilD. when9. Mum, Ive reviewed my lessons for a whole day. Let me play the computer games for a little while, _ ? A. shall I B. can I C. will youD. dont you10. _ some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. A. What; howB. That; howC. That; whatD. What; what a11. _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. If walkingB. While walkingC. WalkingD. When one is walking12. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires13. These shoes look very good. I wonder _ . A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost14. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A. whichB. thatC. whenD. why15. _ is often the case, he succeeded in this examination again. A. WhatB. SoC. WhichD. As16. They are discussing in the next room _ will go to the conference on behalf of the manager. A. howeverB. whoC. whatD. whomever17. - Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? - Sure. But when I get back there, the car was gone. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. while18. They began to think about _ could be made of these valuable materials. A. how useB. full useC. betterD. what use19. A good ad often uses words _ people attach positive meanings. A. in whichB. to whichC. whichD. that20. We cant bear the idea that some people might be better than us, _ hard we tried. A. no matterB. howeverC. asD. what21. Its believed that parks are to the city _ lungs are to the body. A. whatB. likeC. thatD. which22. _ our country has so many good table-tennis players, we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game. A. AlthoughB. SinceC. IfD. While23. The Grand Theatre is located on one corner of _ is called the Peoples Square. A. whichB. whatC. the placeD. that24. _ much progress you can make in all your subjects in the future, you should keep modest. A. HoweverB. WhateverC. WhatD. How25. The news _ Shenzhou-6 spaceship safely returned from space on October 17th, 2005 excited all the Chinese people. A. whichB. thatC. /D. what26._ the window, my finger was seriously cut. A. Having cleanedB. To cleanC. While cleaningD. While I was cleaning27. Id like to settle down somewhere _ the climate is mild and the sun shines all year long. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when28. My grandpa sowed the flower seeds in the garden _ it was the best time for them to grow. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until29. They always give the vacant seats to _ comes first. A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever30. I would appreciate it _ you can help me with my English this afternoon. A. becauseB. untilC. whenD. if31. I like to have my photos taken _ there are mountains and rivers. A. thereB. in whichC. whenD. where32. Mr Hopkins has not yet answered my question _ I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. A. that; whichB. that; whereC. whether; thatD. whether; what33. When Edison invented the light bulb, he tried over 2000 experiments _ he got it to work. A. asB. afterC. whenD. before34. I thought he was a warm-hearted and trustworthy person _ I met him. A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD. by the first time35. - How do you find the new job? - I dont care what it is _ I can make a living. A. unlessB. even ifC. whileD. as long as36. I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment. A. neverthelessB. althoughC. in caseD. so that37. He never said that he was good at mathematics, _ ? A. was heB. wasnt heC. did heD. didnt he38. If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know, _ you? A. dontB. willC. shallD. do39. - I reminded you not to forget the appointment. - _ . A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I 40. _ and Ill get the work finished. A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour41. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development. A. in natureB. in returnC. in turnD. in