箱体底部框架结构强度计算

西安嘉业航空科技有限公司箱体底部框架结构强度计算 内容： 一、强度计算说明 二、有限元模型的建立 三、添加材料力学参数 四、有限元模型网格划分 五、边界条件与载荷设置 六、求解结果与分析 七、结论 2017年3月21日 张胜伦一、强度计算说明该包装箱用于某天线的运输包装，以确保天线在存放、运转时的稳定、干燥，使后续的试验能正常顺利地进行，并保证试验过程中产品质量与安全。其主要安装方式为将天线吊装固定于转接板组件上，再将转接板组件固定于包装箱内的运输支撑板上，之后将箱盖吊装于包装箱底框架上，对正箱底对应安装槽，使用锁扣固定箱盖与底框架，完成天线的包装。本次分析主要针对包装箱的转接板和底部焊接框架，分析其变形量和强度、刚度是否满足产品使用要求。下图为为箱体底部框架的结构示意图。图1 包装箱结构示意图 对箱体底部框架的线性静力学强度计算，其过程如下： 1、建立箱体底部框架的结构模型与静力学计算模型； 2、设置箱体底部框架的材料力学性能参数； 3、进行结构化网格划分； 4、编辑合理的边界条件和荷条件； 5、运用线性静态结构求解器进行求解； 6、在后处理模块中加载模型的变形、等效应力情况； 7、根据计算结果，得出结论。经过长时间的求解计算，最终得出箱体底部框架的线性静力学强度计算结果。二、有限元模型的建立 本研究中，由于箱体底部框架的一些零件形状结构比较复杂，所以本研究中在不影响整体就够强度的前提条件下对复杂零件进行简化。忽略对箱体底部框架强度影响较小的零部件如螺栓、螺母、扣减以及包装箱内的物品。如图2，为箱体底部框架的详细设计结构模型。图2 箱体底部框架详细设计模型箱体底部框架的各个零部件均是由焊接、铆钉连接或者螺栓连接，所以零件上存在大量的焊缝、铆钉孔或者螺栓孔，这些焊缝间隙和孔的尺寸相对于箱体底部框架的整体结构而言很小。而大量的间隙和小孔的存在会在很大程度上影响箱体底部框架整体结构的网格划分，且导致求解不收敛，所以在力学模型中大量的焊缝、铆钉孔和螺栓孔被忽略。箱体底部框架整体结构的线性静力学计算中，假设各个连接部位是安全可靠的，连接和焊接牢固且强度远大于零部件材料的屈服强度。而连接部位是否可靠应在连接强度相对薄弱的部位单独进行强度计算。另外，本研究中仅对箱体底部框架自身的重力进行计算。最终建立简化的力学计算模型，如图2所示。图3 箱体底部框架简化结构模型三、添加材料力学参数箱体底部框架结构的材料主要为铝合金，所以为简化计算模型，本研究中将其他附件材料忽略，整体箱体底部框架简化结构模型的材料为均质的铝合金材料。起吊吊钩结构为钢材，所以添加结构钢材料。在ANSYS Workbench 中Engineering Data模块的材料库中添加铝合金（Aluminum Alloy）材料和结构钢（Structural Steel）材料，并在Static Structural-Mechanical模块中为每个箱体底部框架零件模型赋予相应的材料。如下图为材料参数。图4 材料参数四、有限元模型网格划分将以上箱体底部框架简化模型导入ANSYS Workbench中的Design Molder模块中建立有限元模型，如下图所示。图5箱体底部框架的有限元计算模型 箱体底部框架简化模型在结构上均为长方体的拓扑结构，其结构特点比较突出。模型中三维曲线和复杂曲面等异形结构和复杂外形很少，结构化网格生成比较容易。所以本次强度计算中，网格划分方法为结构化网格主导，即以六面体网格单元类型为主导，局部复杂区域采用非结构化网格填补。结构化网格 从严格意义上讲，结构化网格是指网格区域内所有的内部点都具有相同的毗邻单元。结构化网格生成技术有大量的文献资料。结构化网格有很多优点: 1. 它可以很容易地实现区域的边界拟合，适于流体和表面应力集中等方面的计算。 2. 网格生成的速度快。 3. 网格生成的质量好 4. 数据结构简单 5. 对曲面或空间的拟合大多数采用参数化或样条插值的方法得到，区域光滑，与实际的模型更容易接近。结构化网格的生成技术只要有： 代数网格生成方法。主要应用参数化和插值的方法，对处理简单的求解区域十分有效。 PDE网格生成方法。主要用于空间曲面网格的生成。本研究中控制箱体底部框架简化结构所有模型的网格大小不超过30mm，吊钩部分控制器网格大小不超过6mm。如下图为箱体底部框架简化结构模型的网格划分结果，其中网格的节点数为,单元数为24860。图6 箱体底部框架的网格划分结果5、 边界条件与载荷设置 在箱体底部框架的简化力学模型导入ANSYS Workbench中的Design Molder模块后，检查各个零部件是否缺失，各个几何特征是否齐全。设置箱体底部框架与产品运输运输板安装的位置载荷为35000N，箱体底部框架与侧壁板连接处设置载荷为1500N，模型整体施加重力惯性载荷，箱体底部框架与支承零部件连接的部位固定。如下图为箱体底部框架的边界条件与载荷施加的图。图7 箱体底部框架的边界条件与载荷设置 六、求解结果与分析对箱体底部框架的简化模型进行以上材料添加、网格划分、边界条件和载荷施加均设置完毕之后，用求解器进行求解。经过长达4个小时的迭代求解计算，最终求解结果收敛。在ANSYS Workbench的后处理模块中添加其整体变形云图和等效应力云图。最终计算结果为： 箱体底部框架的变形为框架的弯曲变形，最大变形位移为0.11128 mm，最大等效应力为4.4464 MPa。图8 箱体底部框架整体变形云图图9 箱体底部框架等效应力云图 七、结论在箱体底部框架整体结构的线性静力学计算中，假设各个焊接部位、连接部位是安全可靠的前提下，对箱体底部框架简化模型的线性静力学强度计算。1、 得出以下结论：箱体底部框架的整体结构的弯曲变形量为0.11128 mm。箱体底部框架的变形量很小。2、 箱体底部框架在以上等效载荷和边界条件的工况下最大等效应力为4.4464 MPa。不会达到材料的强度极限。所以结构强度符合要求。 说明：由于本人水平有限，本次报告中若有谬误与纰漏，烦请各位经验丰富的工程设计人员批评指正。ProjectFirst SavedMonday, March 20, 2017Last SavedMonday, March 20, 2017Product Version17.0 ReleaseSave Project Before SolutionNoSave Project After SolutionNoContents Units Model (C4) o Geometry Partso Coordinate Systems o Connections Contacts Contact Regionso Mesh Mesh Controlso Static Structural (C5) Analysis Settings Standard Earth Gravity Loads Solution (C6) Solution Information Results Material Data o Aluminum Alloy o Structural SteelUnitsTABLE 1Unit SystemMetric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees rad/s CelsiusAngleDegreesRotational Velocityrad/sTemperatureCelsiusModel (C4)GeometryTABLE 2Model (C4) GeometryObject NameGeometryStateFully DefinedDefinitionSourceE:Jia YeXX-2B包装箱数模-包装箱底框架.stpTypeStepLength UnitMetersElement ControlProgram ControlledDisplay StyleBody ColorBounding BoxLength X1855. mmLength Y1995. mmLength Z142. mmPropertiesVolume3.869e+007 mmMass110.04 kgScale Factor Value1.StatisticsBodies72Active Bodies72NodesElements24860Mesh MetricNoneBasic Geometry OptionsSolid BodiesYesSurface BodiesYesLine BodiesNoParametersYesParameter KeyANS;DSAttributesNoNamed SelectionsNoMaterial PropertiesNoAdvanced Geometry OptionsUse AssociativityYesCoordinate SystemsNoReader Mode Saves Updated FileNoUse InstancesYesSmart CAD UpdateYesCompare Parts On UpdateNoAttach File Via Temp FileYesTemporary DirectoryC:UsersAdministratorAppDataLocalTempAnalysis Type3-DMixed Import ResolutionNoneDecompose Disjoint GeometryYesEnclosure and Symmetry ProcessingYesTABLE 3Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject NamePart 1Part 2Part 3Part 4Part 5Part 6Part 7Part 8taotaotaoStateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyStructural SteelNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X230. mm40. mm34. mmLength Y230. mm10. mm56. mmLength Z10. mm100. mm34. mmPropertiesVolume5.29e+005 mm35979 mm15639 mmMass1.4653 kg0.28243 kg0.12277 kgCentroid X1320. mm10.04 mm1320. mm68.04 mm1262. mm68.038 mm1262. mmCentroid Y-936.99 mm373.01 mm-1214.5 mm650.51 mm-1214.5 mm650.51 mm606.81 mmCentroid Z-106. mm-163. mm-130.99 mm-194.99 mm-130.99 mmMoment of Inertia Ip16471.9 kgmm231.56 kgmm44.639 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip26471.9 kgmm270.58 kgmm17.162 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip312919 kgmm43.729 kgmm44.636 kgmmStatisticsNodes53114911835Elements64224896Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 4Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Nametaotaotaotaotao1-31.11-31.11-31.11-31.1lvtiao1-31lvtiao1-31StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentStructural SteelAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X34. mm16. mm1845. mmLength Y56. mm166. mm20. mmLength Z34. mm80. mm28. mmPropertiesVolume15639 mm73782 mm1.022e+006 mmMass0.12277 kg0.57919 kg2.8309 kgCentroid X1262. mm68.041 mm68.04 mm1262. mm68.04 mm665.04 mmCentroid Y606.81 mm-1170.8 mm639.47 mm-1203.5 mm-1194.5 mm630.55 mmCentroid Z-194.99 mm-130.99 mm-194.99 mm-130.99 mm-194.99 mm-163.01 mm-97. mmMoment of Inertia Ip144.639 kgmm1980.8 kgmm7.8601e+005 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip217.162 kgmm535.75 kgmm279.32 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip344.636 kgmm1463.3 kgmm7.8592e+005 kgmmStatisticsNodelements89674462Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 5Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Namelvtiao1-31lvtiao1-31xingcai1-21.4xingcai1-21.3xingcai1-21.2czb1-20-12czb1-20-12czb1-20-12czb1-20-12jqb1-20-11jqb1-20-11StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X20. mm1855. mm50. mm1855. mm194. mm90. mmLength Y1845. mm50. mm1855. mm50. mm170. mm90. mmLength Z28. mm100. mm12. mm18. mmPropertiesVolume1.022e+006 mm2.0505e+006 mm3.5628e+005 mm1.458e+005 mmMass2.8309 kg5.6798 kg0.9869 kg0.40387 kgCentroid X1577.6 mm-247.5 mm665.04 mm-237.92 mm665.04 mm-172.74 mm1502.8 mm-167.46 mmCentroid Y-281.99 mm620.97 mm-281.99 mm-1185. mm567.34 mm-1131.3 mm567.34 mm-1131.3 mm550.51 mm-1114.5 mmCentroid Z-97. mm-163. mm-219. mm-122. mmMoment of Inertia Ip17.8601e+005 kgmm9573.1 kgmm1.5517e+006 kgmm9573. kgmm3107.6 kgmm283.51 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip2279.32 kgmm1.5517e+006 kgmm9573.1 kgmm1.5516e+006 kgmm1925.2 kgmm283.51 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip37.8592e+005 kgmm1.5468e+006 kgmm5009.1 kgmm545.22 kgmmStatisticsNodes752583034896Elements621080409Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 6Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Namejqb1-20-11jqb1-20-11ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X90. mmLength Y90. mmLength Z18. mm12. mmPropertiesVolume1.458e+005 mm97200 mmMass0.40387 kg0.26924 kgCentroid X1497.5 mm-59.96 mm80.04 mm-59.96 mm80.04 mm1250. mmCentroid Y550.51 mm-1114.5 mm443.01 mm303.01 mm443.01 mm303.01 mm-866.99 mm-1007. mm-866.99 mm-1007. mm443.01 mmCentroid Z-122. mm-119. mmMoment of Inertia Ip1283.51 kgmm184.97 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip2283.51 kgmm184.97 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip3545.22 kgmm363.48 kgmmStatisticsNodes96Elements9Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 7Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Nameban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X90. mm50. mmLength Y90. mm605. mmLength Z12. mm100. mmPropertiesVolume97200 mm6.8728e+005 mmMass0.26924 kg1.9038 kgCentroid X1250. mm1390. mm1250. mm1390. mm10.04 mm446.04 mm884.04 mm1320. mmCentroid Y303.01 mm443.01 mm303.01 mm-866.99 mm-1007. mm-866.99 mm-1007. mm45.511 mmCentroid Z-119. mm-163. mmMoment of Inertia Ip1184.97 kgmm60484 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip2184.97 kgmm3209.1 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip3363.48 kgmm58862 kgmmStatisticsNodes961824Elements9252Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 8Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Namexingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X50. mmLength Y605. mm197.5 mmLength Z100. mmPropertiesVolume6.8728e+005 mm2.2436e+005 mmMass1.9038 kg0.62148 kgCentroid X10.04 mm446.04 mm884.04 mm1320. mm10.04 mm446.04 mm884.04 mm1320. mm10.04 mm446.04 mm884.04 mmCentroid Y-609.49 mm496.76 mm-1060.7 mmCentroid Z-163. mmMoment of Inertia Ip160484 kgmm2808.6 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip23209.1 kgmm1047.6 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip358862 kgmm2279.2 kgmmStatisticsNodes1824648Elements25284Mesh MetricNoneTABLE 9Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject Namexingcai1-23xingcai1-22xingcai1-22xingcai1-22ban1-20-11xingcai1-21StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum AlloyNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X50. mm1755. mm1855. mm50. mmLength Y197.5 mm50. mm1855. mmLength Z100. mm2. mm100. mmPropertiesVolume2.2436e+005 mm1.9937e+006 mm6.882e+006 mm2.0505e+006 mmMass0.62148 kg5.5225 kg19.063 kg5.6798 kgCentroid X1320. mm665.04 mm1568. mmCentroid Y-1060.7 mm-281.99 mm-936.99 mm373.01 mm-281.99 mmCentroid Z-163. mm-112. mm-163. mmMoment of Inertia Ip12808.6 kgmm9309.1 kgmm5.4664e+006 kgmm1.5516e+006 kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip21047.6 kgmm1.4245e+006 kgmm5.4664e+006 kgmm9573. kgmmMoment of Inertia Ip32279.2 kgmm1.4198e+006 kgmm1.0933e+007 kgmm1.5468e+006 kgmmStatisticsNodes6485016275315830Elements8470838441080Mesh 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OriginOrigin X0. mmOrigin Y0. mmOrigin Z0. mmDirectional VectorsX Axis Data 1. 0. 0. Y Axis Data 0. 1. 0. Z Axis Data 0. 0. 1. ConnectionsTABLE 11Model (C4) ConnectionsObject NameConnectionsStateFully DefinedAuto DetectionGenerate Automatic Connection On RefreshYesTransparencyEnabledYesTABLE 12Model (C4) Connections ContactsObject NameContactsStateFully DefinedDefinitionConnection TypeContactScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometryAll BodiesAuto DetectionTolerance TypeSliderTolerance Slider0.Tolerance Value6.8196 mmUse RangeNoFace/FaceYesCylindrical FacesIncludeFace/EdgeNoEdge/EdgeNoPriorityInclude AllGroup ByBodiesSearch AcrossBodiesStatisticsConnections217Active Connections217TABLE 13Model (C4) Connections Contacts Contact RegionsObject NameContact RegionContact Region 2Contact Region 3Contact Region 4Contact Region 5Contact Region 6Contact Region 7Contact Region 8Contact Region 9Contact Region 10Contact Region 11StateFully DefinedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionContact1 FaceTarget1 FaceContact BodiesPart 1Part 2Target Bodiesban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-23xingcai1-22ban1-20-11ban1-21DefinitionTypeBondedScope ModeAutomaticBehaviorProgram ControlledTrim ContactProgram ControlledTrim Tolerance6.8196 mmSuppressedNoAdvancedFormulationProgram ControlledDetection MethodProgram ControlledPenetration ToleranceProgram ControlledElastic Slip ToleranceProgram ControlledNormal StiffnessProgram ControlledUpdate StiffnessProgram ControlledPinball RegionProgram ControlledGeometric ModificationContact Geometry CorrectionNoneTarget Geometry CorrectionNoneTABLE 14Model (C4) Connections Contacts Contact RegionsObject NameContact Region 12Contact Region 13Contact Region 14Contact Region 15Contact Region 16Contact Region 17Contact Region 18Contact Region 19Contact Region 20Contact Region 21Contact Region 22StateFully DefinedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionContact1 FaceTarget1 FaceContact BodiesPart 2Part 3Target Bodiesban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-23xingcai1-22ban1-20-11ban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-23DefinitionTypeBondedScope ModeAutomaticBehaviorProgram ControlledTrim ContactProgram ControlledTrim Tolerance6.8196 mmSuppressedNoAdvancedFormulationProgram ControlledDetection MethodProgram ControlledPenetration ToleranceProgram ControlledElastic Slip ToleranceProgram ControlledNormal StiffnessProgram ControlledUpdate StiffnessProgram ControlledPinball RegionProgram ControlledGeometric ModificationContact Geometry CorrectionNoneTarget Geometry CorrectionNoneTABLE 15Model (C4) Connections Contacts Contact RegionsObject NameContact Region 23Contact Region 24Contact Region 25Contact Region 26Contact Region 27Contact Region 28Contact Region 29Contact Region 30Contact Region 31Contact Region 32Contact Region 33StateFully DefinedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionContact1 FaceTarget1 FaceContact BodiesPart 3Part 4Part 5Target Bodiesxingcai1-22ban1-20-11ban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-23xingcai1-22ban1-20-11taoDefinitionTypeBondedScope ModeAutomaticBehaviorProgram ControlledTrim ContactProgram ControlledTrim Tolerance6.8196 mmSuppressedNoAdvancedFormulationProgram ControlledDetection MethodProgram ControlledPenetration ToleranceProgram ControlledElastic Slip ToleranceProgram ControlledNormal StiffnessProgram ControlledUpdate StiffnessProgram ControlledPinball RegionProgram ControlledGeometric ModificationContact Geometry CorrectionNoneTarget Geometry CorrectionNoneTABLE 16Model (C4) Connections Contacts Contact RegionsObject NameContact Region 34Contact Region 35Contact Region 36Contact Region 37Contact Region 38Contact Region 39Contact Region 40Contact Region 41Contact Region 42Contact Region 43Contact Region 44StateFully DefinedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionContact1 Face4 Faces1 Face4 Faces1 Face4 Faces1 FaceTarget1 Face4 Faces1 Face4 Faces1 Face4 Faces1 FaceContact BodiesPart 5Part 6Part 7Target Bodiestao1-31.1xingcai1-21.2tao1-31.1xingcai1-21.4tao1-31.1xingcai1-21.2Definitio