社会工作专业英语讲义

Chapter1Introduction to social work and social welfareChapter2Social work values and ethicsChapter3Empowerment and human diversityChapter4The process of generalist practiceChapter5Practice settingsChapter6An overview of social welfare and social work historyChapter7Policy and policy advocacyChapter8Poverty problemsChapter9Social work and social services for children and familiesChapter10Social work and social services for older adultsChapter11Social work and social services for people with disabilitiesChapter12Social work and social services in health careChapter13Social work and social services in mental healthChapter14Social work and substance use, abuse, and dependenceChapter15Social work and social services for youth and in the schoolsChapter16Social work and social services in the criminal justice systemChapter1Introduction to social work and social welfareCase AKeywords: adopt, family service, paperwork, family life planningCase B:Keywords: group session and group work; mental health; self-help group; mutual-help groupCase C:Keywords: Sexual Assault, match, funding-raisingWhat is Social work?Social work is the professional activity of help individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends:Helping people obtain tangible servicesProviding counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families and groups.Helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health servicesParticipating in relevant legislative processesFive themes:Social work concerns helping individuals, groups, or communities.Social work entails a solid foundation of values and principles.A firm basis of techniques and skills provides directions.Social works need to link people to recourses or advocate for service development for clients.Social workers participate legislative process to promote positive social changes.What is social welfare?Social welfare is a nations system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society.Two Dimensions:What people get from society (programs, benefits and services?)How well their needs (social, economic, educational, and health) are being metHow are social welfare and social work related?Debates on social welfare:Individual responsibility: you get you deserveSociety responsibilityWho should assume responsibility for peoples social welfare?Residual, institutional, and developmental perspectives on social welfare.1. Residual ModelSocial welfare benefit and service should be supplied only when people fail to provide adequately for themselves. Blame the victim (fault and failure)For instance: social assistanceFamilies in need receive limited and temporary financial assistance until they can get back on their feet.2. Institutional modelPeople have a right to get benefit and service.For instance: public education, fire and police protectionEvery one can get these services.3. Developmental model This approach seeks to identify social interventions that have a positive impact on economic development.(1) Invest in education, nutrition and health care(2) In vest in physical facilities(3) help people in need engage in productive employment and self-employment.Political ideology: conservatives, liberalism and radicalism Conservatism is the philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, government should provide minimal interference in peoples lives, and change is generally unnecessary.Liberalism is the philosophy that government should be involved in the social, political and economic structure so that all peoples rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice. Radicalism is the philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly providing social justice. The fundamental changes are necessary in the basic social and political structure to achieve truly fair and equal treatment.Fields of practice in social workn Work with people in needs (children, youth, old people, the disable etc.)n Work with some occupationThe continuum of social work careersn Degree in social workBSW: prepare for the entry-level social workMSW: receive more specialized trainingDSW: teach at the college level or conduct researchSocial work builds on many disciplinesn psychologyn sociologyn political sciencen economicsn biologyn psychiatryn counciln cultural anthropologyn social workSocial workers demonstrate competenciesn Competencies are measurable practice behaviors that are comprised of sufficient knowledge, skills, and values and have the goal of practicing effective social work.Competency 1: identification as a professional social workerCompetency 2: the application of social work ethical principles to guide practiceCompetency 3: the application of critical thinking to inform professional judgmentsCompetency 4: engagement of diversity in practiceCompetency 5: the advancement of human rights and social economic justice.Competency 6: engagement in research-informed practiceEvidence-based practiceCompetency 7: application of knowledge of human behavior and the social environmentCompetency 8: engagement in policy proactive to advance social and economic well-beingCompetency 9: responsiveness to contexts that shape practiceCompetency 10: engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.Chapter 2 social work values and ethics1. Value and ethicsSocial worker is value-based profession.What is value?Value involves what you do and do not consider important and worthwhile, and also involve judgments and decisions about relative worth.What is Ethics?Ethics involve principles that specify what is good and what is bad. They clarify what should and should not be done Difference between value and ethics:Value determine what beliefs are appropriate. Ethics address what to do with or how to apply those beliefs to do the right thing.The importance of ethics2. Value and ethics for social workersSix core values for social workers:(1) Service(2) Social justice(3) Dignity and worth of the person(4) Importance of human relationships(5) Integrity(6) CompetenceSocial workers ethical responsibilities to clients:(1) Self-determinationPractitioners should nurture and support client self-extermination ：each individuals right to make his or her own decisions.(2)Privacy and confidentiality(3) Conflict of interest and Dual relationshipsThe clients best interests must be protected to the maximum extent possible.(4) Sexual relationshipSocial workers Ethical responsibilities to colleagues(1) Respect(2) Referral for servicesSocial Workers Ethical responsibilities in Practice settingsSocial workers ethical responsibilities as professionals competence against discrimination honest not solicit clients for the purpose of personal gainsSocial workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession.IntegrityResearch EvaluationSocial workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society(1) Advocate for peoples welfare(2) Ensure fair and equal access to resources and opportunities.(3) Respect cultural diversity.(4) Prevent discrimination against or exploiting people Translation exercises Social workers must uphold client privacy and confidentiality. Privacy is the condition of being free from unauthorized observation or intrusion. We have established that confidentiality is the ethical principle that workers should not share information provided by a client or about a client unless they have the clients explicit permission to do so. There is more to confidentiality than may be immediately apparent. Confidentiality means more that not revealing information about clients to others. It also involves not asking for more information than is necessary, as well as informing clients about the limitations of confidentiality within the agency setting. Chapter 3 Empowerment and Human DiversityStereotype! Women are too emotional to make good supervisors Elderly people cant think well. Gay and lesbian people really want to be opposite gender. People with physical disabilities are unemployable.Discrimination, oppression, marginalization, alienation, stereotypes, and prejudice Discrimination is the act of treating people differently based on the fact that they belong to some group rather than on merit. Oppression involves putting extreme limitations and constraints on some person, group, or larger system. Marginalization is the condition of having less power and being viewed as less important than others in the society because of belonging to some group or having some characteristic. Alienation, related to marginalization, is the feeling that you dont fit in or arent treated as well as others in the mainstream of society. A stereotype is a fixed mental picture of member of some specified group based on some attribute or attributes that reflect an overly simplified view of that group, without consideration or appreciation of individual differences. Prejudice is an opinion or prejudgment about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact. A major social work value involves the importance of people being treated fairly and equally.Populations-at-risk and social economic justice Diversity emphasizes the similarity and dissimilarity between numerous groups in society that have distinguishing characteristics. Populations-at-risk are people at greater risk of deprivation and unfair treatment because they share some identifiable characteristic that places them in diverse group. Factors: gender, age, religion, culture, disability, class, immigration statusSocial and economic justiceEmpowerment and a Strengths perspectiveEmpowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations. A strengths perspective:1. Every individual, group, family and community has strengths.2. Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be injurious but they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity.3. Social workers should assume that they do not know the upper limits of the capacity to grow and change and take individual, group, and community aspirations seriously.4. Social workers best serve clients by collaborating with when.5. Every environment is full of resources. Resiliency: seeking strength amid adversityThe ability of an individual, family, group, community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship.Resiliency involves two dimensions: risk factors and protective factors.Risk factors involve stressful life events or adverse environmental conditions that increase the vulnerability of individuals or other systems.Protective factors involve buffer, moderate, and protect against those vulnerabilities.Human Diversity Race and EthnicityRace implies a greater genetic determinant, whereas ethnicity often relates to cultural or national heritage. Culture and cultural competenceCulture is the sum total of life patterns passed on from generation to generation within a group of people and includes institutions, language, religious ideals, habits of thinking, and patterns of social and interpersonal relationships.Social workers need to have cultural competence to address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities. National Origin and immigration statusFour experiences which newcomer faced:Social isolation Cultural shockCultural changeGoal-striving class or social class political ideology gender, gender identity, and gender expression Sexual orientationHomosexual or heterosexual (bisexual)AgeDisabilityReligion and spiritualityChapter 4: Generalist practiceConcepts in the definition of generalist practice1. Acquiring an eclectic knowledge baseA. systems theoryB. ecological perspectiveC. Curriculum content areas 1) Values and ethics 2) Diversity 3) populations-at-risk and social and economic justice 4) Human behavior and the social environment 5) Social welfare policy and services 6) Social work practice 7) Research 8) Field educationD. Fields of practice2. Emphasizing client empowerment3. Using professional valuesA. social works code of ethicsB. application of professional values to solve ethical dilemma4. Applying a wide range of skillsA. microB. mezzoC. macro5. Targeting any size systemA. microB. mezzoC. Marco 6. Working in an organizational structure7. Using supervision appropriately8. Assuming a wide range of professional roles9. Following the principles of evidence-based practice10. Employing critical thinking skills11. Using a planned-change processA. engagementB. assessmentC. planningD. implementationE. evaluationF. terminationG. follow-upWorking in an organizational structure under supervision What is organizational structure?Organizational structure is the formal or informal manner in which tasks and responsibilities, lines of authority, channels of communication, and dimensions of power are established and coordinated within an organization. What is supervision?Supervision is the process by which a designated supervisor watches over a workers performance.A wide range of roles counselor educator broker case manager mobilizer mediator facilitator advocate supervisors managers 3 skills (technical, people and conceptual)Evidence-based practiceEvidence-based practice is a process in which practitioners make practice decisions in light of the best research evidence available.Tools, models, methods and policies must be validated by research and consequence evaluation also should use scientific research methodsCritical thinking skillsAvoiding the fallacy trap1. Relying on case examples2. being vague3. Being biased or not objective4. Believing that if its written down it must be right asking questions assessing fact asserting a conclusionPlanned-change process Planned change and problem-solvingStep1 engagementStep2 assessmentStep3 planningStep4 implementationStep5 evaluationStep6 termination Engagement: social workers begin to establish communication and a relationship with others and orient themselves to the problems. skills Verbal communication and nonverbal communication (cultural variations)Conveying warmth, empathy, and genuinenessAlleviating initial client anxiety and introducing the workers purpose and role Assessment: gather and analyze information to provide a concise picture of the client and his or her needs and strengths. skillsLooking beyond individual and examine other factors in their environmentFinding strengthsPaying attention human diversity Planning: what should be done? Alternatives and consequences implementation: following the plans to achieve the goals Evaluation: determine whether a given change effort was worthwhile. termination: the end of the professional social work-client relationship types:Natural, forced, and unplanned skillsAppropriate timingChapter 5: Practice SettingSetting in Social Work Practice: Organizations and Communities Organizations are entities made up of people that have rules and structure to achieve specified goals. Social services in the context of social agencies.Social services include the wide range of activities that social workers perform to help people solve problems and improve their personal well-being.A social agency is an organization providing social services that typically employs social workers in addition to office staff, and sometimes volunteers.Forms:Public or private;Nonprofit or proprietary (for profit) Social work practice in the context of communitiesA community is “a number of people who have something in summon with one another that connects them in some way and that distinguishes them from others.Some mutual characteristic, such as location, interest, identification, culture, and activitiesTypes:Locality-based community;Non geographic communityThe special circumstances of social work practice in rural communities.Low population densitySocial problems faced by rural residents:poverty, lack of transportation, inadequate child care, unemployment, substandard housing, and insufficient health care and so on.Four special issues for rural social workers:(1)true gene lists(work with different level case systems and use a wide of skills)(2) Interagency cooperation.(3) The importance of understanding the community, knowing its values and developing relationships with rural residents (informal relationship)(4) Emphasizing strengths inherent in rural communities. (Informal supporting system)Urban social workUrban social work is practice within the context of large cities, with their vast array of social problems, exceptional diversity, and potential range of resources.Five problems in urban areas:(1)Social problems occur with greater frequency and therefore are more visible in cities.(2) Widespread occurrence of