Unit-4-Migratory-Birds-and-Coffee.ppt

ExtensivereadingUnit4Book1,MigratoryBirdsandCoffee,Learningobjectives,Inthisunityouwill:understandtherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffeeplantingtakeatestonfastreadinglearntodeterminethetopicofareadingpassagelearnsomeinterestingfactsaboutinsects,Unitoverview,Pre-readingdiscussion,Textanalysis,Post-readingdiscussion,Notestothetext,Exercises,Readingskills,Pre-readingdiscussion,Whatdoyouthinkistherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffeeaccordingtothetitle?Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheecologyandecosystem?Whataretheadvantagesoftraditionalcoffeeplantations?,Textanalysis,Determiningthemainidea,Thepurposeofthetextistoshow_.howmoderncoffeecultivationsupportsmigratorybirdswhymigratorybirdslikeshadecoffeeplantationswayscoffeeplantationsareundergoingchangestheimportanceofconservingofmigratorybirds,While-readingquestions,Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Whatsthemainideaofeachpart?Whatistherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandshadegrowncoffee?Whataretheadvantagesofshadecoffeecultivation?Whydopeoplebegintoadoptsuncoffeeproduction?Whataretheconsequencesofsuncoffeeproduction?Howcanmigratorybirdsandcoffeeplantationbebalanced?,Textstructure,Part1Relationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffee,Whatistherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandshadegrowncoffee?Whatarethedifferentwaysofcoffeecultivation？Whataretheadvantagesofshadecoffeecultivation?,Part1Relationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffee,Whatistherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandshadegrowncoffee?Theyarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Migratorybirdshavefoundagoodsanctuaryintheshadecoffeeplantation.,Part1Relationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffee,Whatarethedifferentwaysofcoffeecultivation?ShadecoffeeplantationSuncoffeecultivation,Part1Relationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandcoffee,Whataretheadvantagesofshadecoffeecultivation?MigrantshabitatShadetrees:commodities,Part2Suncoffeecultivation,Whydopeopletoadoptsuncoffeeproduction?Whataretheconsequencesofsuncoffeeproduction?Whataretheenvironmentalandsocialconsequences?,Part2Suncoffeecultivation,Whydopeoplebegintoadoptsuncoffeeproduction?Themannerofsuncoffeecultivationproducesincreasedyields.,Part2Suncoffeecultivation,Whataretheconsequencesofsuncoffeeproduction?Ithasresultedinmajorhabitatchangeforthemigratorybirdsinthepasttwodecades.Itrequireschemicalinputsandyear-roundlabor,playingfinancialdemandsandneedforcreditsonthegrowers.Itbringsaboutseriousenvironmentalandsocialconsequences.,Part2Suncoffeecultivation,Whataretheenvironmentalandsocialconsequences?GreatsoilerosionAcidificationHigheramountoftoxicrun-offAlossoftrees,Part3Advocatesforamorebird-friendlycoffeeplantation,Howcanmigratorybirdsandcoffeeplantationbebalanced?Themaintenanceofmigratorybirdsreliesnotonlyontheconservationhabitatsbutalsothequalityofhuman-managedhabitats.,Notestothetext,Somemigratorybirdsmentionedinthetext,redstarts红尾鸟,Somemigratorybirdsmentionedinthetext,black-throatedgreenwarbler黑喉绿莺,Somemigratorybirdsmentionedinthetext,parrots鹦鹉,Somemigratorybirdsmentionedinthetext,woodcreepers砍林鸟,Themaincoffeecountries,Mexico墨西哥CostaRica哥斯达黎加Colombia哥伦比亚TheCaribbean加勒比地区,insecticidePara.2,Line13,countableachemicalusedtokillinsects杀虫剂e.g.About70%ofthecocoaacreageistreatedwithinsecticide.insecticide(杀虫剂)=insect(昆虫)+cide(杀死)herbicide(除草剂)=herb(草)+cide(破坏)fungicide(杀真菌剂)=fungi(真菌)+cide(杀死),shadecoffeePara.2,Line9,Shadecoffee,alsoknownas“shade-growncoffee”,isaformofthebeverageproducedfromcoffeeplantsgrownunderacanopyoftrees.荫栽咖啡,suncoffeePara.3,Line14,Oppositetoshade-growncoffee,suncoffeebushesareexposedtodirectsunlightandrequirehighinputsofchemicalfertilizersandpesticidesaswellasanintensiveyearlyworkforce.无荫栽咖啡,becompatiblewithPara.5,Line35,abletoexistandperforminharmoniousoragreeablecombination兼容的，可以并存的e.g.Freeenterprise,heargued,wascompatiblewithRussianvaluesandtraditions.,rivalPara.10,Line60,transitivebeequaltoinqualityorability相媲美e.g.Manypredict1991willrivalthegreatvintageof1965.,TheOldWorldPara.12,Line66,TheOldWorldconsistsofAfrica,EuropeandAsia,regardedcollectivelyasthepartoftheworldknowntoEuropeansbeforecontactwiththeAmericans.Itisusedinthecontextof,andcontrastwith,thenewworld(Americas).,MapoftheOldWorld,soundPara.16,Line90,adjectiveingoodcondition健全的e.g.Whenweboughtthehouse,itwasstructurallysound.,makeendsmeetPara.17,Line101,idiomtohaveenoughmoneytocoverexpenses;togetbyfinancially维持生计e.g.Ihavescarcelyenoughmoneytomakeendsmeetatthemoment,letalonelendyouany.,ponderPara.11,Line2,transitivereflectdeeplyonasubject深思；反复思考e.g.PhilosophershavespeculatedonthequestionofGodforthousandsofyears.,Post-readingdiscussion,Howdoshadecoffeeplantationshelpmaintainagoodenvironmentformigratorybirds?Whatarethepotentialdangersofmoderncoffeeplanting?Thetextendswithaquestion.Whatisyouranswer?,Readingskills,Understandingthetopic,Atopicisthesubject(whoorwhat)thereadingpassageisabout.Itisusuallydiscussedasawholewithinapassage.Basedonthetopictheauthorexpresseshisidea.Itcanbethebiggeroneorasmallerone.Asabigoneitcancoverthewholeliteraturework,asanovel,anessay,aplay,afilm,etc.Asasmalleroneitcoversonlyonepartorparagraphofaliteraturework.,Identifyingthetopic,Justaspreviewinghelpsyoutounderstandtheimportantideasinabook,aunitorachapter,identifyingthetopicofwhatyouarereadinghelpsyoutofocusonthegeneralsubjectofareading.,Findingthetopic,Topicsareexpressedinwordsorphrases.Atitleofareadingpassagemaybeatopic.Anissuethatisdiscussedmaybeatopic.Tofindthetopicofapieceofwriting,youask“whatorwhomisthispassageabout?”Theanswerwillbethetopic.,Example,Readthefollowingparagraphtoseehowthetopicreflectsthegeneralsubjectofthesentencesinaparagraphandhowitcanbestatedinafewwords.Whatcanyouhopetogainfromahobby?Ifyouhaveeverhadahobbyyouenjoyed,youknowtheinterestandpleasureitcangiveyouButhobbieshaveotheradvantages,too，thatyoumightnotthinkofatfirstAhobbycangiveyouthesatisfactionofstartingandcarryingthroughaplanallonyourownSeeingacompletedpieceofyourownwork-achairyouhavemadeorascarfyouhaveknittedgivesyouaspecialfeelingofprideYouwilldiscovertoothatwhenyouhaveanabsorbinghobby,youareabletospendtimealonequitehappily,Example,Whatdoyouthinkisthegeneralsubjectofthisparagraph?Thefirstsentenceinitraisesaquestionandtherestoftheparagraphtriestoanswerthequestionbygivingalistofadvantagesofhobbies.Partofthefirstsentencecanserveasthetopicoftheparagraph:Whattogainfromahobby.Orwecanusefewerwordstoillustratethetopic,suchas“advantagesofhobbies.”,PracticeA,1.Runningisoneofthebestexercisesofall.Nexttimeyouhavetogotothestoreforaloafofbread,tryrunninginsteadofwalking.Youwillbebuildingupyourlegmusclesandgivingyourheartandlungsagoodworkout.Topic:,advandagesofrunning,PracticeA,2.Therearemanywaystoinvestyourhard-earnedsavingscautiously.Infact，therearesomanywaysthatitallbecomesalittleconfusing.Onewaythroughtheconfusion,whichfinancialadvisersrecommend,istoknowwhatyouwanttoachieve,knowhowmuchriskyouarepreparedtotakeandgofromthere.Butwhichway?Twocommonanswerstothisquestionareinvestmentfundsandinvestment-ledinsuranceforthelongterm.Topic:,waystoinvestyourhard-earnedsavings,PracticeA,3.Arelationshipisaninvisiblelinkthatbringspeoplecloser.Cooperationandtruststrengthenagoodrelationship,andhelpbothsidesgrowandprosper.Topic:,arelationshipisaninvisiblelink,PracticeA,4.Themostimportantbreakthroughsarecomingincancer,heartdisease,brainafflictionssuchasstroke,andautoimmunediseasessuchasTypeI(juvenile)diabetes,multiplesclerosisandrheumatoidarthritis.Herearesometreatmentsthatcouldreachpatientswithinfivetotenyears.Topic:,breakthroughs,PracticeB,ReadthefollowingparagraphsfromMigratoryBirdsandCoffee.Determinethetopicofeachbyreadingtheentireparagraphcarefully.Writethetopicontheline.,PracticeB,InbothNorthandLatinAmerica,migratorybirdshavefoundasanctuaryintheforest-likeenvironmentoftraditionalcoffeeplantations.Eveninverydisturbedareas,coffeeplantationssupportgoodpopulationsofmigrantsandotherspeciesthatpreferorarerestrictedtoforesthabitats,suchasredstartsandblack-throatedgreenwarblers,andresidentsincludingparrotsandwoodcreepers.Topic:,asanctuaryformigratorybirds,PracticeB,2.However,becauseofrecentchangesincoffeeproductionandmarketing,shadecoffeeplantationsareathreatenedhabitat.Inthepasttwentyyears,coffeehasbeguntobegrownwithnoshadecanopyat11.Whilethismannerofcultivationproducesincreasedyields,thesecannotbekeptformanyyearswithoutintensivemanagement(additionsofchemicalfertilizersandarangeofinsecticides,herbicidesandfungicides).Topic:,Shadecoffeeplantationsathreatenedhabitat,PracticeB,3.Whiletechnifiedcoffeemaymeanbenefitstoproducersintermsoftotalcropoutputaconditionwhichmaynotholdtrueoverthelongrun,andalreadyprovenfalseinsomeareaswheresuncoffeeisbeinggrownInaddition,conversiontosuncoffeeresultsinalossoftrees,whichbothprovide“insurance”cropstothegrower(e.g.fuelwood,timber,andotherfruittree