中考英语复习第一轮状语从句

1 知识点1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.二例题演练一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.After the work was finished, he went home.3. 考题实例When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：As she was very weak, she couldnt move.Because his car broken was down, he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.3. 考题实例(1) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2) _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard, you will succeed.If we add them all up, we can find the answer.If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.3. 考题实例_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given【分析】答案选D。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.3. 考题实例No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。五、用作伴随状语1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。2. 理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。3. 考题实例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。六、用作方式状语1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck.七、用作结果状语He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 考题实例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted【分析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching【分析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.三重难点初中阶段常见状语从句用法见下表：时间状语从句when/while/as，before，after，since，until，as soon asShe was cooking when someone knocked at the door.I didnt go to bed until she came back.Ill come to see you as soon as I arrive there.条件状语从句if，as long as，unlessIll go to see you if I have time.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.原因状语从句because，since，as，forHe didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late.We should study hard since we are students.目的状语从句so that，in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.结果状语从句so that，so.that，such.thatIts so hot that we want to go swimming.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.让步状语从句though/although，even if，whenever，whateverThough he looks thin，he is healthy.比较状语从句than，asas，not as/soasThe earth is bigger than the moon.He ran as fast as Mike.地点状语从句where，whereverSit wherever you like.注意：在条件和时间状语从句中应用一般现在时态表示将来。though与but；because与so不能同时用在同一个句子中。while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。tooto与sothat与enough to do sth.之间可互换。if条件状语从句可与“祈使句and/or”互换。如：If we dont hurry，well miss the train.如果我们不快点的话，我们将错过火车。Hurry up，or well miss the train.快点，否则我们将错过火车。4 解析【例1】 Mark isnt coming to the concert_he has got too much work to do.Aso Buntil Calthough Dbecause解析：“太多工作要做”是“没有来音乐会”的原因。答案：_D_【例2】You bought the car about ten years ago?Yes._ its old，it still runs well.ABecause BSince CAlthough DBut解析：考查让步状语从句。句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好”。because“因为”，since“既然”，although“尽管”，but“但是”。答案：_C_【例3】 We will have no water to drink_we dont protect the earth.Auntil Bbefore Cthough Dif解析：考查if引导的条件状语从句。句意“如果我们不保护地球，我们将没有水喝。”答案：_D_【例4】 I enjoy fresh air so I always let the window open_it is really cold.Aunless Bwhen Cif Dsince解析：句意“我喜欢新鲜空气，因此我总是让窗户开着，除非真的很冷。”故unless“除非”符合题意。答案：_A_【例5】 I really enjoyed your speech，_here were some parts I didnt quite understand.Abecause Bfor Cuntil Dthough解析：前文“我喜欢你的演讲”与下文“有一些部分我不理解”是转折关系。故though“尽管”符合题意。答案：_D_【例6】 Zhou Libo is Shanghais favorite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were_hot that tickets were sold out in minutes.Avery Btoo Csuch Dso解析：句中的句型为so.that.意为“如此以至于”，so用来修饰形容词或副词；such也构成这一句型，但such用来修饰名词。答案：_D_一、单项选择。1Father wont allow me to play outside _C_ I wash up the dishes.(2014，烟台)Aif not Bif Cunless Dbecause2The children will climb the hill if it _D_ tomorrow.(2013，鞍山)Awont rain Bdidnt rainCisnt raining Ddoesnt rain3How do you like the concert given by FI.R?Exciting，_A_ one piece of the music wasnt played quite well.(2013，襄阳)Athough Bbecause Cso Dand4Always look around _B_ you cross the street，David.OK.I know，Mom.(2013，娄底)Auntil Bbefore Cunless Dafter5The local living conditions (条件) have improved a lot _C_ China set up the city of Sansha.And more and more people would like to go there for business.(2013，宜昌)Abefore Bwhen Csince Dafter6When you _C_ at a restaurant，please order just enough food.(2013，山西)Aate Bwill eat Ceat Dhave eaten7The book was written in_easy English _B_ even primary school students could understand it.Aso；that Bsuch；thatCtoo；to Dvery；that8What was your brother doing at