英语B级写作范文以及技巧

一. 应试指导篇A. 应试准备写作部分的目的在于测试考生应用英语进行书面表达的一般能力。要提高书面表达能力，就必须多读、多背、多模仿、多练习。多读、多背对解决语言知识的问题非常有效。学习一种语言，在某种意义上就是一系列的记忆和练习活动。首先，熟记是学习外语的关键之一。考生在准备考试过程中的背记，主要包括四个方面：1） 背记常用的单词和词组，了解这些单词和词组的语言环境；2） 背记常用的过渡词与句型；3） 背记一些比较典型的范文；4） 背记读过的文章或者看过的电影中一些写得好而且有意思的段落。其次，多模仿、多练习非常有助于考生掌握写作技巧。为此，考生应多做句子、段落与短文的汉译英练习，同时练习写文章摘要，然后再练习写短文。B. 注意事项1） 合理分配时间。写作部分的时间约为35分钟，一般来说，时间可以分配如下：46分钟构思，2327分钟写作，24分钟检查。2） 要使用有把握的词汇、短语、句型和引用语。3） 要合理布局，一般分35段，每段包含35句。4） 要正确使用标点符号，避免残缺句和融合句。注意单词的拼写和字母的大、小写等。5） 合理使用过渡词，使文章有较强的过渡性。C. 思路启迪就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。 考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有： 一：正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）。在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。考生使用语言时应注意所使用语言的贴切性。 二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。 三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。 四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能取得较好的分数。五：文章组织时，要注意文章的一致性的原则：段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题（一个内容）展开；短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思；从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确；从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。二. 写作技巧篇（一）条据条据是当事人借到、领到、收到或归还钱物时留给或收到对方的有效凭证。条据大体上分为两类，即凭证性条据（如借条、欠条、收条等）和说明性条据（如请假条、留言等）。条据的格式和写法英文条据应用词简洁、准确，没有其他客套语；时间放在信纸的右上端，签名（全名）放在信纸的右下方。1借条 (Receipt for a Loan)A. 范文: February, 15th.2003To Mrs. Wang Ling,Borrowed from Mrs. Wang Ling ten thousand yuan (RMB10,000)to be paid back within one year from this date with interest at 9% per year.Li Ming B. 格式要求： 右上角写借期 To _ (某人)， Borrowed from _( 某部门) _( 某物). Return within _ （某日）.右下角签名 C. 可选用的句子和短语： Borrowed from _ （sb） _ （sth）. 今借到. Return on within _(date) _ (at the rate /interest at.%) 从某人处借。某物。某天归还。 ( 如果是借钱，要写明以百分之多少利息归还) .to be paid back .归还2. 收条（Receipt）A. 范文: September, 1st. 2002Received from Zhang Hua training fee RMB, 500.Zhao Ming B. 格式要求： 右上角写收到的日期 Received from _( 某人) _( 某物). 右下角签名C. 可选用的句子和短语: Received from _ （sb） _ （sth）今收到(某日收到某人归还的某物) 3. 请假条 (Asking for leave)A. 范文: April 6,2003 Dear Mr. Wang,Owing to a bad cold, I am unable to attend your classes today and I ask for a days sick leave.Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.Li Ming B. 格式要求： 右上角写收到的日期 Dear _ (请假对像) Owing to _ (请假原因), I am unable to _ (缺席事项 ), I need to ask for _(请假期限)s leave. Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.右下角签名C. 可选用的句子和短语: Owing to _ (illness). 由于 _(疾病). I will be unable to attend party/meeting. 我将会不能够参加晚会/会议 Id like to apply for a three-day leave of absence to look after my sick mother.我想请三天假,去照料我母亲,她不舒服了。 Id like to ask for a sick leave (for 2 days, for my cold) from 14th to 15th, inclusive. 我想请一个病假_ (因为感冒,2天) 从14号 到15号, 包括15号。 I will be glad if you grant me the leave. 我将会高兴如果你批准我休假。 I promise to make up the duty as soon as possible. 我答应尽快地补上我该做的工作。 Enclosed is a doctors certificate.附上医生的证书。短语: a three-day leave of absence 请假三天 go back home to see my father 回家看父亲 grant me the leave 批准我的请假4. 留言 (Message)A. 范文: To Mr. Black,Ms. Marie Smith of ABC Company visited this morning at 11:30 and asked you to call her back at in office hour.Linda B. 格式要求：To_ (被留言人的称呼)_ ( 来自.的留言人) visited this morning at 11:30 and you were not here, he asked you to call her back at _ ( 电话或电子邮件) in office hour. (具体写明留言事项)右下角留言人签名C. 可选用的句子和短语: Mr. _ called from Shanghai. Please call him today before 4:00 pm or any time tomorrow on 136.某先生从上海打电话来, 请你在明天下午4点前任何时候都可以打电话 136 给他. Mrs. _ called saying that she would be late for 20 minutes. 某太太打电话来说她可能要迟到20分钟. let me know if comes. 如果.来了就告诉我.D 练习1. 兹向白云学院外语系（计算机系、经济系、管理系）借录音机1台，10天后归还。经手人：刘鹏2003年2月28日2. 今借到刘德华先生人民币叁千元整，1年内归还，年息6厘，此据。经手人：林军2003年2月28日3.今收到IBM公司市场部罗强佣金450美元。此据。张军2003年8月25日4.龙老师：我因昨晚感冒发烧，现在体温仍达39，所以今天不能来上学，请假1天，望老师准假。学生：王杰2003年9月3日E 练习答案: 1. Feb, 28th. 2003 Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department of Baiyun college ( the Computer Dept./ the Economics Dept ./ the Management Dept.) a recorder. Return within 10 days. Liu Peng2. Feb, 28th. 2003To Mr. Liu Dehua, Borrowed from Mr. Liu Dehua three thousand yuan (RMB3,000) to be paid back within one year from this date with interest at 9 percent per year. Lin Jun3. Aug, 25th. 2003 Received from Mr. Lou Qiang of the Marketing Department, IBM Company four hundred and fifty dollars ($ 450) as commission. Zhang Jun4. Sep, 3rd. 2003Dear Mr. Long,Owing to a bad cold last night and a high fever of 39 now , I am unable to attend your classes today and ask for a days sick leave. Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance. Wang Jie（二）通知、启事和海报通知、启事和海报是个人或团体向大众告知某一件事情的简短文字同，一般由标题、正文、落款（或时间）3部分组成，涉及主办单位、活动内容、议程安排、时间和地点等, 通常还会加上联系地址，联系人或联系电话。 1. 通知（Notice）A. 范文1: NOTICEAll teachers and students of Grade 1 are requested to meet in the department conference room on April 30th (Thursday) at 4:30 p. m. to hear a report on “Computer Assisted Language Learning”.The Foreign Languages OfficeApril, 28th. 2003 范文 2:FOUNDI happened to find a purse, inside which there are cards, cash and other things. Loser is expected to come to our classroom to claim it. Zhang JunClass 2, Senior 1, FLDJan, 12th. 2002B. 格式要求：NOTICE ( 居中写标题)正文写明通知对象、事情、时间和地点 右下角 签名最后写 日期C. 可选用的句子和短语: All salesmen are required to attend a meeting at Room . Building .所有的销售人员请在号楼, 号房间开会. Due to the storm, the meeting will be postponed to next week. 由于风雨,会议推迟到下星期. For more information, please contact. 更多信息,请咨询 Please make reservations before 在 之前,请预定.2. 启事（Announcement）启事的标题要求醒目，能够吸引读者的注意力。A. 范文1: Temporary Relocation of OfficeWe regret that this office cannot be used this week because of the leaking central heating pipes .Customers can now reach us at Room 109, the White Swan Hotel.We apologize for any inconvenience caused to you.Jenny Jones ManagerJuly, 6th. 2001 范文2: Flu-shotPlease be informed that School Clinic will be conducting a flu-shot on September, 15th, from 9:00am to 5:00p.m . The cost is RMB6 for faculty, staff and students.Administrative OfficeSep, 12th. 2003B. 格式要求：Notice (居中写标题)正文写明启事的内容右下角 签名最后写 日期C. 可选用的句子和短语: Please notice that (请留意) sorry for the inconvenience.(对.造成的不便表示道歉.)3 海报 (Playbill)海报要简洁明快, 开门见山。A. 范文: Free LecturesFree Lectures in Englishon“Peoples and Cultures in China”ByProfessor Zhang HaiyangCentral University of NationalitiesFrom 9 to 11 a.m.Saturday Sep, 13th, 21st, 27th , 2003At the China InternationalCultural Exchange Center(和平里建材大厦对面)R.S.V.P. : , B. 格式要求：Free Lectures标题内容时间地点联系方式C. 可选用的句子和短语: seminar on .( 研讨会 ) workshop on.( 短训班 ) training on (培训) from . to . (从 到. 时间) All are welcome. ( 欢迎所有人参加 ) Please contact .( 请与联系 )D 练习1. 通知兹定于2003年10月8日在西校区1312举行“中国加入WTO对职业教育的影响”报告会，一年级学生及学生会全体成员均要求参加。学院办公室2003年10月5日2. 启事玛丽.特纳小姐和托德.沙利文先生谨宣布于2000年10月18日（星期六）在纽约结婚，特此敬告亲友。3 球讯今天下午4：30我系和计算机系篮球队在本校篮球场进行友谊比赛。欢迎大家观看助兴。外语系4月19日E 练习答案: Notice All the students of Grade 1 and members of the Student Union are requested to meet in the Room 1-312, West Campus on Oct, 8th. 2003 to hear a report on “The Impact of Chinas Entry into WTO on Vocational Education.” The Administrative Office Oct, 5th. 2003 2. Miss Mary TurnerAnd Mr. Todd SullivanAnnounce their marriageonSaturday, October eighteenthNineteen hundred ninety-eight3 Basketball Match We are going to have a basketball match with the Computer Department on the playground at 4:30 this afternoon. Welcome to watch the match. The Foreign Languages Department. April, 19th （三）传真和电子邮件传真是以书面形式传递的业务信函，电子邮件是通过网络传输的现代交流方式，它们是两种当今社会使用最多的书面通讯方式。1. 传真（Fax）A. 范文: Guangdong Baiyun Vocational Technical CollageTel: (020) 3609 3338Fax: (020) 3609 3339TLX: (020) 3609 3336E-Mail : INL0221 To: Shanghai Chemical Compang DATE: December 13,2002ATTN: Mr. Wang Xiaoming FAX: 021-FROM: Guangdong Baiyun LawConsultant CompanyRE: Booking 2 train tickets Dear Mr. Wang ,Would you please book me two tickets of express from Shanghai to Nanjing which leaves at six tomorrow morning ? Thank you.Sincerely YoursShellyB. 格式要求：Guangdong Baiyun Vocational Technical Collage (发传真单位名称)Tel: (020) 3609 3338 (发传真单位电话)Fax: (020) 3609 3339 (发传真单位传真号)TLX: (020) 3609 3336 (发传真单位电报号)E-Mail : _（发传真单位电子邮件地址）To: Shanghai Chemical Company (收传真单位) DATE: December，13th . 2002（发传真日期）ATTN: Mr. Wang Xiaoming（收传真人） FAX: 021- （收传真单位电话）FROM: Guangdong Baiyun Vocational Technical Collage (发传真单位名称)RE: Booking 2 train tickets （主题）正文Dear Mr. Wang ,Would you please book me two tickets of express from Shanghai to Nanjing, which leaves at six tomorrow morning ? Thank you.签名Sincerely YoursShellyC. 可选用的句子和短语: From: _ （来自：） To: _ （发给：） Date: _ （日期：） ATTN: _ （收件人：） Re: _ （主题：）2. 电子邮件（E-mail） A. 范文: Date: March 22,2003From: Baiyun College To: David Williams Subject: Time to visitDear Mr. Smith,Thank you for your kind invitation to your school this Saturday morning. I will arrive at your school at 10:00 a.m. Would you please tell me where we shall meet, please? Thanks.Best wishes！Li Ming B. 格式要求：Date: March 22,2003 （发邮件日期）From: Baiyun College （发件人）To: David Williams （收件人）Subject: Time to visit （主题）正文Dear Mr. Smith，Thank you for your kind invitation to your school this Saturday morning. I will arrive at your school at 10:00 a.m. Would you please tell me where we shall meet, please? Thanks.结束敬语Best wishes!签名 Li Ming C. 可选用的句子和短语: From: _ （来自：） To: _ （发给：） Date: _ （日期：） Subject: _（主题：） No. of page: _ (页数)D 练习1传真信件致：大同贸易公司日期：2003年12月2日收件人：王军先生传真编号：CE29发件人：安妮.布朗传真号：电话号码：电话号码：传真号：传真页数：1主题：关于CN18790货物的运输您2003年11月30日的传真已收到。我们尚未收到CN18790货物的提货单原本。由于这批货物的估计到岸日期是2003年12月18日，所以我们必须在12月15日前收到提货单。谨此致意。李明2以李明的名义给英国布莱德大学（Bradford University）外语系主任David Clark先生发一个电子邮件。内容是：简单介绍李明、打算明年9月份到英国布莱德大学留学，向David先生了解在布莱德大学学习、生活的相关情况。地址是：www.david88edu.uk时间：2003年6月16日E 练习答案: 1 FAX MIESSAGETO: Datong Trading Co. DATE: Dec, 2nd. 2003ATTN: Mr. Wang Jun REF No: CE29FROM: Anne Brown FAX: TEX: TEL: FAX: NO. OF PAGE: 1SUBJECT: Shipment CN 18790 Your fax dated 30/ 11/ 2003 was received. Regarding the shipment CN 18790, we have not received the original of lading from you. The ETA of the shipment is 18/ 12/ 2003, so we must receive the B/L on 15th the latest. Best regards Li Ming2.Date: June，16th . 2003 From: Baiyun College To: David Clark Subject: Inquiry about Bradford Dear Mr. David ClarkI am seeking an opportunity to study at Bradford University after graduation from Guangdong Baiyun Vocational and Technical College next September. Could you please send me your booklets as I would like to know something about the study and life in your university. Thanks .I am looking forward to you early reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming（四）信函书信是人们运用文字交流感情、沟通情况的一种应用文体，信函是一种较重要的业务书信。它有6C原则：Completeness(完整)、Correctness(正确)、Clearness(清楚)、Conciseness(简洁)、Courtesy(礼貌)、Consideration（体谅）。一般信函的格式如下表：International ProgramsCambridge UniversityLondon, U.K.Dec. 28, 2003The Garden HotelGuangzhouP. R. of ChinaDear Sir,Please send me rates for a single room with bath. Would you have something available from Monday afternoon, March, 4th., through the night of Wednesday, March, 6th.? Id appreciate an immediate reply so I can make reservations right away. Thank you.Sincerely,Tony Smith写信人详细地址日期收信人详细地址称呼正文结尾敬语签名1证明信（Letter of Certification）证明信是证明一个人的身分、经历或某件事情真相的信件或文件。提交的对象为单位（或公司），称号、格式固定化。开头一般为“兹证明”（This is to certify that.）如：A 范文Oct. 10, 2003To whom it may concern,This is to certify that Mr. Li Ming has studied in Foreign Languages Department of Guangzhou University from September, 2002 to July, 2003. Guangzhou University 日期固定称呼正文单位名称B 格式要求_To whom it may concern,This is to certify that _. _C可选用的句子和短语1.To whom it may concern， 有关人士：2.This is to certify that sb (has, had, was)_as a_(职务）+at单位 /doing时间兹证明 某人在某单位做某职务多少时间3. sb did _job (reliable，honest, hard working .)某人做 _ 工作 ( 可靠，诚实, 努力工作.)D 练习请以伯明翰(Birmingham) 大学计算机主任(Ray Mace) 的名义给法驻英使馆写一封证明信.兹证明雷伟先生是中华人民共各国公民.自2000年2月至于2001年2 月在伯明翰大学语言系作为访问学者从事计算机科学的学习和研究.雷伟先生拟于5月份携妻儿去巴黎旅游1周,之后将继续回校学习.特此证明.伯明翰大学计算机系主任: Ray Mace写信时间 : 2000年4月23日E 答案Department of PC ScienceBirmingham UniversityU.K.April 23,2000To whom it may concern , This is to certify that Mr. Lei Wei is a citizen of the Peoples A China. Now he is under taking studies and research work on computer science here as a visiting scholar in our faculty from February 2000 to February 2001. I understand that Mr. Lei is planning to pay a weeks visit to Paris in May with his wife and son and then resume his study in our university.Dont hesitate to contact me if you need any further in formation.Sincerely yours, Ray Mace Dean of the Department of Computer Science2. 邀请信A 范文 1:Informal Letter of invitation April 6,2003Dear Li ,I heard that you are just back from Britain and will work in China Hotel soon. I hope you could stay at my home for a dew days before your employment.Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely Li Ming日期称呼正文结尾敬语签名Informal Letter Accepting an InvitationDear Mr. Lee.Thank you for your kind invitation to the dinner you and Mrs. Lee are giving next Saturday for your brother. I shall be very happy indeed to come, and look forward with pleasure to meeting your brother.Yours sincerelyJohn Smith范文 2:Formal Letter of InvitationMr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. Wangrequest the pleasure of your companyat a dinnerin honor of their parentsfiftieth Wedding Anniversaryon Sunday, the fifth of Julyat eight oclocknew Asia Hotel100 Deep Water RoadHong KongInformal Letter Declining an InvitationDear Mr. Lee,Im so sorry that I cant come to the dinner you and Mrs. Lee are giving next Saturday for your brother because of a previous engagement that evening.I do appreciate your asking me and hope that I will have the opportunity to meet your brother on some other occasion in the near future.Yours sincerelyJohn SmithFormal Letter Accepting an InvitationMr. and Mrs. John Smithaccept with pleasurethe kind invitation ofMr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. Wangto a dinnerat eight oclockthe fifth of JulyNew Asia Hotel100 Deep Water Bay RoadHong KongFormal Letter Declining an InvitationMr. and Mrs. John Smithregret that they areunable to acceptMr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. WangsKind invitation to dinneron Sunday, the fifth of Julyat eight oclockNew Asia Hotel100 Deep Water Bay RoadHong KongC可选用的句子和短语1. Id like .to come to dinner2. request the pleasure of3. The favor of a reply is requested4. May I have the honor of your company at dinner?5. Thank you for inviting us to dinne