英语人文知识竞赛参考资料

英语人文知识竞赛参考资料 首届“英语人文知识竞赛”将以笔试的形式在语音室举行。100道竞赛题目分三部分：英语国家社会文化知识、文学和语言学。下面列举了语言学题目100 道，美国部分题目108道，英国部分90道，加拿大与澳大利亚部分各10道，仅供参考。语言学部分：第一部分1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4. In the phrase structure rule SNP VP, the arrow can be read as _. A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates 5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances 8. In a speech community people have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically 9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? _. A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning 10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword第二部分1.The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.() A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.() A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula SNP VP.() A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.() A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phraseD.sentence 6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _.() A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _,and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _.() A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_.() A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use第三部分1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 2.Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A. mouthB. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 3.The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 4.A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 5.Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike. A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics 7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization. A. elaboration B. simplification C. external borrowing D. internal borrowing 8._ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A. Lingua franca B. Creole C. Pidgin D. Standard language 9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ . A. Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrus B. Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortex C. Brocas area, Wernickes area and neuronsD. Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10.According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A. learning B. competence C. performance D. acquisition第四部分1.The pair of words lendand borroware _.() A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.() A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.() A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.() A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say night as light.This shows:.() A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6.A word with several meanings is called _word.() A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7.The function of the sentence A nice day, isnt it?is _.A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative 8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.() A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure 9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.() A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic components of the word gentleman can be expressed as _.() A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult第五部分1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called _. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrary Key: B 2 The _ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative Key: A 3 From a functional approach, the _ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. A. affective B. associative C. stylistic D. collocative4 When -ing in gangling is removed to get a verb gangle, we call this way of creating words _. A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key: B 5 _ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. A. Degradation B. Specialization C. Elevation D. Extension Key: C 6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called _. A. idiolect B. regional dialect C. temporal dialect D. social dialect Key: A 7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as _. A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stress Key: A 8 _ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound. A. Addition of sound B. Loss of sound C. Metathesis D. Assimilation Key: D 9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the _ family. A. Indo-European B. Sino-Tibetan C. Hamito-Semitic D. Malayo-Polynesian Key: B 10A _ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morpheme B. phoneme C. grapheme D. letter Key: C 11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_. A. hyponyms B. compounds C. blends D. allomorphs Key: B 12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _. A. concord B. government C. recursiveness D. cohesion Key: A 13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _. A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. compounding Key: A 14. The distinction of linguistic potential and actual linguistic behavior is proposed by _. A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin Key: C 15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _ meaning. A. denotative B. connotative C. collective D. stylistic Key: A 16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as _. A. tenor of discourse B. mode of discourse C. field of discourseD. idiolect Key: A 17. According to words structures, Turkish is a typical _ language. A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative Key: D 18. _ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance. A. Minimal pairs B. Illocutionary acts C. Social dialects D. Adjacency pairs Key: D 19. The relation between dead and alive is labeled as _. A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: B 20. The words encore and au pair are loanwords from _. A. French B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A 21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by_. a. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin Key: b 22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language a. native English words B. borrowed words C. echoic words D. one-syllable words Key: c 23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone s a. voiceless B. oral C. alveolar D. lateralKey: d 24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants f, v are _. a. dental B. alveolar C. palatal D. labiodental Key: d 25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds p, b, t, d, k, g are _. a. affricates B. fricatives C. bilabial D. oral stops Key: d 26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct a. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution. C. Allophones distinguish meaning. D. Allophones are language specific. Key: c 27 Which of the following words is not a free morpheme a. able B. pet C. change D. dusty Key: d 28 How many morphemes are there in the word discharged a. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Key: b 29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only a. happiness B. television C. ecology D. teacher Key: c 30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_. a. interchangeability B. productivity C. cultural transmission D. arbitrarinessKey: c 31 The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _. A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal communication Key: A 32 Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English. A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk Key: A 33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula SNP VP. A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical Key: B 34 It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other. A. Case Condition B. Case Parameter C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent Parameter Key: C 35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning. A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence Key: D 36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _. A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives Key: A 37. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronicB. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B 38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _, and kin term. A. title+first name B. title+title C. title alone D. first name+last name+title Key: C 39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _. A. vocal thought B. subvocal thought C. covert thought D. overt thought Key: D 40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. Key: A 41. The words kowtow and tea are loanwords from _. A. Chinese B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A 42. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B 43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _. A. blending B. clipping C. acronymyD. compounding Key: A 44. According to words structures, Latin is a typical _ language. A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative Key: B 45. The relation between animal and lamb is labeled as _. A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C 46