英专四级词汇区别

amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expandamplify v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarge v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋stretch v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。magnify v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援，加固。expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。anger, fury, indignation, resentment这一组名词都有愤怒、生气的意思。anger n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤resentment n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyones pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct这一组形容词都有明显的之意。apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap ones hand=applaud,不能说applaud ones hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。area, district, region, vicinity, zone这一组名词都有区域的意思。area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如自治区；身体部位。The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。vicinity n.周围地区，附近地区。The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium这一组名词都表示会议的意思。assembly n.集合，集会。The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n. (专门性的)会议，讨论会。The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。congress n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。rally n. (鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。The football coach called a rally to build up the teams excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。seminar n. (大学的)研究班，研讨会。During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。session n. (一届)会议，回合。the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议summit n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。assessment, estimate, evaluation这一组名词都有评估的意思。assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词give搭配。The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。evaluation n. (对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。associate, ally, combine, unite这一组词都有联合的意思。associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。average, common, general, universal, usual这一组形容词都有普通的意思。average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示平均的。The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为平凡的，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有公共的，共同的之意。Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。universal a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有全然没有例外的意思。Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调习惯性的，符合规章制度的，是个一般用语。award, rewardaward v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。aware, consciousaware a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。conscious a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。base, foundation, ground这一组名词都有基础的意思。base n.指具体的有形的基础，也可指物体的底部、基部；基地，总部。They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基，含有坚实的基础的意思；基金会。The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。ground n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。basic, elementary, fundamentalbasic a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer这一组都有笑的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。beam v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为微笑，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。chuckle v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。giggle v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。grin v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。jeer v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。laugh v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。roar v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。sneer v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。ignore, neglect, omit, overlook这一组动词都有忽略的意思。ignore v.忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝。She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。neglect v.忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记。He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。omit v.遗漏，忽略，忘记，指由于疏忽而忘记，也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤，结果实验失败了。overlook v.忽略，疏漏，指有意识地遗漏，也可以指无意识地忽略。The mother overlooked her little boys bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。imaginable, imaginary, imaginativeimaginable a.可想象的，往往作后置定语，所修饰的名词前常加all，every，only或形容词的最高级。In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中，她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。imaginary a.虚构的，想象中的。The child has an imaginary friend.那个孩子有个假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家imitate, intimate, intimidate这是一组形近易混词。imitate v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。The boy imitates his fathers way of talking.那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。intimate a.亲密的；温馨的，舒适的。We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。intimidate v.恐吓，威胁。An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子，并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。imperial, imperiousimperial a.帝国的，帝王的；帝王般的，威严的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加仑，品脱等)。the imperial guards帝国卫士imperious a.傲慢的，专横的。The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。imply, inferimply v. (从言语或态度中)暗示，暗指(某种事情)。The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.财政大臣暗示利率将下降。infer v. (根据已知事实)推断，推理。I infer from your smile that you are happy.从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。industrial, industrious这是一组形近易混词。industrial a.工业的，产业的，来自于名词industry。Industrial production is up this year; but agriculture is weak.今年的工业产值上升了，但是农业依然薄弱。industrious a.勤奋的，忙碌的。She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己开了一家公司，因此很忙碌。initial, original, primitiveinitial a.开始的，最初的，强调处于事物的起始阶段，也可以指位于开头地方的。My initial good opinion of him changed with time.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。original a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按顺序是首位的，在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的东西。This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在这架钢琴上，这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。primitive a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段，也可以指自然的或简朴的。Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb这几个词都有干扰的意思。interfere v.干涉，妨碍。常指干涉或妨碍他人(的事)，着重指有影响，当干涉讲时，后多接in，当妨碍，打扰时后多接with。Its unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妇间的事是不明智的intervene v.干涉，干预，较为正式，常指带有行动的干预；此外，还有调停的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家长打孩子你会干预吗？interrupt v.打扰，打断，阻碍。常有使停止(中断)的意思。His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。disturb v.打扰，妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。invaluable, valuelessinvaluable a.无价的，非常宝贵的，相当于priceless。Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱，你的帮助是可贵的。valueless a.没有价值的，相当于worthless。That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。jealous, enviousjealous a.妒忌的，暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间，他会很嫉妒。envious a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羡慕我的新车，也想要一辆同样的。judicial, judicious这是一组形近易混词。judicial a.司法的，法律的，法庭的。The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。judicious a.果断的，明智的，是个正式用语。He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一个明智的决定，要为他的晚年攒钱。minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate这一组形容词都有次等的意思。minor a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。inferior a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当下级讲时，强调职位的高低；当次等讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。secondary a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。opt, apt这是一对形近易混词。opt v.选择，抉择，后接for。She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于的，(后接to)；恰当的，贴切的。She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你给她施加的压力过大，她就很容易出错。rational, reasonablerational a.理性的，区别于无理性；理智的，区别于感情用事的。The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。reasonable a.有道理的，公平合理的，或指人讲道理的。That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。refrain, restrain, constrainrefrain v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。restrain v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。constrain v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。respectable, respectful, respective这是一组形近易混词。respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名声的。They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。respectful a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的。Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.师生应该相互彬彬有礼。respective a.单个的，分别的。revolve, evolve, involverevolve v.旋转，转动。The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转，然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.发展，演变。Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来，农业发展得很缓慢。involve v.需要，包含；使卷入，牵涉。Getting a drivers licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车，学习交通规则，还要经过考试。sanction, sanitationsanction n.认可，准许，批准。I need my parents sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。sanitation n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。scenery, scene, view, landscape这一组名词都有景色的意思。scenery n.风景，景色，舞台布景，强调从美的角度看，某个国家或地区的总体外貌。Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假，并欣赏那里的风景。scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象，也可以指人物的活动场面；(犯罪的)地点，现场。They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里，注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景；观点，看法。Our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。landscape n. (自然的)风景，景色；风景画。The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational这是一组形近易混词。sensible a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的。This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的，感伤的。The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！sensational a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。technological, technical这是一组形近易混词。technological a.技术上的。a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破technical a.技术的，工艺(学)的；专门的，深奥的。The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer这是一组在考研和CET-6中经常出现的形近易混词。transaction n.交易行为，处理。Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。transition n. (从一种情况到另一种的)过渡，更替。The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说，从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。transmission n.传播(比如疾病)；广播。The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，改观，转变。His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他结婚之后性格判若两人。transfer n.转移，转让；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘，改变路线。The clubs goalkeeper isnt happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快，已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex这一组词都有迷惑的意思。bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。blame, condemn, reproach, scold这一组动词都有责怪的意思。blame v.责怪，把归咎于。You cant blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示错误。blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid这一组形容词都有弱的意思。brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。He s feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teachers question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge这几个名词都有边