英语句子基本结构及练习

英语学科辅导讲义授课对象授课教师授课时间授课题目英语句子的基本结构课 型使用教具讲义，白纸，笔教学目标1. 学会分析英语句子成分2. 学会分析英语句子结构3. 通过学习调动他们的学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味性教学重点和难点1. 学会分析英语句子成分2. 学会分析英语句子结构3. 运用知识点解题参考教材1. Go for it 英语新课标、新标准英语2. 学生实用英语语法指南与实践教学流程及授课详案一 复习所学内容二英语语法英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. (学生学习。)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：Students study. (学生学习。)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。5）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。)这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child - went (his) home yesterday.请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分1）I have two elder sisters. （我有两个姐姐。）2) They dont swim very well.（他们游泳不太好。）3) Do you go to school every day? （你每天去上学吗？）4) I really want a cup of tea.（我真的想要一杯茶。）5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.（史密斯先生教英语非常好。）三句子的划分及其结构分析 根据结构划分：简单句S+V（主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O（主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）并列句 and, but, or复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句） 句子基本结构分析1S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out煤气用完了。My ink has run out我的钢笔水用完了。2S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nicc花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他静静地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他长大后当了教师。He could never turn traitor to his country他永远不会背叛他的祖国。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手来摸象。They are tasting the fish他们在品尝鱼。They grow rice in their home town他们在家乡种水稻。Hes got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English请把这个句于泽成英语。3S十V十O句式在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well你应该好好照看你的孩子。4S十V十O1十O2句式在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他问我个问题。注意，下边动词只有一种说法：They robbed the old man of his money他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他们剥夺了他说话的权利。5S十V十O十C句式在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out我发现他出去了。I saw him in我见他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我刚才听到玻璃碎了。He found the doctor of study closed to him他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。四课后练习分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。 1、I saw Jane in the reading room2、Production grows rapidly3、They treated me as their own son4、His classmates made him their monitor5、Victor passed Robert the ball6、You did not need to arrive so early7、The children ran merrily after him8、It is getting dark9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave11、The population of city rose by 20 percent12、She had a new dress made 13、Her face turned red at his words14、The old professor lectures twice a week15、To