Unit-10-课件The-Idiocy-of-Urban-Life.ppt

UNIT10TheIdiocyofUrbanLife,ContentBackgroundInformationPre-readingQuestionsWordStudyStructureAnalysisRhetoricalFeatures,Pre-readingquestions:,1.Haveyoueverlivedinthecountry?Ifyes,howdoyoufeelaboutthedifferencesbetweencountrylifeandcitylife?Ifno,doyouwishtoliveinthecountryforsometime?2.Howdoyouunderstandthenewword“urbanization”?Whatmightbetheresultofthistrend?Talkabouttheabovetwoquestions,Pleasetalkaboutthefollowingcartoons.,1.Trafficinthefuture,2.Whatisurbanization?,HenryFairlie*BorninLondon*ReceivedadegreefromCorpusChristiCollege圣体学院atOxfordUniversityin1945*AnexpatriateBritishandjournalist*WrotemostlyforAmericanpublications,includingTheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorkTimes,TheNewYorker,andTheAtlantic,BookswrittenbyhimTheLifeofPolitics(1969)政治的生活TheKennedyPromise(1973)肯尼迪许诺TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld:theMiscarriageoftheAmericanIdeainOurTime(1976)西方世界的被宠坏的孩子：在我们的时间美国想法的失败TheParties:RepublicansandDemocratsinThisCentury(1978)那些党：这个世纪的共和党人和民主党人,WordStudyCongregatev.Collectorgatherintoamassorcrowd聚集，集合e.g.Peoplequicklycongregatedroundthespeaker.,Cruisev.1)(ofavehicleoritsdriver)travel漫游e.g.Weareplanningtospendourretirementcruisingonluxurylinersaroundtheworld.2)Togoormovealonginanmoderatespeed航游，巡航e.g.Taxiscruisedabout,hopingtopickupthelatefares.,Disdainv.Thinkoneselfsuperiorto;reject蔑视，鄙视，鄙弃e.g.Ournewneighborsseemtobedisdainingtospeaktous.Theoldermusiciansdisdainthenew,rock-influencedmusic.,Exertionn.Effortsorendeavors努力，尽力Makeexertion尽力Exertv.Tomakeuseofsth.e.g.Parentsexertapowerfulinfluenceontheirchildrensopinions.,Gregariousa.Fondofcompany;livinginflocksorcommunities社交的，群居的e.g.Sheisveryoutgoingandgregarious.Grievousa.Veryseriousandoftencausinggreatpainorsuffering极严重的，使人痛苦的e.g.Washingfoodwhenothersarestarvingisagrievouswrong.,Insolencen.Arrogance;contempt傲慢；无礼e.g.Hehadtheinsolencetotellmetoleavetheroom.Insolenta.无礼的Insolentto/towardssb.,Insomniaca.Experiencingoraccompaniedbysleeplessness失眠的；失眠症的e.g.InsomniacoldpeopleInsomniacnights2)n.Sb.Whocannotsleep失眠症患者e.g.Insomniacsdonotsleepbecausetheyworryaboutit,andtheyworryaboutitbecausetheydonotsleep.,Lunacyn.Unsoundnessofmind;insanity;madness精神错乱；疯狂2)Veryfoolishbehavior机愚蠢的行为e.g.Itssheerlunacydrivinginthiswhether.,Pamperingn.Overindulgence(ofaperson,tasteetc.);luxury过分放纵；奢侈e.g.Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspampering.Pamperv.Treatwithtoomuchkindnessorindulgence;spoil纵容；溺爱e.g.Dontpamperyourlittledaughter.,Posture1)n.Thepositioninwhichyouholdyourbodywhenstandingorsitting姿势e.g.Sowhentheyadoptapostureofrestraint,Iunderstandtheirthinking.2)v.姿势；作姿势e.g.Heenjoysposturinginfrontoftheaudience.,Posen.beinawhirl(心智或头脑）眩晕，迷乱，发昏e.g.Theveryideasetsmyheadreeling.,Reign1)v.Holdroyaloffice;prevail;holdsway统治，当政。为王e.g.Itistheratsthatreignovertheurbanlifeaccordingtotheauthor.2)n.e.g.DuringthereignofHenryVII,SpainwasalsoaverypowerfulcountryinEuropejustlikeFrance.,Scurryv.Runormovehurriedly,especiallywithshortquicksteps碎步疾驰e.g.Weallscurriedforshelterwhenthestormbegan.,Simulationn.Imitationoftheconditionsof(asituationetc.);resemblance模拟；仿真e.g.Iwasquitedeceivedbyhersimulationofinnocence.Simulatev.Imitate;givetheappearanceof模拟，模仿e.g.Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.,Slumpv.Moveorwalkinaclumsy,heavyorlaboriousmanner垂头哈腰地走e.g.SlumpalongthestreetSolituden.Thestateofbeingalone独处，独居e.g.Sheenjoysthesolitudeofherownflat.,Urbanea.Goodatknowingwhattosayandhowtobehaveinsocialsituations;courteousandrefined温文儒雅的，练达的，从容不迫的e.g.AnurbanemanWell-groomeda.(ofaperson)withcarefullytendedhair,clothesetc.干净整洁的，衣冠楚楚的e.g.Healwayslooksverywell-groomed.,StructureAnalysis,PartOne:Para.1-2,Theauthorpresentsthethesisofhisargument:aggressivelyindividualisticandatomizedurbanlifetodaygoesagainstboththepurposeoftheCityandhumannature,andthusisfoolish.,PartTwo:Para.3-9,PartThree:Para.10,Theauthorprovidesevidencefortheidiocyofurbanlife,suchaspeoplelivingoutsidethecityboundaries,maintainingthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff,andisolatingthemselvesfromnature.,Theauthorreiterateshispoint.,PartOnePre-readingquestions:1.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthehumanurbanlife?2.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningratsastruecitydwellers?,Answers:1.Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.2.Theauthormentionsratsatthebeginningofthearticleforthepurposeofcontrastingratswithhumanbeings.Asnaturalinhabitantsofthecity,ratsaresocialcreaturesandleadastableurbanlife.Bycontrast,mosthumandwellersdonotenjoytheurbanlifebutliveoutsidethecityboundaries;andthyliveanindividualisticandatomizedratherthangregariouslife.Therefore,relativelyspeaking,ratsaretruecitydwellers.,巡游，游弋,Languagepoints:,1.civil:1)公民的；文明的Hismannerswascivil,thoughnotparticularlyfriendly.2)公民的;民间的;国内的:civildisorders群众性滋事civilstrife（=conflict)内乱.,“Eventhenewspaperpressesstopturningforestsintolies.”Paraphrase:Eventhenewspaperpublishersstoptheirpropaganda(宣传，鼓吹）bylyingtothereaders.(Thisisawayofsayingthingsmetaphoricallyandcynically.暗喻和辛辣的讽刺手法）,2.cruiseseasilythroughblinkingtrafficlights:在闪烁的交通灯下轻巧地驶过cruise:巡游，游弋Theplaneiscruisingatanaltitudeof35,000feet.Adestroyeriscruisingabout(in)theBalticSea在波罗的海游弋的驱逐舰.,3.duringaninsomniacnight:duringasleeplessnighttransferredepithet性质描述词:移位（tomodifysomethinginanimate)e.g.Hethrewareassuringarmroundmyshoulder.(=Hethrewanarmroundmyshouldertoreassureme)Ihatethesepurposeless(=idling)days.(=IhavethesedayswhichIhavepassedbyidling.)Theysattheirinthoughtfulsilence.(=Theysattheirandtheywerebothinsilenceandmeditation.)Thentherewasalongthoughtfulsilenceallaroundme.(=Allaroundmetherecamealongsilencewhichbroughtpeopleintodeepthought.),“；anditisthey,nottherats,whobringtheratrace.”强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分*应注意的是强调句与其他从句的区别。Onemoreexample:ItisonMondaynightthatallthishappened.(强调句）ItisMondaywhenImethimlasttime.,Ratrace:fiercecompetition商业上竞争；事业上竞争Theratraceisatermoftenusedtodescribeexcessiveworkinfiercecompetitiontomaintainonespositioninworkorlife.Ingeneralterms,ifoneworkstoomuch,oneisintheratrace.Itimpliesthatmanypeopleseeworkasanendlesspursuitwithlittlerewardorpurpose.e.g.1.Ireallywanttogetoutoftheratrace.2.Theylongedtoescapefromtheratraceandmovetothecountryside.,Fourmorephrasesof“rat”:#ratfink(告密人）:sb.whobetraysthetrustofcompatriotsbygivingvitalinformationtotheirenemiese.g.Iwillnevertrustsucharatfink.#rattrap:(slang)肮脏破烂的房屋incrediblyrun-downanddangerousrentalhousingwheretheresidentslivesareindanger(oratleastverydepressedandratsofteninhabitthewallse.g.Icouldntbelievethattheyhavebeenlivingintherattrapformonths.,4.congregate:集合;聚集:Acrowdquicklycongregatedroundthespeaker.gather:1)聚集;集合;召集;搜集:Acrowdsoongathered.2)搜集,采集gatherflowersaccumulate:1)堆积,累积;积蓄accumulatemoneyfor为了存钱2)积,积聚,堆积;储蓄Snowaccumulatedtoadepthoffivefeet.雪已积到五尺深。,PartII:Para3-9,Para3-4:discussthepretense(虚假)ofcitydwellerswhentheytrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries.Para5-6:putforwardthepointthatcityworkismuchlessmeaningfulthanfarming.Para7:provesthatcitydwellersliveandworkinanunrealenvironment.Para8-9:showthedamagedonebytheofficeworktocitydwellersphysicalconditions.,1.Whatistheauthorsevidencethatcitydwellerstrytosimulaterurallife?2.Whatidiocyisthereinthecitydwellerstrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries?,Answers:1.Theevidenceincludestheartificiallymadegreenerythatimitatesfeaturesofthecountryside:patchesofgrassinsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericherones,primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets,andapretensetoboskywoodlands.2.Theidiocyofthepracticeliesinthepretenseofthecitydwellers.Foronething,theydisdainrurallifeontheonehand,andontheotherhandtheytrytosimulateitbycreatinglargeorsmallpatchesofgreeneryaroundtheirrururb,exurborsuburbresidences.Foranother,whiletheyintendtolivearurallifebygoingtothecountry,theyhaveinfactspoiledthenaturalfeaturesoftheruralareasandcreatedurbansurroundingswheretheyhavesettleddown.Asaresult,theirpurposefailsintheend.,Languagepoints:,5.lunacy:1)unsoundnessofmind;insanity;madness精神错乱;精神失常;疯狂.2)veryfoolishbehavior极愚蠢的行为:Itssheerlunacydrivinginthisweather.天气这么坏还开车,简直是疯了.3)Cusupl通常作复数madorfoolishact疯狂的或愚蠢的行动.,6.disdain:v.lookdownupon1)treat(sth/sb)withdisdain(n.);鄙视（某事物某人）;轻视;蔑视:disdainaninvitation,anofferofhelp,apeaceinitiative不屑接受邀请、鄙视他人的援助、对和平建议不屑理会.2)refuse(doing/todosth)becauseofonesdisdain不屑于（做某事）:Hedisdainsgoingtothecinema/tositwithpeoplelikeus.他不屑于去看电影与我们这等人同席而坐.,试比较：despise:sb/sth(forsth)feelcontemptforsb/sth;considersb/sthasworthless鄙视、藐视、看不起某人/某事物:despisehishypocrisy,meanness,conceit,etc鄙视他的虚伪、吝啬、自负等Strike-breakersareoftendespisedbytheirworkmates.破坏罢工的人常为同事所不齿.,Scorn:v.1)feelorshowscornfor(sb/sth)鄙视（某人某事物）:Asaprofessionalpainter,shescornstheeffortsofamateurs.她是专业画家,看不起业余画家的创作.2(a)refuse(sth)proudly傲慢地拒绝（某事物）:scornsbsinvitation,advice,offer轻蔑地回绝某人的邀请、劝告、好意.(b)(fml文)reject(sthoneistooproudtodo)不屑做（某事）:scorntoaskforhelp.不屑于求助Hescornstellinglies.他不屑于撒谎。,7.simulation:imitationoftheconditionsofIwasquitedeceivedbythehersimulationofinnocence.simulate:imitate;givetheappearanceofIncheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.Annesimulatedpleasureatseeinghim,butreallyshewishedthathehadntcome.,“Disdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.”Paraphrase:Althoughtheydislikeandscornrurallife,theyattempttoimitateit.,“Noeffortissparedtoletcitydwellersimaginetheyarelivinganywherebutinthecity:“Sparenoefforttodosth.:takeasmuchtroubleasisnecessarytoachievesth.不遗余力做某事e.g.Thehotelstaffsparednoefforttoensurethatourstaywasasenjoyableaspossible.Paraphrase:Alleffortstheymakearetomakethecityinhabitantsfeeltheyarelivingjustinacity.他们不遗余力地让城里人想象自己现在住的地方绝不是城市：在较为现代化的城郊铺上几块草坪，在更为富裕的远郊，草坪的面积更大。,Inthericheronesfurtheroutintherichersuburbsfartherawayfromthecityboundary“alittleManhattan-by-the-SeaaroundtheHamptons”thisisametaphor,anditreferstothebuildingsandlifestylesoftheurbanlife,“Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspampering.”takethecitywiththem”isametaphoricwaythatrefersto“takethewayofthecitylifetothecountry”Paraphrase:Peopleinthencitycreateallkindsofcityvogueshentheygotothecountry,fortheycannotlivewithoutthefashionablethingsofcitylife.,“Soonthecountrysidewillbejustasnourishingtothem,asthecitydwellerstaketheirfilthwiththem.”不久乡村也会这样滋养着它们，因为城市居民区乡村是也带去了他们的污物。As:1)ad.Equallye.g.Mysistersangassweetlyasanightingale.2)conj.Becausee.g.Hewenttobedearly,ashewasexhausted.,Question:,1.Whatcharacteristicsdoestheauthorthinkcityworkhas?Citywork,accordingtotheauthor,isnotpartofhomelifeandischaracterizedbypointlessfrenzyandjoylessness.,8.frenzy:极度激动的状态;极度狂乱的活动或行为:inafrenzyofzeal,enthusiasm,hate,etc疯狂的激情、热情、仇恨等Thespeakerworkedthecrowdupintoa(stateof)frenzy.演讲者煽动起群众疯狂的情绪.,YMCAYoungMensChristianAssociation基督教青年会ItwasfoundedonJune6,1844inLondon,England,byGeorgeWilliams.TheoriginalintentionoftheorganizationwastooutChristianprinciplesintopractice.,“Itmerelymeansthattotherush-hourtrafficintothecitythereisnowaddedarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorningandbackaroundandacrossthecityintheevening.”这仅仅能说明早上除了城市里会出现交通高峰外，如今郊外在早上也出现了一个交通高峰，还有晚上返城时的交通高峰。Thisisapartlyinvertedsentence,whosenormalorderis:thereisnowarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorningaddedtotherush-hourtrafficintothecity.,paraphrase:Itonlymeansthatthereisnowarush-hourtrafficoutthesuburbsinthemorningaddedtotherush-hourtrafficintothecityandintheeveningtheycomebacktoandacrossthecity.,1.Whatisthemostsymboliclunacyofallurbanlife?Why?2.Whycannotcitydwellershaveanytruesenseofseasonchanges?,1.Themostsymboliclunacyofallurbanlifeisthefactthatwindowsdontopeninthemodernofficebuildinginthecity.Thisisbecausethewindowstheremissmostoftheirpurposes:theyprovideworkerswithnochanceoftrulycommunicatingwithnatureoutsideandtheyevenendangerthelivesofworkersincaseoffire.2.Becausetheyaresubmergedinanartificialenvironmentandhavenochancetocommunicatewithnature.,Scandaln.1)Sth.Thatcausesapublicfeelingofoutrageorindignation丑闻，流言蜚语e.g.Theministerwasforcedtoresignafterascandalinvolvinghimandanotherministerswife.2)Maliciousgossip诽谤e.g.Someonemusthavebeenspreadingscandal.,“Thesewindowsareascandalbecausetheyendangerthelivesofofficeworkersincaseoffire.”Paraphrase:Thesewindowsaredisgracefulbecausetheyputthelivesofofficeworkersindangerifafireshouldoccur.,Notruesenseof感e.g.Asenseofdirection方向感Asenseofhumor幽默感Asenseofjustice正义感“notruesenseofrhythmsoftheseasonistobehadfromalawninthebackyardandafewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.”Paraphrase:alawninthebackyardandafewlongandtallandthintreesstrugglingforlifearenotenoughtogivethedwellersanytruesenseoftheseasonchanges.,即使城市居民在他们郊区的家外面能知道有时天气热了，有时天气冷了，但仅凭他们后院的草坪或几棵半死不活的小树，他们是无法知道季节更迭的真正节奏的。,4.WhatcausesAmericanstobethemostround-shoulderedintheworld?Itistheofficeworkthatmakethemlikethat.Theworkgivesnoexercisetotheworkers,becauseitdemandslittlephysicalexertionontheonehand,andontheotherhand,itinquireslong-timesittingwiththesameposture,damagingthebodyoftheworkers.,9.reel:v.1)sthin/out缠绕（某物);Theanglerreeledthetroutinslowly.钓鱼的人慢慢地收绕钓丝钓起鳟鱼.2)reelsthoff:一口气说或重复某事:reeloffapoem,listofnames,setofinstructions3)摇摆;蹒跚:Ireeledroundinadaze.我头昏眼花走不稳4)(fig比喻)（指心智或头脑）眩晕,迷乱,发昏:Theveryideasetsmyheadreeling.就是那念头把我弄得晕头转向.,“Thecitydwellersreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachday,alwaystryingtorecovertherurallifethathasbeensurrenderedforthecitylights.”Paraphrase:Thecitydwellersmovessteadilyfromunrealenvironmenttounrealonesallthetimebyalwaysrecreatingtherurallifethathasgivenwaytothecitylights.Fonda-izetheirleisuredoallkindsoffashionableexercisesintheirleisuretime,10.exert:v.1)sth(onsb/sth)运用，发挥，施加Heexertedallhisinfluencetomakethemaccepthisplan.他用尽一切影响力使他们接受他的计划.Herhusbandexertedalotofpressureonhertosucceed.她丈夫殷切期望她能成功,给了她很大的压力.2)nopassive不用于被动语态oneselfmakeaneffort努力;尽力:Youllhavetoexertyourselfmoreifyouwanttopassyourexam.你若想考试及格,就必须更加努力.*Hedoesnthavetoexerthimselfonmybehalf.他不必为我费那么大力气.,PartThreePre-readingquestions:1.WhatistheexampleofaDouglasfirusedtoillustrate?2.Whatistheidiocyofurbanlifeconcludedinthelastparagraph?,Answers:1.Itisusedtoillustratethatcitydwellersridiculouslyimitaterurallifeandhavenotruecommunicationswithnature.2.Ontheonehand,citydwellerstrytosimulaterurallife,andontheotherhand,theydisdainandmockthislife.,Compensatefor:makeupof弥补e.g.Nothingcancompensateforthelossoftime.光阴一去不复返。“slumpingalongtheirstreets”walkingwithstoopingheadandshouldersalongtheirstreets垂头哈腰地走在大街上,城里人日复一日地生活在非现实之中，自命不凡、举止愚蠢，他们即使在赶路时也是步履沉重，他们从不仰视他们的建筑，更不会仰望天空。恰恰是这种生活使他们带着傲慢的神情蔑视和讥讽供养他们的乡下人的有益且有回报的生活。,RhetoricalFeaturesMetonymy借代e.g.thelonesteepsofsome-isolatedpeople12days-ChristmasDayIrony讽刺e.g.turningforestsintolies-doingpropagandaworkonpaper,Metaphor比喻e.g.turningforestsintolies-doingpropagandaworkonpapertakethecitywiththem-takethewayofcitylifewiththemtherhythmsoftheseasons-changesoftheseasons,Thesisoftheargument:,Aggressivelyindividualisticandatomizedurbanlifetodaygoesagainstboththepurposeofthecityandthehumannature.Citiesembodyboththebestandworstaspectsofcivilization.Ontheonehand,thediversityofpeoplesandactivitiesencouragesinnovationandcreativity,whichinturncreateopportunitiesthatattractmorepeople.Ontheother,problemsofovercrowdedness,crime,poverty,andpollutionareworsening.Cities,therefore,havecometoreflectthehopesandfearsofthemodernworld.,1.PeoplesaythatByronlivedonvinegarandpotatoes.2.Theyweretowingthedamagedshipintoharbourwhenthetowlinebroke.3.Theyarelengtheningtherunwaysatallthemainairports.4.Expertshaveprovedthatthisscientifictheoryisfalse.5.Getabuildertoputinaliftandthenyouwonthavetoclimbupallthesestairs.,6.Ouropponentsmusthavestartedthisrumour.7.Theauthoritiesputthisshipintoquarantineandforbadepassengersandcrewtoland.8.PeoplesaythatearlyEgyptianandGreeksoldiersusedcarrierpigeons.,不及物动词主动表被动的用法,当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：Thedoorwontshut.这门关不上。Thesupermarketdoorsshutautomatically.超市的门是自动关的。,【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与cant,wont等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：Thewindowwontshut.这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性窗户有问题了)Thewindowwontbeshut.这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关),当sell，read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：Theclothwasheswell.这种布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.这书销售得快。Thischeesedoesntcuteasily.Itstoosoft.这乳酪不容易切，太软了。Thisshirtwillwearverylong.这衬衫可以穿很久。,【注】该用法通常与well,easily,slowly,quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：Thesentencesreadclearly.这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)Thesentencesarereadclearly.这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好),非谓语动词用主动表被动,不定式toblame,tolet用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动：Whoistoblame?该怪谁呢？Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。,1.Thedoorwontlock.2.Thedoorhasntbeenlocked3.Hisnewnovelsellswell.4.Thegirldoesntphotographwell.5.Hehasnotbeenphotographedwell.6.Thismaterialdoesntdyewell.7.Theflatistolet.8.Therailwaydivideshereintotwolines.,pensate8.ratrace,1.idiotic2.urbanity举止文雅n.3.solitary孤独的4.exerted5.insolent6.grieved(grievous悲伤的)7.lunatic8.habitat产地，栖息地(habitable可居住的),1.B2.C3.C好交往的4.A5.B糟糕的6.A7.A8.B弥补，抵消,1.bearing,stance2.impolite,rude,ill-mannered3.friendly,social,sociable4.modestly,timidly,gently5.smelly,stinking,foul,malodorous6.thin,lanky7.accept,rlk;