西南大学考博英语测试题三

西南大学2009年博士研究生入学考试英语考试试卷三Part l Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the following sentences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. Finding the cause of a disease will provide a _for research on a cure for it. A. prospect B. Incentive C. spur D. inducement2. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should _them as soon as possible. A. rectify B. reclaim C. refrain D. reckon3. Years after the accident he was still _by images of death and destruction. A. twisted B. haunted C. dipped D. submerged4. It is a generous and receptive intelligence that was _from attaining its full scope by bad training, poor school and lack of opportunity. A. foiled B. thwarted C. balked D. inhabited5. The head window of the car is made of safety glass that wont _if it is broken.A. shatter B. shudder C. crush D. crumple6. The mechanic jacked up the car and then _to change the tire. A. advanced B. went C. proceeded D. moved7. As I have mentioned, an important source of human stress is the _ between the demands of the individual and those of his society. A. splash B. smash C. crash D. clash8. From his directions, it shouldnt be difficult to _ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before. A. determine B. locate C. unearth D. ascertain9. His thoughts were _from this painful topic by the sudden arrival of a neighbor. A. attracted B. retracted C. distracted D. protracted10. If something _, it gradually develops and changes over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced. A. revolves B. evolves C. resolves D. involves 11. A careful daily reading of the newspaper will _the reader as to what is happening. A. acquaint B. advise C. enlighten D. appreciate12. A _statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is not so. A. reasonable B. plausible C. credible D. laudable13. Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, there final evaluations of it necessarily remain _. A. arbitraryB. estimableC. unspoken D. equivocal 14. His constant attempts to _his colleagues achievement eventually caused his dismissal. A. withdrawB. diminishC. restrain D. confine 15. The age of the general practitioner is over. More end more graduates of medical schools lend to _, that is, to concentrate on limited areas of their research.A. generalizeB. rationalizeC. study D. specialize 16. I can think of nothing more _than arriving at the theater and discovering that I have left the tickets at home. A. viciousB. invitingC. vexations D. immoral17. It would be difficult for one so _to be led to believe that all men are equal and that we must disregard race, color, and creed.A. emotional B. broadminded C. tolerant D. intolerant 18. American literary historians are perhaps _to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.A. prone B. legible C. incompatible D. prior19. The doctor pondered for a while, trying to recall which of several medications would be best to _the patients suffering.A. alleviate B. restrict C. decrease D. diminish20. According to Plato, the most important idea is the idea of “good”. Knowledge of “geed” is the object of all inquiry, a goal to which all other things are_.A. approximate B. crucial C. subordinate D. detachedPart 2 Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D, students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low- income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the speculative boom of the 1990s (which，among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly)was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, he path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path likely will revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into ever more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.21. The rapid globalization of science _.A. has led to the rapid growth of the Internet. B. has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careersC. has resulted in the fierce competition of scientific training in the U.S.D. has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership 22. According to this text _.A. the careers, unattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign studentsB. Science and engineering clients are unattractive exclusively to U.S. StudentsC. U.S. students are not courageous enough to face foreign competitionD. U.S. Students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students23. It can be inferred from the text that _.A. Scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic science B. it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near futureC. the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat unhealthyD. the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades24. All of the following might have contributed to globalization except_. A. the unprecedented development of InternetB. the closer contact of universities with private marketsC. real-time communication between business functionsD. the prevalence of wide-bandwidth international communication 25. This text is mainly about _.A. the scientific leadership of the U.S.B. the shortage of scientists in the U.S.C. the rapid globalization of scienceD. better communication and globalization Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage In recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an insult to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly respect. Privatization and the business model are the potential menace.What do these notions mean? To me, they involve an increased dependence on industry and philanthropy for operating the university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical Subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary treatment of research results, with the commercial interest in secrecy overriding the publics interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customers and, as the old saying goes, the customer is always right.Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with a medicine-making company, made public her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently reinstated. The university and hospital in question are now working out something akin to tenure for hospital-based researchers and guidelines for contracts, so that more public exposure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep valuable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist on secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic. This prevented others from reviewing the relevant; data and pointing out those problems were more serous than government was letting on.26. From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life has become_.A. more convenientB. rather uglyC. somewhat harmfulD. no more aesthetic than before27. The author believes that we should pay_.A. more attention to the immediate needs and demands of our customersB. due attention to the public interest in free，shared knowledgeC. 1ittle attention to applied subjectsD. considerable attention to the commercial interest in the secrecy of research results28. The researcher mentioned in the third paragraph was fired because_.A. she worked for a pharmaceutical companyB. she was obliged to keep her discoveries secretC. she failed to keep her research results secretD. she committed herself to a contract with a company29. It is implied in the passage that_. A. the general public is too naive to accept the “privatization” B. it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded research C. the notion that “the customer is always right” is out of date D. the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more serious than what was disclosed30. The author argues for_.A. public disclosure of privately funded researchB. profit-driven private fundingC. the cooperation of universities and hospitalsD. the increasing commercialization the campusQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passageOne motivational analyst who became curious to know why there had been a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in the supermarkets. s suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this were true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute, If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and under extreme tension, he may blink them 50 or 60 times a minute. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his camera and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to himTheir eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down to very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fall into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnotic trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they are available to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say buy me, buy me . 31. Vicarys curiosity was aroused by the fact that _ _.A. there was a decrease in sales in the supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in womens buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully32. According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of _ _. A. the truth or falsity of a statement B. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person33. Mr. Vicarys test _ _.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering store, decreased rather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a womans reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible to determine.34. After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _ _.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority complex when in supermarkets35. Implied but not stated that _ _.A. quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. the first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. research conducted by motivation analysts can disprove their original premisesD. supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie CamerasQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passageThe 150 million people who live out side the country of their birth make up less than 2.5 percent of world population, but they have an importance far beyond their numbers. Some international migrant are refugees or students, but those with the most impact are economic migrants, drawn to places such as Los Angeles, where the wages may be three times greater than those in Bombay. Three migrants tend to be young and willing to work for low wages. Through traditionally unskilled, a growing number are highly educated.Immigration is now the major contribution to demographic change in many developed countries. In the U.S., according to the latest U.S. Census Bureau projection, the population will grow by 129 million in the period from 2000 to 2050, but if immigration stops it would go up by just 54 million. Western Europes population is 42 percent greater than that of the U.S., but its projected immigration is only about half that of the U.S., as a consequence, the region expected to lose 28 million people over the next 50 years. Japan, which has close to zero net migration, is projected to lose 26 million by 2050. (Death will start outrunning births in west Europe and Japan around the middle of this decade).During he past six years, the U.S. receives 27 percent of the worlds international migrants, compared with 9 percent by Germany, the second most popular destination. One fourth of all migrants to the U.S. went to California; favorite cities, in order of the number of foreign-born, are Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Miami and Chicago.International migrants primarily come form developing countries, with China at 14 percent and Mexico at 8 percent being the largest so