NFPA基本消防及生命安全规范架构PPT课件

精选,1,BasicFire&LifeSafetyforRadiationSafetyProfessionals,RobertEmery,DrPH,CHP,CIH,CSP,RBP,CHMM,CPP,ARMVicePresidentforSafety,Health,Environment,RiskManagement&QualityAssuranceTheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHoustonAssociateProfessorofOccupationalHealthTheUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth,精选,Whydoweneedfireandlifesafetycodes?,AccordingtotheNFPA,in2007therewere530,500structurefiresoneeveryminute3,000civiliandeathsoneevery2.5hours15,350civilianinjuriesoneevery30minutes$10,600,000,000inpropertydamageAfiredepartmentrespondedtoafireevery20seconds,精选,Objectives,IntroducethecodesthatdrivefireandlifesafetycomplianceOverviewoffiredetectionandsuppressionProvidetoolstoconductabasicfireandlifesafetyassessment,精选,FireRegulationsandCodes,SafetyandHealthRegulationsOSHA(29CFR1910&1926)FireandLifeSafetyCodesInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)MunicipalRequirements,IBC,OSHA,NFPA,NIOSH,精选,AdditionalRequirements,AllcodesareminimumrequirementsInsurancecompanyrequirementsCompanypoliciesTheJointCommissionStateand/orCityrequirements,精选,HowareTheseCodesEnforced,Codesareadoptedbyreferencebyordinance.Plansforremodelingoranewconstructionmustbeapprovedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingwork.StateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJTakeHomeMessageKnowwhatcode(s)applytoyouroperation,精选,WhichdoIfollow?,Remodelingornewconstructionplansmustbeapprovedbyauthorityhavingjurisdiction(AHJ)priortostartingworkStateFireMarshalsOfficeLocalFireDepartmentorCityCodeOfficialsDesignatedLocalAHJ,精选,FeaturesofBuildingFireandLifeSafety,AlarmsSprinklersRatedCorridorsExitAccessNumberofRequiredExitsEgressWidthsOccupantLoadsElevatorRecallFireRatedDoors&Frames,SmokeControlRatedStairwellsFireproofingRequirementsElectricalSafetyConstructionCombustibilityFireandSmokeDampersEmergencyPowerRoofAssemblies,精选,FireAlarmSystems,PlayanEssentialRoleinProtectingPropertyandLivesFromFire.ProtectionGoalsGovernsSystemSelectionBuildingOccupantSafetySatisfyBuildingCodesorAHJRequirementsPropertyProtectionFirstResponderSafetyEnvironmentalProtectionCombination,精选,FireAlarmSystems,IBCreferencesNFPA72forinstallationandmaintenanceNFPA72NationalFireAlarmCodeBasicComponentsPanelDetectionManualAlarmNotificationOff-PremisesConnectionforSupervision,精选,FireAlarmSystems,FireAlarmSystemWillProvideThreeTypesofSignalsAlarmTroubleindicatesafaultinamonitoringcircuitorcomponentofthefirealarmsystemBadsmokedetectorGroundfaultSupervisoryindicatesaproblemwithotherfireprotectionsystemsbeingmonitoredbythefirealarmsystemWatervalvetosprinklersystemclosedCleanagentsystemproblem,Alarm,Supervisory,Trouble,精选,Off-PremisesConnectionforSupervision,精选,CommonFireDetection,SmokeDetectorIonizationPhotoelectricHeatDetectorsFixedTemperatureRate-of-Rise,精选,ManualPullStations,ManualpulldeviceswillbelocatedonthewallActivatedbypullingonahandleSendssignaltobuildingsfirealarmsystemwhichplacesthebuildingintoalarm,精选,NotificationAppliances,Audiblealarms(Howloudisloudenough?)PublicSPLmustbe5dBaboveanyambientnoisethatlasts60sec.ormore,or15dBabovethe24-hraverage,whicheverisgreaterSleepingquartersMinimumof75dBA,精选,NotificationAppliances,VoiceCommunicationBettertohavealargernumberoflowerSPLunitsvs.afewveryloudunitsIntelligibilitycanbeaproblem,精选,NotificationAppliances,VisualalarmsPrimarilyintendedtoaugmentaudiblealarmsCommonLocationsofVisualAlarmsCorridorsMeetingroomsRestroomsEnclosedelevatorlobbies,精选,FireAlarmSystemInterfaces,HeatingVentilationandAirConditioningDuctdetectorsAHUshut-downSprinklerwaterflowalarmsMagneticlockreleasemechanismsDoorunlockingdevicesElevatorrecallStairwellpressurization,精选,SystemReliability,BasedonFourElementsDesignEquipmentUnderwritersLaboratoriesFactoryMutualGlobalInstallationMaintenanceInspection,Testing,andMaintenancearecrucialUnfortunately,someproblemsmaybeidentifiedafterthepreviousthreehavebeencompleted,精选,FireSuppression,WaterBasedSuppressionCleanAgentSystemsFireExtinguishers,精选,WaterBasedSuppression,Wet-PipeSystemcontainswaterunderpressureatalltimesSeriesofclosedsprinklerheadsHeatactivatessprinklerheadWaterisdischargedimmediately*Notrecommendedifsystemcouldbeexposedtotemperaturesbelow40F,精选,Wet-PipeSystem,MainvalveAlarmcheckvalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspectorstestvalve,精选,Wet-PipeSystem,OnlythesprinklerheadsheatedbythefireactivateFiresprinklersspray18gallonsofwaterperminute,Sprinklerhead,Astemperaturerisesthebulbwillshatter,Waterisreleasedanddeflectedinaspraypattern,精选,SprinklerColorCodesandRatings,精选,FieldMethodforTemporaryStoppageofSprinklerHead,精选,Dry-PipeSystem,SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupSprinklerheadsholdthepressureAdry-pipevalveholdsbackthewatersupplyValveopenswhenpressurefallsbelowapredeterminedlevelSprinklerheadactivationpressuredropvalveopenswatersenttoallheadswaterdischargedfromactivatedsprinklerhead(s)*Recommendedforareasthatcouldexperiencefreezingtemperatures,精选,HowdoDry-PipeSystemsWork?,HeatActivated,PressureDrop,WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead,Watersenttoallsprinklerheads,ValveOpens,精选,Dry-PipeSystem,SupplycheckvalveMainvalveDrypipevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerheadInspectorstestvalve,精选,Pre-actionSystem,SystemcontainsairunderpressureCompressoronsystemkeepspressureupWaterheldbackbypre-actionvalveSystemequippedwithsupplementaldetectionOperationofdetectionsystemallowspre-actionvalvetoopenandwaterfillsthesystemWaternotdischargeduntilfirehasgeneratedsufficientheattoactivateasprinklerhead*Typicallyfoundincomputerroomsandmuseums,精选,HowdoPre-ActionSystemsWork?,SmokeDetected,WaterDischargesfromactivatedhead,Watersenttoallsprinklerheads,ValveOpens,精选,Pre-actionSystem,SupplycheckvalveMainvalveWatercontrolordelugevalveFiredepartmentcheckvalveFiredepartmentconnectionWatermotoralarmSprinklerhead(closed)DetectorElectricalbellManualreleasestationControlpanelInspectorstestvalve,精选,FirePumps,FirepumpsareutilizedwhenthehydraulicdemandexceedspublicsupplycapacityComponentsPumpandmotorControllersJockeypumpWatertank,精选,WaterSupply,StandpipeSystemClassI2inchhoseconnectionintendedforfiredepartmentuseClassII1inchhoseconnectionsintendedforfirst-aidfirefightingClassIIIProvidedwithboth2inchand1inchhoseconnectionsFireDepartmentConnection,精选,SuppressionWithoutWater,HalonNFPA12ABeingphasedoutper1987MontrealProtocolCarbonDioxideNFPA12CleanAgentNFPA2001Inertgasformulation*Thesesystemsareoftennotrecognizedasallowablesubstituteforwatersuppression,精选,FireExtinguishers,NFPA10standardforportablefireextinguishersSelectappropriateextinguisherforareaClassA,B,C,D,andKIdentifyhazardoccupancyLightHazardOffices,schools,assemblyhallsOrdinaryHazardMercantilestorage,parkinggaragesHighHazardWoodworkingarea,warehouses,精选,ConductingaBasicAssessment,DetermineYourBuildingOccupancyTypeFirstIBCOccupancyClassificationsAssembly:GroupA-1,A-2,A-3,A-4andA-5Business:GroupBEducational:GroupEFactoryandIndustrial:GroupsF-1andF-2HighHazard:GroupsH-1,H-2,H-3,H-4,andH-5Institutional:GroupI-1,I-2,I-3andI-4Mercantile:GroupMResidential:GroupsR-1,R-2,R-3andR-4Storage:GroupsS-1andS-2UtilityandMiscellaneous:GroupU,精选,ConductingaBasicAssessment,AdditionalDetailedRequirementsBasedonUseandOccupancyCoveredMallBuildingsHigh-RiseBuildingsAtriumsUndergroundBuildingsMotor-Vehicle-RelatedOccupanciesMotionPictureProjectionRo