高考必考语法改错之被动语态十大经典错误ppt课件.ppt

高考必考语法改错,被动语态,错中学易掌握印象深永不忘,1,歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。,被动语态的构成。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1am/is/are+done一般现在时2has/havebeendone现在完成时3am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4was/weredone一般过去时5hadbeendone过去完成时6.was/werebeingdone过去进行时.7shall/willbedone一般将来时例8should/wouldbedone过去将来时例9shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）10should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）,被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。,2,【改错】,注意！,1.Thebookgotwrittenbyhim.,特点1通常不接bysb.，但有时接bysth.。特点2用get的地方，一般可用be代替，但用be的地方不一定能用get代替。特点3get多用于一般过去时。特点4这种结构大多是表示状态的系表结构。如：Hegotdrunk.他喝醉了。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,was,_,“get+过去分词”的四个特点,3,get+pp(过去分词)的用法(getdone结构),get是系动词，后接过去分词或形容词作表语，表示状语的改变，意为“被，变得”。它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。getdressed/changedgetmarriedgetburnt/burnedgetdrunkgetstartedgetlostgetcaughtintheraingetdamagedgetexcitedgetkilledgetpaidgethurt,穿衣服/换衣服结婚烧伤,晒黑喝醉开始迷路被雨淋湿遭到破坏激动丧命得到报酬受伤,4,【考点】“get过去分词”结构。【考例】1.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwonthavetimeto_beforetheparty.(NMET04-28)2.BecarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreetIfnot,youmay_byacar(北京2002)3.HowaretheteamplayingTheyreplayingwell,butoneofthem_(北京2002春)4.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，I_frommyfriends.(NMET2001)5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusually_bythehour.,getchanged“换衣服”getrunover，gothurt，gotseparated，getpaid,getchanged,getrunover,gothurt,gotseparated,getpaid,5,【改错】,注意！,2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksareofferedtothenationasagift.,解析：alibrary是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语(library)是单数。注意：withfivethousandbooks是alibrary是定语。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,is,_,将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题,6,1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_(encourage)toworkonlineathome.2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_(wash)eachyear.,areencouraged,arebeingwashedaway,语法填空：,7,3.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcitysince2000.,【改错】,takeplace和happen都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。breakout,breakin，belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,occur等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,不及物动词或短语,8,Thetrafficaccidentwashappenedyesterday.Illcomeafterthemeetingiftime_(permit).Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.,permits,我练、我练、我练练！,9,【改错】,注意！,4.IYourpronunciationshouldbepaidattention.,有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,短语动词变成被动语态介词、副词不能丢,10,1.Thedoctorhasbeensent_.(介词)2.Yourhomeworkshouldbehanded_afterclass(副词)3.Womenwerelookeddown_intheolddays.4.Hishousewasbroke_byathieflastnight.5.Newly-bornbabiesaretakengoodcare_inhospital.,for,in,语法填空：,upon/on,into,of,11,6.Thepatientisbeingoperated_.,on,短语动词常见的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon,7.Goodcaremust_babies,particularlywhiletheyareill.,betakenof,betakenof,解析：由固定短语takegoodcareof(好好照看)是可知，goodcare与take是被动关系,12,【改错】,注意！,5.ShewasheardsinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.,有些动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listento,let,make等，要求不带不定式符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to,原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,13,1.Theboywasmade_crybyhissister.,语法填空：,to,But:Thestrangewasletgo.,14,【改错】,注意！,61.WhomwasEnglishspokeninthenextroomjustnow?,WhospokeEnglishinthenextroomjustnow?(主动语态)先把who当作主语sb变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。Englishwasspokenbywhominthenextroomjustnow?疑问词要放在句首变为：WhomwasEnglishspokenbyinthenextroomjustnow?介词by可以同whom一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,by,15,62.Frenchisalsotaughtbyourschool.,【改错】,by引出动作发出者;我们学校也教法语。翻译成OurschoolalsoteachesFrench.是错误的。当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，通常用被动语态。Frenchisalsotaughtinourschool.,in,_,被动语态十大经典错误例析,16,1.Peopleshouldbestopped_cuttingmoretrees.,语法填空：,from,stop/prevent/keepsb/sth(from)doingsth阻止干某事。在主动语态中from可以省去，变成被动句sb/sthbestopped/preventedfromdoingsth.from不可省。Keepsb/sthfromdoingsth意思也是“阻止干（做）事”无论在主动语态或被动语态中，from不能省去,若省去from就变成keepsb/sthdoingsth使某人一直干某事。,17,2._wasthenewbridgebuilt?3.Thedoctorisknown_usall.4.Themedicalteamismadeup_twodoctorsandtennurses.,Bywhom,to,of,18,【改错】,注意！,5.Thejobhadbetterbeenfinishedaheadoftime.,含hadbetter的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同can,may,must等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有seemto,happento,usedto,haveto,beableto等。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,be,_,19,【改错】,注意！,7.AmathsproblemwasdiscussedwhenIenteredtheclassroom.,现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is/are+being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为was/were+being+过去分词。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,being,20,-Haveyoumovedintoyournewhouse?-No,it_(paint)now.,语法填空：,isbeingpainted,21,【改错】,注意！,8.Aninterestingstorywastoldmelastnight.,tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.Sb.betoldsth.Sth.betoldtosb.,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,22,Thecupwithmixturewasshowed_theclass.2.Somecountrymusicwasplayed_us.3.Aquestionwasasked_mebyhim.,to,for,of,bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。,build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。,23,【改错】,注意！,9.Theyhavemarriedfor2years.,强调状态,被动语态十大经典错误例析,been,24,10.Thisbookissoldwellhere.,【改错】,有些动词，如act,add,brush,burn,clean,cook,count,cut,draw,drive,keep,lock,look,open,read,sell,smell,smoke,strike,wash,wear,write等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是：主语往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外，后面往往带有well这一类副词或者修饰主语的形容词。,selling,_,被动语态十大经典错误例析,主动表被动,25,Thiskindofcloth_(wash)well.Thesoup_(taste)wonderful.,语法填空：,washes,tastes,taste,feel,look,sound,smell,appear等，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。,主动表被动,3.Thepatientneeds_.(takecareof),takingcareof,tobetakencareof,need,want,require三个词的主语是后面跟的动词的承受者时，动名词用主动形式，表示被动意思.不定式用被动形式，句型为：sb/sthneeds/wants/requiresdoing/tobedone,26,4.Eggswont_(keep)longinsummer.5.Englishisnoteasy_(learn).6.Pleaselendmeapen_(write).,keep,tolearn,towritewith,Themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句),27,非谓语动词用主动形式表被动意义的6种场合（详见非谓语动词）在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语的不定式，用主动表被动。在have，with，therebe后的名词后的不定式，表示“有要”时，用主动表示被动。在This/That/These/Thosebe后的名词后的不定式，用主动表被动。不定式toblame，tolet等作表语时，用主动表示被动。在表示“（某物）需要”的need，want，require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。在beworth后的动名词用主动表示被动,28,【改错】,注意！,11.ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundonOctober1,1949.,find-found-foundfound-founded-founded,被动语态十大经典错误例析,founded,29,【改错】,注意！,12.Wetclothesareoftenhangedupnearafireinrainyweather.,hang-hanged-hanged绞死；上吊hang-hung-hung悬挂,被动语态十大经典错误例析,hung,30,【改错】,注意！,13.Onlyaftermyfriendcamedidthecomputerrepaired.（NMET2005福建卷）,将语态与倒装结合起来命题,被动语态十大经典错误例析,was,31,Icantseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.Hasitallbeenfinished?(NMET2005春),32,1-Sowhatistheprocedure?【2013北京】-Alltheapplicants_(interview)beforeafinaldecision_(make)bytheauthority.,【填空】,areinterviewed,被动语态第一题,【解析】考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.1,ismade,一般现在时,33,1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_(complete).(NMET1994)2.Wewontstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_(make).（2014天津卷）3.Hundredsofjobs_(lose)ifthefactorycloses.,iscompleted,havebeenmade,willbelost,【解析】通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。,复合句中，从句用一般时表将来,语法填空：,34,2.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_(design)forentertainmentandeducation.(辽宁卷06-31),【填空】,weredesigned,被动语态第二题,表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.2,一般过去时,35,3.Morepatients_(treat)inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.(NMET2004，江苏，26),【填空】,havebeentreated,被动语态第三题,根据thisyear确定为现在完成时。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.3,现在完成时,36,4.Althoughthecausesofcancer_(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.(山东卷06-28),【填空】,arebeinguncovered,被动语态第四题,表示现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.4,现在进行时,37,5.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_(complete)inBeijing.(上海2003春),【填空】,hadbeencompleted,被动语态第五题,由由短语Bytheendoflastyear可知完成这一动作发生在过去的过去.表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.5,过去完成时,38,6.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_(complete)by2006.(2004高考北京卷-27),【填空】,willhavebeencompleted,被动语态第六题,表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.6,将来完成时,39,7.Therice_(burn)ifyouhadbeenmorecareful