The-Idiocy-of-Urban-Life.ppt

TheIdiocyofUrbanLife,ByHenryFairle,urbanambition-controlthecity,officebuildingsinthecities,pamperingofurbanlife,fasturbanlife,suburb,BackInformation,城市化（urbanization）一般指人口向城市地区的过程。地区聚集和乡村地区转变为城市地区的过程。郊区城市化（suburburbanization）人口的主要流向是城市中、上阶层人口移居市郊或外围地带，这就是郊区城市化。,逆城市化（counterurbanization）20世纪70年代以来，发达国家以及一些大城市中心市区郊区人口向外迁移，迁向离城市更远的农村和小城镇，出现了与城市化相反的人口流动的现象。逆城市化也称城市中心空洞化。逆城市化不是城市化的衰败，而是城市化扩展的一种新形式，它是建立在城乡差别近于消失、形成一体化的基础上，乡村、小城镇的交通、水、电、信息等设施完善，再加上优越的自然风光，吸引了久在城市中面对浑浊空气、噪声的大城市居民到乡村、城镇暂住、定居，从而导致逆城市化现象，如美国、西欧的一些发达国家，逆城市化现象明显。,具体表现在大城市中心区萎缩，中小城镇迅速发展；乡村人口数量增多，城市人口向乡村居民点和小城镇回流。再城市化（re-urbanization)面对经济结构老化，人口减少，老城市积极调整产业结构，发展高新技术产业和第三产业，积极开发市中心衰弱区，以吸引年轻的专业人员回城居住，出现的再城市化。,BackInformation,HenryJonesFairlie(13January1924London,England-25February1990Washington,D.C.)wasaBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcritic.SometimesmistakenlybelievedtohavecoinedthetermtheEstablishment,ananalysisofhowalltherightpeoplecametorunBritainlargelythroughsocialconnections,hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlantic,appearinginTheSpectator,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorker,andmanyotherpapersandmagazines.Hewasalsotheauthoroffivebooks,mostnotablyTheKennedyPromise,anearlyrevisionistcritiqueoftheU.S.presidencyofJohnF.Kennedy.,Pre-readingQuestions,1.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweencitylifeandcountrylife?2.Wheredoyouprefertolive,inthecityorthecountry?,Structuralanalysisofthetext,Part1(1-2):Introduction,theauthorgivesusthestatement,Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized,andthesebehaviorarefoolish.,Part2(3-9):theauthorprovidesfortheidiocyofurbanlife.cityworkismuchlessmeaningfulthanfarming;citydwellerstrytoliveinthesuburbs,exurbsandrururbs;theenvironmentofthecitydwellersliveisunrealandthecitydwellersarefarawayformthenature.,Part3(10):theauthorreiteratetheidiocyoftheurbanlife,onetheonehandthecitydwellersaretryingtosimulatetherurallife,ontheotherhandtheydisdainandmocktherurallife.,paragraph1,Q:WhydidtheauthorsaythatBetweenabout3a.m.thecityiscivil?A:Becauseinthatperiodmostpeoplesleptathomeandtherewassoquitearoundthecity,nofiercecompetition,nofastlife,justsomesleepyguys.,civil(公民的，文明的。反义词：barbarism，野蛮社会）nowandthen-sometimescruise(n.乘船游览，航行。aluxurycruiseship.豪华游轮。e.g.Idlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.我很想乘船周游世界。v.乘船游轮，巡行，轻取。）,paragraph2,Q:Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthehumanurbanlife?A:Theauthortakethehumanlifetocomparetothegregariouslifeofrats,andhumanlifeinthecityisindividualistandcompetitive,andthisisidiotic.,Theseratsaresocialcreatures,asyoucantellifyoulookoutonthecitystreetduringaninsomniacnight.as引导定语从句，if引导的是条件状语从句。ratrace-fiercecompetition,Citiesarenotsocialplaces-citieswereusedtocommunicatewithothers,butnowpeoplewholiveinthecitiesdontwannacommunicate,becausetheyhavestronglyindividualistic.,paragraph3,Q:Whatistheauthorsevidencethatcitydwellerstrytosimulaterurallife?A:Theytrytoputsomepatchesofgrassinsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericheronesfurtherout,primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets.,two-leggedcreatures-citydwellersDisdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.-Thissentenceusedironytodescribethatthecitydwellerswannaliveinthecountrysidebuttheyalsodisdaintherurallife.,paragraph4,Q:Whythecitydwellersbroughtmanyfashionablethingstothecountryside,andeventakethecitywiththemtothecountry?A:Becausecitypeoplecannotlivewithouttheurbangoodsfortheyhavealreadydevelopedthehabitofusingthefashionableandluxuriousthings.,.asearlyaspossibleonFridayheadoutofthecity.-正常的语序，headoutofthecityasearlyaspossibleonFridayheadout-go,start,paragraph5,Q:Whatsthedifferencebetweenrurallifeandcitylife?(Paragraph5)A:Inthecity,workandhome,familyandchurchareseparated,butinthecountryiscontrary.,Whattheofficeworkersdoforalivingisnotpartoftheirhomelife.-what引导的主语从句。Atthesametimetheymaintainthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff.-Thissentencemeansthatpeoplewhooverworkinthecitydontenjoytheirwork.hoursoff-theyarenotworkingatthattime,paragraph6,Q:Whatsanotheridiocyofthecitydwellers?(Paragraph6)A:Theyevenmovetheirofficestothesuburbs.,notnecessarily-未必，不一定unnecessarily-不必要地，徒然Itmerelymeansthattotherush-hourtrafficintothecitythereisnowaddedarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorning,andbackaroundandacrossthecityintheevening.-Thissentencemeansthatpeoplebringmanythingsintothesuburbsandthesuburbswillbecomeprosperinthefuture.,paragraph7,Q:Whycannotcitydwellershaveanytruesenseofseasonchanges?A：Becausecitypeopleareliveinanartificialenvironmentandhavenochancetocommunicatewiththenature.Thewindowsoftheirofficedonotopen,andalawninthebackyardandafewtreesarefarfromtogivethematruesenseofrhythmsoftheseasons.,Outdoorsissomethingyoucanlookatthroughglassbutnottotouchorhear.正常语序，somethingisoutdoors.-thissentencemeansthatpeopleareliveawayfromthenature,andalsoindicateanotheridiocyoftheurbanlife.,Evenoutsidesathomeintheirsuburbsthecitydwellers.butnosenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsistobe.tosurvive.-Thissentencealsoindicatethatthecitydwellersarefarawayfromthenature.,paragraph8,Thecitydwellersreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachdayalwaystryingtorecovertherurallifethathasbeensurrenderedforthecitylights.-citypeoplemovefromofficebuildingtotheirhomeeverydayandtheyalwaystryingtorecoverthecountrysideslifethathasbeengivenawaytothepamperingofthecity.,paragraph9,Q:WhatcausesAmericanstobethemostround-shoulderedintheworld?A:ItstheofficeworkthatmakesAmericansthemostround-shoulderedintheworld,theydonthaveenoughexercisebucauseitrequireslongtimetokeepthesameposture,buttheydonthavesomuchtime.,Electrictypewriterscutdowntheamountofphysicalexertionneededtohitthekeys;thebuttonsofawordprocessorneedevenlesseffort,asyoucantellfromthepostureofthosewhousethem.-Thissentenceusedexaggerationtoindicatethatcitypeoplewasverylazy.,paragraph10,Q:WhatistheexampleofaDouglasfirusedtoillustrate?A:Itisusedtoillustratethatcitydwellersridiculouslyimitaterurallifeandhavenotruecommunicationswiththenature.,Everythinginurbanlifeisanefforteithertosimulaterurallifeortocompensateforitslossbyartificialmeans.-to-inordertoitsloss-citypeoplelackofnaturalexercise.Ofcoursecitydwellersdontknowitoncehadroots.-Thissentencemeanscitypeopledontknowthenature,becausetheyusuallydontgetclosertothenaturefortheyallarelivingintheenclosurespace.,words,atomize(atomise)v使分裂成原子，使雾化，使成微粒atomizer(atomiser)n.雾化器，喷雾器。congregatev聚集，集合，群集e.g.Wearecongregatedforameeting.我们集合起来开会。,congregationn.（教堂的）会众congregationalism公理制，公理主义disdainv.鄙视，轻视，n.短语disdainforsb/sth;withdisdaine.g.Shedisdainedtoturntohersonforadvice.她不屑像自己的儿子请教,disdainfula.鄙视的，轻视的，倨傲的，短语disdainfulofsb/sthexertionn.努力，尽力，费力，短语theexertionofforce/strength/authority.使用武力，使劲，行使权力。exertv.运用，行驶，施加，exertyourself努力，竭力,gregariousa.合群的，好交际的n.gregariousnessad.gregariouslygrievousa.使人痛苦的，令人伤心的，及严重的ad.grievouslygrievouslyhurt/wounded受到严重伤害，伤势严重,grievev.悲痛，悲伤，伤心，grievefor/oversb/sthitgrievedsbthate.gItgrievedhimthathecoulddonothingtohelpher.,insolencen.傲慢，a.insolent无礼的，ad.insolently无力地insomniacn.失眠者，insomnian.失眠（症）posturen.姿势，态度，看法，立场，v.故作姿态，装样子postureassth,posturinga.虚伪的表现，扭捏作态pretense（pretence）n.假象，伪装，pretencetosth/todoingsth;妄称，自称；pretenceofsth/ofdoingsth假象，伪装。pretendv.假装，佯装，pretend(tosb)(that)a.假装的，想象的,pretendern.冒充者，觊觎者reignn.任期，君主统治时期e.gin/duringthereignofCharles2v.reignoversb/sth统治，当政，为王,stimulationn.仿真，冒充stimulatev.假装，冒充，装作stimulateda.假装的，冒充的，模拟的stimulatorn.模拟装置,slumpv.骤降，猛跌e.g.Saleshaveslumpedthisyear.今年销售量骤减n.骤降；锐减aslumpinprofits利润锐减,slumpeda.弯着身坐e.g.Thedriverwasexhaustedoverthewheel.司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了,paraphrase,Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.(paragraph1)whenitwasratstimethecityispolitequite,butitwasimpolitewhenpeoplegovernedthecity,becausetheycreatenoisy.,Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fort