The-History-of-the-Britain-英国历史.ppt

Lecture2TheHistoryoftheBritain,a,What?,b,Timelines(mainlyBritain),PrehistoricBritain,RomanBritain(43AD-410AD),Anglo-Saxon(446AD-871AD),VikingandDanish(793),Normans(MiddleAges)(1066-1453),TudorBritain(1485-1603),StuartBritain(1063-1714),HanoverBritain(1714-1901),ModernBritain,I.PrehistoricBritainstonehenge,builtfrom4000BCto2000BC.aworldheritagesiteStoneandBronzeAges.,MapshowingthelocationofStonehenge,Stonehenge,Oneofthemostfamoussitesintheworld,Celts:warringtribesTheywerewarriors,livingforthegloriesofbattleandplunder.,I.PrehistoricBritain,Celts,Theycameinthreemainwaves:Gaelsat600BC(Gaelic)Brythonsat400BCBelgaeat150BC,Celts,TheywerealsothepeoplewhobroughtironworkingtotheBritishIsles,II.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD),EmperorClaudius,2.1Background:BritishCeltsfoughtwithrelatedtribesinGaulagainsttheRomans.Forgold,pearl,RomanConquest,2.2Threeinvasions,II.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD),HadriansWall,2.3ThreeProblemsPictsstillattackedperiodicallySaxonpiratesattackedinthesoutheastControlwasonlyeffectiveinthesouth-easternpartofthecountry,PushingintoScotland,TheRomansbuiltagiganticwall,HadriansWall,tocontrolthefrontier.,ThelocationofHadriansWall,HadriansWall,II.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD),2.4ReasonforWithdraw(410)BarbariansatthegatesofRomeRepeatedattacksfromPictsandScotsGermanicSaxontribesinvadingfromEurope,II.RomanBritain(43AD-410AD),2.5Results&Influence,RomanBath,a.Romanprovinceforabout400years.b.CeltsdriventoScotlandandWalesc.Networkoftownsandroads:d.Christianitye.EnglishwordsLatin,III.Anglo-Saxon(446-871),3.1TeutonicTribes,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglesfromnownorthGermanyandDenmark,Britonsweredriventothemountainsorkeptasslaves,III.Anglo-Saxon(446-871),theAnglessettledinEastAnglia,theMidlandsandtheNorth,theSaxonssettledintheSouthandMidlands,theJutessettledintheSouthandSoutheast,3.2KingArthur,KingArthur,aRomano-Britonwarrior,betweenAD400andAD600.Alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADinBritishhistory.12knights“roundtable”Excalibur,StatueofKingArthur,TheLadyoftheLakegivesExcaliburtoKingArthur,III.Anglo-Saxon(446-871),3.3Heptarchy,Kent(Jutes)Sussex(theSouthSaxons)Wessex(theWestSaxons)Essex(theEastSaxons)EastAngliaMercia(theMiddleAngles)Northumbria,Saxons,Angles,4.1Background,IV.VikingandDanish(793-1035),793AD:TheNorwegianVikingsandtheDanesfromDenmarkposingathreattotheSaxonkingdom.,IV.VikingandDanish(793-1035),4.2KingAlfredtheGreat(849-899),a.arelativelyfriendlyagreementin879.Danes-northandeastofEnglandAlfred,kingofWessex,ruledtherest,V.Normans(MiddleAge)(1066-1453),EdwardtheConfessor,BattleofHastings,V.heNormanConquest,5.1Process,1066.10.14thebattleonSenlacFieldnearHastings,whereHaroldwaskilled.1066Christmas,WilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey,BattleofHastings,V.TheNormanConquest,5.2Significance,thebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.regardedastherealbeginningofBritishhistoryconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittoNormanfollowers.thefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEnglandrelationswiththeContinentwereopenedandcivilizationandcommercewereextendedNorman-Frenchculture,language,manners,andarchitecturewereintroduced,RobinHood,5.3HundredYearsWarwithFrance(13371453),SaintJoanofArc,EdwardIII,5.4BlackDeath(13481349),BlackDeathinaEuropeantown,Matcheachoftheitemsontheleftwithitsmeaningontheright.,1.Stonehenge2.Renaissance3.Briton4.KingArthur5.BlackDeath,a.thegreatancientstonecircleduring4000BC-2000BCb.anoldwaytocalltheBritishpeoplec.alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADd.aplagueinthe14thcenturykilling3/4ofEuropeanpopulation.e.therevivalofclassicalliteratureandartisticstylesinEuropeanhistory,Doyouagreewiththewordsthat“Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion”?Illustrateyourviewwiththeinformationfromthetext.,After-classquestion,VI.ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales,AreaPopulationCity(capitalhillierandmoreruggedthanit.,ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales,VI.ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales,History:England:ahistoryofinvasions1.Celticpeople2.RomanEmpire(400years)-smallkingdoms3.Germanicpeople:theAnglesandSaxonKingArthur&RoundTableKnights4.Vikings5.NormansfromnorthernFranceWilliamtheConqueror,differenceofS.andN.,History:Scotland:1.BritishCeltsdisplacedbySaxoninvasion.2.6thCenturyAD:Scots(N.I.)vs.Picts(Original)3.Vikingraids:heroes(BraveHeartWilliamWallace)4.In1603,JamesVIJamesI(England)5.Theunion:peaceful,ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales,History:Wales:1.AlandofCelticpeopleoriginally.2.InvadedbytheRomans.3.AgainaCelticland(separatekingdoms)4.PressurefromEnglishneighbors5.In1536,legalunion,ComparisonofEngland,Scotland&Wales,”,“,Evaluation,Englandarichlyunconventionalinteriorlifehiddenbyanexternalconformity(p7)表面上似乎一致，但实际上保持着强烈的独特的生活方式,”,“,Evaluation,ScotlandsuperficiallyfullyintegratedintotheU.K.,butconcealedbeneaththisisas