《英语教学研究》PPT课件

2020/5/22,1,ResearchinTEFL:AQualitativePerspective(英語教學研究質的觀點),ByDavidS.D.Tseng,Ph.D.DepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteratureAsiaUniversityatDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteratureNationalChung-ChengUniversity96.11.25.(Tuesday)01:30-3:00pm,2020/5/22,2,Whatisqualitativeresearch?,Qualitativeresearchisastudyofhumanactorsinnaturalsettings,inthecontextoftheirordinary,everydayworld;Itseekstounderstandthemeaningsandsignificanceoftheseactionsfromtheperspectiveofthoseinvolved;Itusuallyfocusesonasmallnumberofindividuals,groupsorsettings;Itemploysarangeofmethodsinordertoestablishdifferentperspectivesontherelevantissues;Itbasesitsanalysisonawiderangeoffeatures;Itonlyusesquantificationwherethisisappropriateforspecificpurposesandaspartofabroaderapproach.(Richards,2003:10),2020/5/22,3,Qualitativeresearchismultimethodinfocus,involvinganinterpretive,naturalisticapproachtoitssubjectmatter.Thismeansthatqualitativeresearchersstudythingsintheirnaturalsettings,attemptingtomakesenseof,orinterpret,phenomenaintermsofthemeaningspeoplebringtothem.Qualitativeresearchinvolvesthestudieduseandcollectionofavarietyofempiricalmaterialscasestudy,personalexperience,introspective,lifestory,interview,observational,historical,interactional,andvisualtextsthatdescriberoutineandproblematicmomentsandmeaningsinindividualslives.(DenzinandLincoln,1994:2),2020/5/22,4,SevenTraditions(Richards,Keith.2003.QualitativeInquiryinTESOL.NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan),1)Ethnography2)GroundedTheory3)Phenomenology4)CaseStudy5)LifeHistory6)ActionResearch7)ConversationAnalysis,2020/5/22,5,III.MajorResearchMethodsMarshall,C.vanLier,1988:13),TheoreticalTriangulationDataTriangulationInvestigatorTriangulationMethodologicalTriangulation,2020/5/22,13,AnalyzingVideotapedMaterials(vanLier,1988:65),StageI:GlobalViewingStageII:ChoiceofSpecificOccasionsofInterestforMoreDetailedAnalysisStageIII:SpecificationofDifferencesintheTransitionorJunctures,withSpecificAttentionPaidtoNon-verbalContextualizationCuesStageIV:DetailedDescriptionoftheParticipationStructuresStageV:ConstructionofaModelShowingthePrinciplesofSocialOrganizationUnderlyingtheSurfaceFormofCommunicationBehaviorinInteractionStageVI:EstablishingtheGeneralizabilityoftheStructuresAnalyzed,2020/5/22,14,V.QualitativeInquiryinTEFLinthedecade(1996-2008):SomeNCUEMastersTheses,蔡雅琴(1996)MandarinasaLinguaFrancainEFLClassrooms:ExperiencedandInexperiencedTeachersLanguageRegulationinSeniorHighSchool(英文教室教師使用中文的研究)林惠玉(1996)QuestioningStrategiesUsedbyExperiencedandLessExperiencedEFLTeachers(國中英語教師詢問策略之研究)魏延斌(1996)ACaseStudyoftheInstructionalStrategiesinEFLClassrooms(國中英語教師教學策略之個案研究)陳玉齡(1997)StructureofTopicinSeniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(高中英語教師的話題結構研究)呂采芬(1997)MethodologicalTransitioninginJuniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(國中英語教師的教法轉換研究),2020/5/22,15,盧慧娜(1998)TeacherSpeechElaborationinJuniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(國中英語教師語言擴增現象的研究)谷湘琴(1998)TeacherRepetitioninJuniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(國中英語教師語言重複現象得研究)吳如雅(1998)FloorManagementinJuniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(國中英語教師處理說話權的研究)賴盈志(1999)TeacherCode-SwitchinginSeniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms:ACaseStudy(高中英文教師語碼互換之研究)洪淑琪(1999)ACaseStudyofCollegeFreshmensResponsestoTeacherandPeerFeedbackinEnglishCompositions(大一學生對教師與同儕評改英文作文意見之反應分析)何維綺(2001)AStudyonTeacherVocabularyExplanationinVocationalSeniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms(高職英文教師解釋生字之研究),2020/5/22,16,楊純真(2003)AStudyoftheEffectsofGuidedReadingandWritingDirectionsonTaiwaneseSeniorHighSchoolStudentsEnglishWriting(閱讀與寫作指引對台灣高中生英文寫作的影響)張郁婕(2003)AStudyofSeniorHighSchoolEFLTeachersBeliefs,Assumptions,andKnowledgeDuringTheirMethodologicalDecision-MakingProcess(高中英文教師教法決策信念之研究)鍾媄嫃(2003)AStudyoftheSeniorHighSchoolEFLTeachersBeliefsinMaterialsCompilation,SelectionandUse(高中英文教師對教材選編用之信念研究)劉菁菁(2004)AStudyofTeachersBeliefsandStrategiesUsedinCopingWithStudentsExpectationsinFour-YearTechnologicalColleges(四技通識英文教師信念與處理學生期望之策略運用的研究)賴怡君(2004)AStudyofCollegeEnglishTeachersBeliefsinWritingInstruction(大學英文教師作文教學信念之研究),2020/5/22,17,葉瑪思(YilmazKeskin)(2004)AnAnalysisoftheEnglishandTurkishLexicalandGrammaticalErrorsMadeByChineseCollegeStudentsinTaiwan(台灣大學生英文與土耳其文語詞與文法錯誤之分析)陳秀玲(2005)AStudyofJuniorHighSchoolEnglishTeachersBeliefsandPracticesinVocabularyInstruction(國中英語教師單字教學信念與實務之研究)吳姿燕(2005)AStudyofElementarySchoolEnglishTeachersBeginningsofTheirEnglishClasses.(國小英語教師開始上課行為之研究)陳怡曄(2005)HomeworkinJuniorHighSchoolEFLClassrooms.(國中英語教室家庭指定作業之研究)張紜榛(2005)AStudyofJuniorHighSchoolEnglishTeachersRolesandTheirCopingStrategies(國中英語教師角色及應變策略之研究)謝菁梅(2005)AStudyofJuniorHighSchoolEnglishTeachersBeliefsandPracticesinGrammarInstruction(國中英語教師文法教學信念與實務之研究)廖怡芬(2006)Acasestudyofuniversityfreshmenscompare/contrastwritingprocessstrategiesandgenre-specificstrategies.(大一學生比較/對比文寫作過程策略與文體寫作策略之個案研究),2020/5/22,18,劉淑萍(2006)AcasestudyofcollegeEnglish-majorfreshmensnarrativewritingstrategies.(大學英語系一年級學生敘述文寫作策略之個案研究)李麗玲(2008)DyadiccollaborativewritinginaseniorhighschoolEFLclassroom:Acasestudy.(高中英文作文教室雙人同儕互動與協同寫作之研究).王恩雅(2008)ArgumentativewritingstrategiesandwritingprocessstrategiesusedbyEFLcollegefreshmenandjuniors:Acasestudy(大一及大三學生英文議論文體寫作策略及寫作過程策略之個案研究),2020/5/22,19,VI.WhatFindingsDidWeGetfromThem?,LanguageUseinClassTeachingandLearningStrategiesContentofTeacherTalkTeacherTalkRegistersTeacherSpeechModificationsFloorManagementReadingandWritingConcernsTeachersRolesandRoleShiftTeacherBeliefs,AssumptionsandKnowledge(BAKs),2020/5/22,20,RetrospectionA)IssuestoPonder:-Data-DrivenorTheory-Driven?-TheTransformationoftheDataCollected-GettingAccesstotheSubjects-GettingthePermissiontoWorkwith-ObserversParadox-TechnicalFailure-IrrecoverabilityoftheClassroomEvents-GettingEntrytotheResearchSites-Subjectivity-Validity-IncompletePuzzlesScrambledB)PossibleSolutions?,2020/5/22,21,VII.ProblemsEncountered,Time-ConsumingEnergy-ConsumingHardtofindresearchsettingsDifficulttofindresearchsubjectsDifficulttosetupcategoriesFewresearchresultsHardtomakeGeneralizationsInsufficientcasesstudiedInsufficientpatience,2020/5/22,22,VIII.PossibleSolutionstotheProblemsEncountered,Spareextratimefordoingqualitativeresearch.Dosomemoreexercisestostrengthenyourmusclesforconductingqualitativeresearch.Trytocontactwhateveragenciesandwhoeverpossibletogettheentrypermit.Askthosewhoareabletohelpforbuildingthesocialnetworkinordertotargetthesubjectsinthefieldsite.Constructtheworkingcategoriesfirstbyconsultingtherelevantliterature,thenbypreviewingthedata,andfinallyaskingforhelpfromtheexperiencedresearchers.Encourageasmanyresearchersaspossibletoconducttheirqualitativeresearchandpublishtheirresultsinpublic.Organizerelevantacademiccommunitiesfortherelatedfieldsofstudy,especiallyforthequalitativeresearchgroups.,2020/5/22,23,IX.Conclusion,Doingqualitativeresearchiseasy.Doingqualitativeresearchisfun.Doingqualitativeresearchispromising.Doingqualitativeresearchisrewarding.Letsdoitaltogether!Letscombineteacherresearch,classroomresearchandactionresearch.,2020/5/22,24,TeacherResearch,ActionResearch,ClassroomResearch,TeachersActionResearchintheClassroom,IntersectionofClassroomResearch,TeacherResearchandActionResearch,2020/5/22,25,參考書目甲、中文部份,王文科（民83a）教育研究法，台北：五南。王文科（民83b）質的教育研究法，第二版，台北：五南。吳芝儀、李奉儒（譯）（民84）質的評鑑與研究（MichaelQuinnPatton原著（1980;1990）QualitativeEvaluationandResearchMethods），ThousandOaks,CA:SAGEPublications.吳明清（民80）教育研究：基本觀念與方法的分析，台北：五南。段家鋒、孫正豐、張世賢（主編）（民84）論文寫作研究，台北：三民。高敬文（民77）質的研究派典之理論分析與實際運用，屏東：東益。高敬文（民85）質化研究方法論，台北：師大書苑。陳向明(2002)，教師如何作質的研究，台北:洪葉文化事業有限公司。,2020/5/22,26,陳伯璋（民79）教育研究方法的新取向質的研究方法，台北：南宏。黃瑞琴（民80）質的教育研究方法，台北：心理。歐用生（民78）質的研究，台北：師大書苑。顧瑜君(譯)(1998)，質性研究寫作。HarryF.Wolcott原著(1990)，WritingupQualitativeResearch.(ThousandOaks,CA:SAGEPublications.)台北：五南。臺灣省立屏東師範學院編（民75）質的探討在教育研究上的應用學術研討會論文集。屏東巿：屏東師院。,2020/5/22,27,乙、英文部份,Allwright,D.&K.Bailey.(1991).Focusonthelanguageclassroom:Anintroductiontoclassroomresearchforlanguageteachers.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Brown,JamesDean.(1988).Understandingresearchinsecondlanguagelearning:Ateachersguidetostatisticsandresearchdesign.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Denzin,N.K.andLincoln,Y.S.(1994).Enteringthefieldofqualitativeresearch,inDenzin,N.K.andLincoln,Y.S.(eds.)(1994),HandbookofQualitativeResearch,pp.1-17.Denzin,N.K.andLincoln,Y.S.(eds.)(2000).HandbookofQualitativeResearch.(2nded.).ThousandOaks:Sage.Erickson,Frederick.(1990).Qualitativemethods.ResearchinTeachingAndLearning.Vol.2.NewYork:Macmillan.pp.75-94.Hammersley,Martyn.(1990).Classroomethnography:Empiricalandmethodologicalessays.Philadelphia,PA:OpenUniversityPress.Hitchcock,Graham.&DavidHughes.(1989).Researchandtheteacher:Aqualitativeintroductiontoschool-basedresearch.London