英文句子结构ppt课件.ppt

Grammar,主+谓+宾主+系+表,定语,状语,补语,1,一、句子成分1、主语（名词，代词，数词，不定式）主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物e.g.HelikeswatchTV.,2,2、谓语（动词，动词短语）谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。e.g.Sherunsfast.,3,3、表语（名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语）表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。e.g.Iamateacher.,4,4、宾语（名词，代词，数词，动词不定式）宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。e.g.Weareplayingbasketball.,5,5、定语（形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语）在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。e.g.Ilikethosebigapples.,6,6、状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1).Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）2).Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）3).Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件状语）,7,7、补语（形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词）用来补充说明宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，即宾语补语。e.g.Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.,8,二、句子结构可分为三种：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句,9,1、简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语。简单句的五种基本句型：1）主语+谓语（+状语）e.g.Thechildrenaresinging（intheclassroom）.2）主语+谓语+宾语e.g.Heisdoinghishomework.,10,3）主语+系动词+表语常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)等。e.g.Hebecameafamousdoctor.e.g.Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.,11,4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。e.g.Myauntboughtmeacomputer.=Myauntboughtacomputerforme.e.g.Ipassedhimthesalt.=Ipassedthesalttohim.5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语e.g.Wemustkeepourschoolclean.,Ourteacherexplainssomewordstome.=Ourteacherexplainstomesomewords.,12,2、并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号、逗号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.TheteachersnameisJohnSmith,andthestudentsnameisRobert.2）表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoullmissthetrain.,13,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.,14,3、复合句主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。主语从句表语从句名词性从句宾语从句同位语从句复合句定语从句（形容词从句）状语从句（副词性从句:时间，地点，方式，让步，条件）,15,从句类型的判定：看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。,16,1.Whathehasjustsaidseemstrue.主（主语从句）+系动词+表2.Thenewsisthathewonthegame.主+系动词+表（表语从句）3.Nobodyknowswherehelives.主+谓+宾语(宾语从句）4.Heexplainedtousthatknowledgeispower.主+谓+宾(介宾)+直宾(宾语从句)5.Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue.主（+同位语从句）+谓+表,17,三、therebe句型therebe是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“Therebe+名词+地点（时间）”这一句型。e.g.Therearesomedogs.,18,1、疑问句形式一般疑问句是将be或will/have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前。回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。e.g.Isthereacakeonthetable?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.,19,Therebe句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Whos+介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用“Whats+介词短语?”。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：e.g.Thereisabirdinthetree.Whatsinthetree?Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.Whoisintheroom?,20,对地点状语提问：用“Whereisare+主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：e.g.Thereisacomputerinmyoffice.Whereisthecomputer?-Itsinmyoffice.Therearefourchildrenintheclassroom.Wherearethefourchildren?Theyreintheclassroom.,21,对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“Howmany+可数名词复数+arethere+介词短语？”表示：e.g.Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?如果主语是不可数名词，则用“Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？”表示：e.g.Thereissomemoneyinmypurse.Howmuchmoneyisthereinyourpurse?,22,2、否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not.另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no.e.g.Thereisntanyapplesonthetree.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.,23,3、Therebe句型中的be应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“就近原则”，如：e.g.Thereisalamponthetable.e.g.Therearesomeapplesinthebowl.4、如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：e.g.Thereisfivehundreddollarstopay.Thereisstillanother20milestodrive.,24,5、Therebe中的be有时可lie,stand,usedtobe,seemtobe,appeartobe等，如：e.g.Thereliesarivertothesouth.Therelivedanoldmaninthesmallhouse.Therestoodatempleneartheriver.Thereusedtobeacastleatthefootofthehill.,25,6、Therebe+主语+doing+介词短语.例如：e.g.Thereisatruckcollectingrubishoutside.Thereisawalletlyingontheground.,26,7、Thereis(was)+no+动词ing结构相当于Itis(was)impossibleto+动词原形，如：e.g.Thereisnogoinghome.=Itisimpossibletogohome.Thereisnolivingwithhim.=Itisimpossibletolivewithhim.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.=Itisimpossibletoknowwhatmayhappen,27,Bothmenspeakloudlyandclearly.2)Anintroductionusuallyincludesagreetingandahandshake.3)Mye-mailaddressislin.4)Theywilljustwavegoodbyetothewholegroup.5)Ourdepartmentheadwillgiveadinnertowelcomeyou.6)YoucouldsimplycallmeWang.7)Inherbagthereisapassportandapen.,Therebe句式,主+谓+状,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+直宾+间宾,主+谓+宾+状,主+谓+宾+宾补,28,Themanagerforthempreparessomebeautifulgifts.Themanagerpreparessomebeautifulgiftsforthem.2)Couldyoutelltomesomethingabouttheirculturalbackground?Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheirculturalbackground?3)Mr.Wanghasleftintheirmindadeepimpression.Mr.Wanghasleftadeepimpressionupontheirminds.,29,4)Dotheyalwayswavetoyougoodbyeinaninformalway?Dotheyalwayswavegoodbyetoyouinaninformalway?/Dotheyalwayswaveyougoodbyeinaninformalway?5)Therearealwayssomepeopletalkhappilyinthepark.Therearealwayssomepeopletalkinghappilyinthepark.,30,6)Therehassomewaterintheglass.Thereissomewaterintheglass.7)OnthedoorhasabigredChineseword“Happiness”.OnthedoorthereisabigredChineseword“Happiness”./ThereisabigredChineseword“Happiness”onthedoor./OnthedoorisabigredChineseword“Happiness”.8)Thegirllookedthesmallanimalwithpleasure.Thegirllookedatthesmallanimalwithpleasure.,31,9)Hegavetohersomelovelyflowers.Hegavehersomelovelyflowers./Hegavesomelovelyflowerstoher.10)Thestreetsalwayshavemanycarsrunnowadays.Therearealwaysmanycarsrunninginthestreetsnowadays.,32,我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。WeoftenpreparesomeChinesefoodforourforeignfriends.2)你能给我帮个忙吗？Canyougivemesomehelp?/Canyoudomeafavor?3)