英语讲座：英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解技巧,阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词义猜测型,命题类,推理判断型,观点态度型,一:主旨大意题,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,Sample1Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Noteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.,主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Sample2Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti意大利式面条,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.,（2）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,二：事实细节型,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,大体可分为直接理解题和语义转换题，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事实细节型,提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。,Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,IwasdrivingtomyparentshomeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation(加油站)about50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台),Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.60.TheauthorplannedtostopatOklahomaCity_.A.tovisitafriendB.toseehisparentsC.topayorthecashregisterD.tohavemoregasforhiscar,Passage1,Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出C符合图表内容。,文章,三：词义猜测型,常见的设问形式：1)Theunderlinedwordintheparagraphrefersto/means_.2)Whatdoes“_”inparagraphstandfor/mean?3)“_”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?4)Theexpression/phrase“_”means_.5)Theword“_”isclosestinmeaningto_.,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,1.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely“homely”means“”.,ugly,（反义词、同义词）,反义词常见信号词：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；同义词常见信号词：or,namely,thatis,thatistosay,等。,Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinordertomaintaintheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).,第四节,解释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的（educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选C项。,本题答案选C,2.EveryoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeousItwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest比赛“gorgeous”means3.TodaywasaveryhecticdayformeIwokeuplate，hurriedtotheofficeworkeduntilfour，wenttothestorecookeddinnerandwashedclothesIdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytired“hectic”means“”.,beautiful,（根据上下文）,（根据常识）,busy,四：推理判断型,高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,正确选项一般不是文中的原句,推理判断型,领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging“saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug（病毒）maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful（有害的）.Monkey-poxdoesntlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.,1(09全国),67.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe.A.shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAmericaB.mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC.shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD.mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseases,(absolute),(absolute),(wrong),五：观点态度型,既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对