全新版大学英语第三册第二版电子教案U.ppt

BR_main,WordWeb,AQuiz,BackgroundInformation,Lead-inDiscussion,BR_3_main,BackgroundInformation,FourWorld-famousPhysicists,Close-upofAlbertEinsteinandIsaacNewton,TheGreatPlagueofLondon,SiliconValley,BR_1.1,WordWeb,Whatwordswilloccurtoyouwheneverthename“AlbertEinstein”ismentioned?Writedownasmanywordsandphrasesaspossible.,BR_1.1,AlbertEinstein,scientist,superthinker,NobelPrizewinner,theorist,physicist,slowstarter,TheoryofRelativity,E=mc,lawofthephotoelectriceffect,humorous,stubborn,creative,imaginative,knowledgeable,BR_2_1,AQuiz,Answerthefollowingquestionsinafunquiztotesthowfaryourimaginationstretches.Giveeachiteminthequizanumberfrom1to3,thenaddupallyournumbers.,1=rarely2=sometimes3=often,1.2.3.4.,Icantellawhitelie(善意的谎言)withoutbecomingflustered.Icryatthemovies.Icanvisualizepatternsandimagesinclouds,mountains,wallpaperpatterns,etc.IgetideasthatIthinkwouldmakeagoodmovieorbook.,BR_2_2,5.6.7.8.9.10.,WhenIretellastory,Itendtoembellishitsomewhatinordertomakeitmoreinteresting.Ivividlyimagineextremelifesituations,suchasbeingstrandedonadesertedisland,orwinningthelottery.Iworryaboutapossibleaccidentwhensomeonewhoisusuallypunctualisverylate.Ienjoyabstractart.Iliketoreadfictionorstoriesaboutthesupernatural.WhenIawakefromavividdreamittakesmeafewsecondstoreturntoreality.,BR_2_3,Tips:Theinterpretationofyourquizscoreis:,score16,16score24,Youreaconcretethinkerbasedonreality.Whileitisnotimpossibleforyoutoimaginesituations,youpreferapractical,realisticapproachtolife.Youwouldbenefitfromstretchingyourimagination.,Youhaveanaveragelevelofimagination.Abalancebetweenpracticalityandcreativityallowsyoutoactualizeyourideasandseeyourfantasiestakeflight.,BR_2_4,score24,Youhaveaveryactiveimagination.Itisapowerfulforcewithinyou,butbecarefultokeepitsomewhatinchecktoavoidbecomingimpractical.,BR_3_1,FourWorld-famousPhysicists,Listentothedescriptionsaboutthefourworld-famousphysicistsandmatchthelettersinColumnAwiththenamesinColumnB.,ColumnA,ColumnB,A.B.C.D.,AlbertEinsteinIsaacNewtonMaxPlanckJamesClerkMaxwell,BR_3_1.1_pop1,AlbertEinstein(18791955)German-bornAmericantheoreticalphysicist,BR_3_1.1_pop2,IsaacNewton(16431727)Englishmathematicianandscientist,BR_3_1.1_pop3,MaxPlanck(18581947)Germanphysicist,BR_3_1.1_pop4,JamesClerkMaxwell(18311879)Scottishphysicist,BR_3_1.1_Script1,HewasaScottishphysicist.Hismostrevolutionaryachievementwashisdemonstrationthatlightisanelectromagneticwave,andheoriginatedtheconceptofelectromagneticradiation.HeestablishedthenatureofSaturnsrings,didimportantworkoncolorperception,andproducedthekinetic(动力的)theoryofgases.HewasanEnglishmathematicianandscientistwhoinventeddifferentialcalculus(微分学)andformulatedthetheoryofuniversalgravitation,atheoryaboutthenatureoflight,andthreelawsofmotion.Histreatiseongravitationwassupposedlyinspiredbythesightofafallingapple.,A.B.,BR_3_1.1_Script2,HewasaGerman-bornAmericantheoreticalphysicistwhosespecialandgeneraltheoriesofrelativityrevolutionizedmodernthoughtonthenatureofspaceandtimeandformedatheoreticalbasefortheexploitationofatomicenergy.Hewona1921NobelPrizeforhisexplanationofthephotoelectric(光电的)effect.HewasaGermanphysicistwhoseworkonthesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学)andblackbodyradiationledhimtoformulatetherevolutionaryquantum(量子)theoryofradiation.Healsodiscoveredthequantumofaction.HereceivedaNobelPrizein1918.,C.D.,BR_3_2_1.1,Close-upofAlbertEinsteinandIsaacNewton,1.AlbertEinstein,WatchavideoclipaboutAlbertEinsteinandfillintheblanks.,BR_3_2_1.2,1)2)3),EinsteinspenthiswholelifetryingtoAttheturnofthecenturyEinsteinmadediscoveriesaboutthathavetransformedpeoplesviewofuniverse.Einsteinusedtothinkthattomakeitmove,butthefactthattheneedleofthecompassbehavedinsuchafixedwaymadehimrealizethat,light,spaceandtime,_,onethinghastotouchanother,_,somethingdeeplyhiddenhadtoliebehindthings,_.,BR_3_2_2.1,2.IsaacNewton,WatchavideoclipaboutIsaacNewtonandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.,1)AccordingtoNewton,theforcethatmadetheapplefallfromthetreewasdifferentfromtheforcethatkeptthemoonandplanetsintheirorbits.,2)Moonisbeingpulledbytheearthsgravityandisactuallyfallingaroundtheplanet.,BR_3_2_2.2,F,Theyarethesameforce,theforceofgravity.,(),T,(),4)Thestrengthofthegravityisdeterminedbythevolumeoftheobject,thegreaterthevolume,thestrongerthegravity.,3)Gravitymerelymeansthepulltowardsthecenteroftheearth.,BR_3_2_2.3,F,Gravityiscommontoallobjects,largeorsmall.,(),F,Thestrengthofthegravityisbasedonthemassoftheobjectsandtheirdistancefromeachother.,(),BR_3_3.1,TheGreatPlagueofLondon,ListentoapassageaboutTheGreatPlagueofLondonandanswerthefollowingquestions.,1.Whenwastheplagueparticularlyviolent?,ItwasparticularlyviolentduringthehotmonthsofAugustandSeptemberof1665.,2.Howwastheplaguecarried?,Theplaguewascarriedbyfleasthatlivedonblackrats.,BR_3_3.2,3.Whichpartsofthecityweremostseverelyaffectedbytheplague?,Thecitysoutskirtsandareaswherethepoorweredenselycrowdedweremostseverelyaffected.,4.Whydidtheplaguedecline?,Theplaguesdeclinewasattributedtovariouscauses,includingtheGreatFireofLondon.,TheGreatPlagueofLondon(16641666)wasanoutbreakofbubonic(鼠疫)plaguethatstruckLondonandwasparticularlyviolentduringthehotmonthsofAugustandSeptemberof1665.Inoneweek,7,165peoplediedoftheplague.Thetotalnumberofdeathswasabout70,000ofatotalpopulationestimatedat460,000.Thediseasewascarriedbyfleasthatlivedonblackrats.Itwasgenerallyincurable,anditseffectswereterriblefeverandchills,swellingofthelymphglands,eventualmadnessanddeath.Mostofthedevastationwasinthecitysoutskirts,inareaswherethepoorweredenselycrowded.Thosewhocould,includingmostdoctors,lawyers,BR_3_3.3,BR_3_3.4,lawyersandmerchants,fledthecity.AlltradewithLondonandotherplaguetownswasstopped,butfrom1667onlysporadiccasesappeareduntil1679.Theplaguesdeclinewasattributedtovariouscauses,includingtheGreatFireofLondon.,BR_3_4.1,SiliconValley,ListentoanintroductionaboutSiliconValleyandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.,SiliconValleyisthenorthernpartoftheSanFranciscoBayAreainNorthernCalifornia.,F,ItisthesouthernpartoftheSanFranciscoBayArea.,(),BR_3_4.2,3.Thecutting-edgeentrepreneurs,engineersandventurecapitalistsenableSiliconValleytoremaintheleadinghigh-techhub.,T,(),2.Theterm“siliconvalley”referstothemostadvancedcompaniesinthefieldofinformationtechnology.,F,Thetermhasthreelayersofmeanings:1)siliconchipinnovatorsandmanufacturersinthearea;2)high-techbusinessinthearea;3)thewholehigh-techsector.,(),BR_3_4.3,SiliconValleyisthesouthernpartoftheSanFranciscoBayAreainNorthernCalifornia,UnitedStates.Thetermoriginallyreferredtotheregionslargenumberofsiliconchipinnovatorsandmanufacturers,buteventuallycametorefertoallthehigh-techbusinessesinthearea;itisnowgenerallyusedasametonymforthehigh-techsector.Despitethedevelopmentofotherhigh-techeconomiccentersthroughouttheUnitedStates,SiliconValleycontinuestobetheleadinghigh-techhubbecauseofitslargenumberofcutting-edgeentrepreneurs,engineersandventurecapitalists.,BR_4.1_SanFranciscoBayArea,BR_4.1_NorthernCalifornia,BR_4.1_siliconchip,BR_4_1,Lead-inDiscussion,WalterIsaacson,whoauthoredthebookEinstein:HisLifeandUniverse,istalkingabouthisimpressionofEinsteininaradioprogram.Listenandanswerthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroups.,1.DoesIsaacsonthinkEinsteinwasthemostknowledgeableandintelligentpersonamongthephysicistsofhistime?,No,buthethinksEinsteinwasthemostimaginativeandcreativeone.,BR_4_2,2.AccordingtoIsaacson,whatdothepeopleinhiscountryneedtoday?,Todaythecountryneedsasenseofimagination,asenseofcreativityinthefieldsofscience,worldaffairsandanythingelse.,3.WhatdoesIsaacsonmeanwhenhesaysthat“EinsteinwasnoEinsteinwhenhewasakid”?,HemeansthatEinsteinwasslowinlearninghowtotalkwhenhewasachildandwasrebellious.,BR_4_3,4.HowdidEinsteinbenefitfromhisslowverballearningability?,Helearnedtothinkinpicturesandvisualizethingsinsteadofthinkinginwords,whichcontributestohiscreativity.,5.Whatroledoyouthinkintelligence,knowledgeandcreativityplayrespectivelyinEinsteinswaytosuccess?Discusswithyourclassmatesandexplainyouranswertothem.,GR_main,PartDivisionoftheText,FurtherUnderstanding,GR_FurtherUnderstanding_main,ForPart1Discussion,ForPart2TrueorFalse,ForPart3TableCompletion,FurtherUnderstanding,ForPart4QuestionsandAnswers,GR_PartDivisionoftheText1,PartDivisionoftheText,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,1,13,2,412,Ayounghusbandandfather,AlbertEinsteinhadtoworkhardtosupporthisfamily.,Einsteinmadeastonishingachievementsinphysicsandthusrevolutionizedthefield.,GR_PartDivisionoftheText2,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,3,1321,Einsteinsdiscoverieswereattributabletohisimagination,questioning,disregardforauthority,powersofconcentration,andinterestinscience.,4,2223,Einsteinwasnotaspacealien.,GR_2_1,Discussion,Inthispart,Einsteinwasportrayedasayoungworkingfatherwhostrivedtoshoulderthejobandfamilyresponsibilitiesandstrikeabalancebetweenthetwo.DiscusswithyourpartnerandlistthepossiblereasonswhytheauthorportrayedEinsteinthisway.,Ontheonehand,theauthorarousedreadersinterestandcuriosityaboutEinsteinbypresentinganimagedifferentfromthestereotypedoneofabushy-hairedsuperthinker;ontheotherhand,theauthorintentionallyusedthisimageasanechotothetitle,indicatingthatEinsteinwasnotaspacealien.,2.Inhistheoryofquantummechanics,Einsteinproposedthatspaceandtimewerethreadsinacommonfabric.,GR_2_2.1,TrueorFalse,F,Inhistheoryofspecialrelativity,Einsteinproposedthatspaceandtimewerethreadsinacommonfabric.,(),1.Einsteinsjobasaprofessorofphysicsenabledhimtopublishfiveimportantpapersin1905.,F,FouryearsbeforeEinsteingotajobasaprofessorofphysics,hepublishedfiveimportantpapersin1905.,(),4.AccordingtoPeterGalison,ifEinsteinhadntbeenborn,his1905paperswouldeventuallyhavebeenwritteninsomeformbyothers.,3.EinsteincamefromthesameplacewhereNewtongrewup.,GR_2_2.2,T,(),F,EinsteinandNewtoncamefromdifferentplacesbutbothofthemenjoyedhighreputationintheworld.,(),GR_2_3.1,TableCompletion,FactorscontributingtoEinsteinsachievements,Supportingfacts,disregardforauthority,1.Einsteinproposedthatlightwasmadeofparticles,disagreeingwithJamesClerkMaxwell,anAuthorityFigureofhistime.2.EinsteinwasntbeholdentoathesisadvisororanyotherauthorityfigureafterhereceivedhisPh.D.in1905.,GR_2_3.2,FactorscontributingtoEinsteinsachievements,Supportingfacts,abilitytoquestion,Einsteinwasconstantlydoubtingandquestioningintheschool,enraginghis7thgradeteacher.,beliefinintuitionandinspiration,Einsteinsfailuretounderstandlightsdualitydidntslowhimdown,instead,headoptedtheintuitiveleapasabasictool.,GR_2_3.2,FactorscontributingtoEinsteinsachievements,Supportingfacts,interestinscience,Sciencewasdinner-tableconversationintheEinsteinshousehold.,powersofconcentration,Einsteinwouldengrosshimselfinaprobleminspiteofthebackgroundnoiseatparties.,GR_2_4,QuestionsandAnswers,1.WhatdidEinsteinstruggletodolaterinlife?Didhesucceedinhiseffort?,Hestruggledtoproduceaunifiedfieldtheory,combininggravitywithotherforcesofnature,buthefailed.,2.WhydidDr.ThomasHarveyremoveEinsteinsbrainwithoutpermissionin1955?,BecausehewouldliketoseewhetherEinsteinsbrainwasdifferentfromthatofothers.,DR_Text1,WASEINSTEINASPACEALIEN?,TonyPhillips,AlbertEinsteinwasexhausted.Forthethirdnightinarow,hisbabysonHans,crying,keptthehouseholdawakeuntildawn.WhenAlbertfinallydozedoffitwastimetogetupandgotowork.Hecouldntskipaday.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.,DR_Text2,WalkingbrisklytothePatentOffice,wherehewasa“TechnicalExpert,ThirdClass,”Albertworriedabouthismother.Shewasgettingolderandfrail,andshedidntapproveofhismarriagetoMileva.Relationswerestrained.Albertglancedatapassingshopwindow.Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.,Work.Family.Makingendsmeet.Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.,DR_Text3,Torelax,herevolutionizedphysics.In1905,attheageof26andfouryearsbeforehewasabletogetajobasaprofessorofphysics,Einsteinpublishedfiveofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofscienceallwritteninhis“sparetime.”Heprovedthatatomsandmoleculesexisted.Before1905,scientistswerentsureaboutthat.Hearguedthatlightcameinlittlebits(latercalled“photons”)andthuslaidthefoundationforquantummechanics.Hedescribedhistheoryofspecialrelativity:spaceandtimewerethreadsinacommonfabric,heproposed,whichcouldbebent,stretchedandtwisted.,DR_Text4,Oh,andbytheway,E=mc.BeforeEinstein,thelastscientistwhohadsuchacreativeoutburstwasSirIsaacNewton.Ithappenedin1666whenNewton,secludedhimselfathismothersfarmtoavoidanoutbreakofplagueatCambridge.Withnothingbettertodo,hedevelopedhisTheoryofUniversalGravitation.,DR_Text5,Forcenturieshistorianscalled1666Newtons“miracleyear.”Nowthosewordshaveadifferentmeaning:Einsteinand1905.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2005“TheWorldYearofPhysics”tocelebratethe100thanniversaryofEinsteins“miracleyear.”ModernpopculturepaintsEinsteinasabushy-hairedsuperthinker.Hisideas,weretold,wereimprobablyfaraheadofotherscientists.HemusthavecomefromsomeotherplanetmaybethesameoneNewtongrewupon.,DR_Text6,“Einsteinwasnospacealien,”laughsHarvardUniversityphysicistandsciencehistorianPeterGalison.“Hewasamanofhistime.”Allofhis1905papersunraveledproblemsbeingworkedon,withmixedsuccess,byotherscientists.“IfEinsteinhadntbeenborn,thosepaperswouldhavebeenwritteninsomeform,eventually,byothers,”Galisonbelieves.Whatsremarkableabout1905isthatasinglepersonauthoredallfivepapers,plustheoriginal,irreverentwayEinsteincametohisconclusions.,DR_Text7,Forexample:thephotoelectriceffect.Thiswasapuzzleintheearly1900s.Whenlighthitsametal,likezinc,electronsflyoff.Thiscanhappenonlyiflightcomesinlittlepacketsconcentratedenoughtoknockanelectronloose.Aspread-outwavewouldntdothephotoelectrictrick.Thesolutionseemssimplelightisparticulate.Indeed,thisisthesolutionEinsteinproposedin1905andwontheNobelPrizeforin1921.OtherphysicistslikeMaxPlanck(workingonarelatedproblem:blackbodyradiation),moreseniorandexperiencedthanEinstein,wereclosinginontheanswer,butEinsteingottherefirst.Why?,DR_Text8,Itsaquestionofauthority.“InEinsteinsday,ifyoutriedtosaythatlightwasmadeofparticles,youfoundyourselfdisagreeingwithphysicistJamesClerkMaxwell.Nobodywantedtodothat,”saysGalison.Maxwellsequationswereenormouslysuccessful,unifyingthephysicsofelectricity,magnetismandoptics.Maxwellhadprovedbeyondanydoubtthatlightwasanelectromagneticwave.MaxwellwasanAuthorityFigure.,DR_Text9,Einsteindidntgiveafigforauthority.Hedidntresistbeingtoldwhattodo,notsomuch,buthehatedbeingtoldwhatwastrue.Evenasachildhewasconstantlydoubtingandquestioning.“Yourmerepresencehereunderminestheclasssrespectforme,”spathis7thgrade,teacher,Dr.JosephDegenhart.(DegenhartalsopredictedthatEinstein“wouldnevergetanywhereinlife.”)ThischaracterflawwastobeakeyingredientinEinsteinsdiscoveries.,DR_Text10,“In1905,”notesGalison,“EinsteinhadjustreceivedhisPh.D.Hewasntbeholdentoathesisadvisororanyotherauthorityfigure.”Hismindwasfreetoroamaccordingly.Inretrospect,Maxwellwasright.Lightisawave.But,Einsteinwasright,too.Lightisaparticle.ThisbizarredualitybafflesPhysics101studentstodayjustasitbaffledEinsteinin1905.Howcanlightbeboth?Einsteinhadnoidea.,DR_Text11,Thatdidntslowhimdown.Disdainingcaution,Einsteinadoptedtheintuitiveleapasabasictool.“Ibelieveinintuitionandinspiration,”hewrotein1931.“AttimesIfeelcertainIamrightwhilenotknowingthereason.”AlthoughEinsteinsfivepaperswerepublishedinasingleyear,hehadbeenthinkingaboutphysics,deeply,sincechildhood.“Sciencewasdinner-tableconversationintheEinsteinhousehold,”explainsGalison.AlbertsfatherHermannanduncleJakobranaGermancompany,DR_Text12,makingsuchthingsasdynamos,arclamps,lightbulbsandtelephones.Thiswashigh-techattheturnofthecentury,“likeaSiliconValleycompanywouldbetoday,”notesGalison.“Albertsinterestinscienceandtechnologycamenaturally.”EinsteinsparentssometimestookAlberttoparties.Nobabysitterwasrequired:Albertsatonthecouch,totallyabsorbed,quietlydoingmathproblemswhileothersdancedaroundhim.PencilandpaperwereAlbertsGameBoy!,DR_Text13,Hehadimpressivepowersofconcentration.Einsteinssister,Maja,recalled“.evenwhentherewasalotofnoise,hecouldliedownonthesofa,pickupapenandpaper,precariouslybalanceaninkwellonthebackrestandengrosshimselfinaproblemsomuchthatthebackgroundnoisestimulatedratherthandisturbedhim.”,DR_Text14,Einsteinwasclearlyintelligent,butnotoutlandishlymoresothanhispeers.“Ihavenospecialtalents,”heclaimed,“Iamonlypassionatelycurious.”Andagain:“Thecontrastbetweenthepopularassessmentofmypowers.andtherealityissimplygrotesque.”Einsteincreditedhisdiscoveriestoimaginationandendlessquestioningmoresothanorthodoxintelligence.Laterinlife,itshouldberemembered,hestruggledmightilytoproduceaunifiedfieldtheory,combininggravitywithotherforcesofnature.Hefailed.Einsteinsbrainpowerwasnotlimitless.,DR_Text15,NeitherwasEinsteinsbrain.ItwasremovedwithoutpermissionbyDr.ThomasHarveyin1955whenEinsteindied.Heprobablyexpectedtofindsomethingextraordinary.ButEinsteinsbrainlookedmuchlikeanyother,gray,crinkly,and,ifanything,atriflesmallerthanaverage.,DR_S_Hishairwas,Whatdothewords“mess”and“again”suggestaboutEinstein?,ThesewordssuggesttwothingsaboutEinstein:1)Einsteinpaidlittleattentiontohisappearance.2)ItwasmorearegularpracticethananaccidentforEinsteintogotoworkwithmessyhair.,Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,他的头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。,DR_S_Albertfeltall,Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.,Whatdoes“allthepressureandresponsibility”referto?,Itreferstothepressurefromwork,thefamilyresponsibilitiesandthenecessitytoharmonizestrainedrelationshipsamongfamilymembers.,Whatdoyouthinkistheauthorspurposeofwritingthesentence?,TheauthorintendstousethesentenceasanevidencetoshowthatEinsteinwasnotaspacealienbutamanofhistimesincetheproblemsthattroubled“anyyounghusbandandfather”alsotroubledEinstein.,DR_S_Ohandby1,Howdoyouunderstandtheuseofthephrase“bytheway”inthesentence?,Originally“bytheway”isusedtointroduceacommentorquestionthatisonlyindirectlyrelatedtothemainsubjectofconversation;hereitisusedtoachievetherhetoricaleffectsofhumor,henceshouldntbetakenliterally.,Oh,andbytheway,E=mc.,DR_S_Ohandby2,Whatdoyouknowabout“E=mc”?,EinsteinwasthefirstscientisttoproposetheE=mc2formulainwhichEisenergy