practical-writing-实用写作解析.ppt

PracticalEnglishWriting,PartILettersandCommunications(书信、电函类)Part2FormsandCards(表格、卡片类)Part3NotesandBills(便条、条据类)Part4AdvertisementsandPublicSigns(广告、标识类),Part1LettersandCommunications(书信与电函),一、TypesofEnglishLetters,personalLetters,businessLetters,familylettersloveletterslettersofappointments,LettersofInvitation邀请信Thank-youLetters感谢信LettersofCongratulation祝贺信LettersofApologies道歉信LettersofConsolation慰问信LettersofCondolence吊唁信LettersofRequests请求信LettersofIntroduction介绍信LettersofRecommendation推荐信LettersofApplication求职信LettersofCertification证明信LettersofComplaint投诉信,1.Heading信头,即写信人的地址2.Date日期3.Insideaddress信内地址，即收信人地址4.Salutation称呼5.Body正文6.ComplimentaryClosing结束敬语7.Signature署名,二、TheStructureofEnglishLetters,ImwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.,MailboxNo.23,GXuniversityNanning,Guangxi,China,DearSir/Madam,Yoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmith,Nov.7,2011,insideaddress,salutation,date,heading,body,complimentaryclosing,signature,LiGangPeaceHotel1818LingXiaRoadBeijing,China,BlockFormat齐头式,即每一项构成要素都顶格书写。Paragraph-IndentedFormat缩行式,即每段开头都空五格,信头,日期写在右上方,结束语,签名写在右下方。ModifiedBlockFormat混合式,即每段开头顶格写,信头,日期,结束语,签名的位置与缩行式相同。,三、TheFormatofEnglishLetters,信头包括寄信人地址或某公司的名称、地址、电话、电传、传真、邮编、电子信箱地址或网址等。,heading,地址的书写顺序是由小到大:第一行写寄信人的门牌号码、街道名称;第二行先写城镇、县市名称，再写省或州名称，往右空两个字母的位置，再写上邮编。如果是寄往国外的信件，第三行写出寄信人所在国家的名称。,英文地址的写法和中文相反，口诀：由小到大(e.g.:号弄巷路/街城市国家),日期应写在寄信人地址下方，表达方式各不相同。通常英式按日/月/年的顺序，而美式按月日年的顺序。注意：年份写全，不可省略；月份用英文单词表示，不可用数字替代（一般信函可缩写，较正式的公函需写全）；日期用阿拉伯数字基数词表示即可。,2ndDecember,2011December2nd,20112December,2011December2,2011,7daysoftheweek,12monthsoftheyear,信内地址应写在信笺左上方，与信封上的地址完全一致。第一行写收信人姓名（称呼语+全名）；商务信函中还需另起一行写出职务；收信人地址应确切完整。,Mr.FrankBrown,jobtitle,receiversaddress,insideaddress,PublicRelationsManager,305QueensDrive,SafewayLaboratories,receiversname,DearSir/Madam,salutation,称呼应写在信内地址下，其左边要与信内地址第一行对齐。英文书信的称呼一般都是以Dear或Mydear开头的。1.亲近熟悉的人:Dear/Mydear+称呼或名字。2.长辈、关系一般、不相识：Dear+“先生/女士/教授”3.机关、团体、公司、工厂或学校：DearSirorMadam,Towhomitmayconcern.,DearSir/Madam,称呼下面隔一两行开始写正文。齐头式段落之间一定要空一行，缩进式通常不空。这样做是为了让段落划分清楚，在应试作文中尤其不可忽视。,ImwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.AlthoughIdidnothavetotravelinmypreviousjob,Iwouldbeverywillingtodoso.Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.,body,1、开门见山说意图,书信正文写作的五点要求,Imwritingto.Imwritingtoyouinthehopethat.Ishouldbeverygratefulifyoucould.Imsorrytobotheryou,but.,2、咨询/建议1、2、3、,3、不同内容可分段,4、感谢客气不可少,5、期待回信成老套,Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Ihopetoreceiveyourresponseshortly.Bestwishestoyou.Withmybestwishes.,Yoursfaithfully,开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语也称敬语，使用时也应因人而异，取决于发信人与收信人之间的关系或熟悉程度。1.家人亲戚:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yourslovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.2.长辈或一般朋友：Yoursrespectfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.3.机关、团体、学校等：Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.,complementaryclose,Yoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmith,写信人要在结束语下面签名，以表示对信件中的全部内容负责。签名最好是写信人的亲笔，手写后可附打印的全名。,signature,四、StylesofEnglishEnvelopes,如要说明信件由何种邮路递送或信件为何种类别，一般在信封正面的左下角注明。,航空ByAirMail挂号Registered印刷品PrintedMatter快件Express内有照片PhotoEnclosed,如信件需由别人或单位转交给收信人，则需在转交人前面加上C/O（careof）后跟转交人的姓名地址。如宋力托李娜转交一封信给李明，信封格式为：,SongLiNo.1MiddleSchoolNantong,226000Jiangsu,LiMingC/OLiNaBeijingUniversityBeijing,100871,如不需要邮寄，只需写上受托人和收信人的姓名即可。先写收信人，再用Bycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,Byfavorof引出所托之人的姓名。,LiMingBycourtesyofLiNa,面交信(宋力本人当面交给收信人的信)：,SongLiPresent,Practice,GeorgeWangwillwritealettertohispenpal,MikeClinton.Mikesaddressis:1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101,U.S.A.AndGeorgesaddressis:23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan,R.O.C.Pleasewriteanenvelopeforhim.,sendersnameandaddress,receiversnameandaddress,GeorgeWang23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan104R.O.C.,1.写给家人、亲戚或关系密切的朋友等人时，一般在Dear或Mydear之后分别加上亲属关系的称呼或直书其名。如：DearFather,Mydearson,DearJohn,Mydearuncle等。2.写给年长或关系一般的朋友、同事等时，习惯在Dear之后用“先生”、“小姐”等之类的称呼再加上某人的姓氏。如：DearMr.Smith,DearProfessorSmith,DearChairmanSmith。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用(Dear)Sir(s),Madam,DearSir/Madam,Gentlemen,Towhomitmayconcern等。,五、英文书信常用称呼,1.写给家人、亲戚时，一般用Yourlovingfather(son),Yoursveryaffectionately,YoursLovingly,Withlove,Lovingly,Withallthebest,Loveandallgoodwishes等。2.写给朋友、同事、同学等时，一般用Yoursrespectively,Yourssincerely,Yoursobediently,Yourstruly,Yourscordially,Withbestwishes等。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等。（结束语的第一个字母应大写，其中以Y开头的结束语的次序可以颠倒。如：Sincerelyyours,Cordiallyyours-）,六、英文书信常用结束语,1.Ishouldbeverygladifyouwouldcometodinnerwithmeatmyhomeat7a.m.onFriday,April24.2.WouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmenextSunday?3.Itwouldbeveryniceifyouandyourwifewouldcomeandspendtheweekendwithus?4.Wehopeyoucancomeandlookforwardtoseeingyoubythen.5.Willyoudousthefavorofjoiningourparty?6.Youarecordiallyinvitedtothedinnerparty.7.Wellbelookingforyoutwocharmingpeopleatthattime,sodontdisappointus.,七、邀请信常用套语,1.Manythanksforyourkindandwarmletter.2.Pleaseacceptmyprofoundappreciationfor-3.Wearegreatlyindebtedtoyouforyourhelp.4.Thankyousomuchforyourgeneroushospitality.5.YoucouldnthavegivenmeanythingthatIwouldenjoymore.6.Itwasmostkindofyoutosendusagiftandsuchahandsomeone!7.Yournoteofcongratulationsisdeeplyappreciated.8.IhopesomethingwillbringyoutomyhometownsoonsothatIcanreturnyourkindness.,八、感谢信常用套语,1.WearedelightedtolearnthatyouhaveenteredBejingUniversity.2.Acceptmysincerestcongratulationsonyour-3.Heartycongratulationsandgoodwishesonthismilestoneinyourlife.4.Manyhappyreturns(oftheday).祝你长寿(敬祝佳节)5.Mayyouhavemany,manyhappybirthdays,andalwayskeepthatlonelinessandcharmwhichGodgaveyou.祝你年年生日快乐,永远保持天生丽质与魅力。6.Ilookforwardtogreetingyouonyourgoldenweddinganniversary.Mayyouhavemanygoldenyears.7.PrayacceptmybestandsincerestwishesfortheNewYear.,九、祝贺信常用套语,1.Iamextremelysorry-2.Ioweyouanapologyfor-3.Isincerelyregret-4.ItiswithsentimentsofprofoundregretthatIamwritingthisletterofapologytoyou.5.HowcanIapologizeformissingourdateyesterday?6.Ihumblybegyourforgivenessformynegligence.7.Itrustyouwilloverlookthismistake,whichIexceedinglyregret.8.Athousandpardons,andletsmeetagainwhenyoureturn.,十、道歉信常用套语,1.Wewishyouaspeedyrecovery.2.Weresureitwontbelongbeforeyourebackonyourfeetagain.3.Beingmuchconcernedaboutyourailment,Ihastentooffermyheartysympathy.4.Wejustcanttellyouhowanxiousweweretolearnofyour-5.HowgrievedIamtohearofyour-6.IshallbeverymuchdelightedifIcanbeofanyservicetoyou.7.PleaseletmeknowwhatIcandotohelp.,十一、慰问信常用套语,1.Iwasterriblysorrytohearofthedeathof-2.IcanttellyouhowsaddenedIwas.3.Iamsorelygrievedtolearnofthedeathofyourfather,forwhomIhadthegreatestadmirationandregard.4.TearsstreamdownmycheekswhenIcallthelookofthedeceasedwhichinlife.当我回想起死者生前容貌时,禁不住热泪滚滚.5.IcannottellyouhowsorryIamtohearofyourgreatloss.Pleaseacceptmysympathyandbestwishes.6.Iknowyouwillbestrongandbraveforthesakeofthechildren.,十二、吊唁信常用套语,1.MayIrequestyourkindnesstoexecuteafewcommissionsforme?我能否求您替我代办几件事?2.Willyoupleasegreatlyobligemeby-?能够请您帮我个忙?3.MayItakethelibertyofaskingyouto-?我是否可以麻烦您?4.Itrustyouwillforgivemytroublingyouonsoslightartacquaintance.刚刚认识就给您添麻烦,请原谅.5.Pleasefavormewithanearlyreply.请早日答复.6.IfyouthinkImightbeofhelp,Ibegyounottohesitatetotellme.如认为我能帮忙的话,请尽管说.7.Ihopeyouwillputthematterinyourmind.希望您能把这事放在心上.,十三、请求信常用套语,1.Itakethelibertytointroducetoyou-兹冒昧向您介绍-2.Ihavethehonortointroducetoyou-我荣幸地向您介绍-3.WithagreatpleasureIintroducetoyou-我非常高兴地向您介绍-4.Thebearerofthisletter,Mr.-hasbeenwithusformanyyears.持信人-先生已同我们在一起多年.5.Mr.-,whowillpresentthisletter,isamanIhaveknownfor3years.呈交此信的-先生同我认识已有三年.6.Ifyouwillbesokindastorenderhimyourvaluableassistance,Ishallholdmyselfundergreatobligationtoyou.您若能对其鼎力相助,本人将甚为感激.7.IhopeyouwillkindlyshowhimattentionwhichIshallconsiderasshowntomyself.我希望你对他多加关照,我认为者如同对我的关照.,十四、介绍信常用套语,1.IamgladtorecommendtoyouMs.-2.ItismypleasuretorecommendtoyouMr.-3.PleaseallowmetorecommendMr.-asacandidate.4.Mr.-isamanofgoodeducation,andIamconfidentthathewillprovehisworthbyhisindustryandfaithfulness.5.Ishouldbemostgratefulifyouwouldconsidermyrecommendation.6.Ishallconsideritagreatfavorifyouwillbekindenoughtogivehimtheopportunityheseeks.,十五、推荐信常用套语,1.Replyingtoyouradvertisementfora_intodays_,Itakethelibertyofofferingmyselfforthesituation.响应你们今天在_上征聘一名_的启事,特冒昧申请这一职位.2.Ibelievethatmyabilityandexperiencewillfullyqualifymeforthepositionof_forwhichyouadvertisedintodays_.今天的_刊有你们征聘_的启事,我认为本人的能力与经历足以担任这份工作.3.Havingheardthatasituationof_isvacantinyourcompany,Ibegtooffermyselfasacandidateforthesame.听说贵公司缺少一名_,特申请这一职位.4.Ishallbemuchobligedifyouwillaccordmeanopportunityforinterview.如果能给予我面试的机会,我将不胜感激.5.Haveyouanopeninginyourcompanyforayoungmanwhobelievethathehassomethingtooffer?有位年轻人认为他能够对贵公司有所贡献,贵公司能对他打开大门吗?,十六、求职信常用套语,1.Iamwritingtoapplyformembershipin_.我特来信申请加入_.2.Iwishtoapplyforadmissiontoyourdepartmentasagraduatestudent.我愿申请到贵系当研究生.3.Ihavebeenworkingherefor2years.Ishouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsiderthepossibilityofgivingmeanincreaseinmywages,whichareatpresent$250aweek.我在这里工作已满2年,工资为每个星期250美元.如蒙考虑增加我的工资,当深为感激.4.Iwishtosubmitthearticleenclosedherewithforpublicationinyouresteemedjournal.我希望所寄去的文章在贵刊得以发表.5.Ishouldbeverygratefulifyouwouldletmehavedetailsofanyscholarshipsin_thatyourcountrymaybeofferingtoforeignstudents.贵国政府可为在_的外国学生提供何种奖学金,如果能让我了解这方面的详情