农业沼气与CDM.ppt

AgriculturalBiogasandCDM农业沼气与CDM,MartinDilgerCDMTechnicalDirectorCDM技术主管18/11/2008,AgriculturalBiogasandCDM农业沼气与CDM,UPM/OasisCompanyIntroduction公司简介BasicCDMKnow-HowCDM基础知识CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects农业沼气CDM项目开发要求Methodology方法学Additionality额外性4.BestPractice最佳实践5.TransactionCosts(CDMRelatedCosts)交易成本(CDM相关成本)6.Conclusion结论,UPM/OasisCompanyIntroduction公司介绍,StrategyofUPM-OASIS的战略:Technicalapproach技术方案Buildstablebasisofmutualtrust建立互信的坚实基础Followthewholeprojectcycle跟踪整个项目流程CombineGermanandChinesenetworksandexpertise整合德国和中国的网络资源、专业技术和专家团队Payspecialattentiontomonitoring尤其注重监测环节Investment=Control投资=监控,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识,CDMisaproject-basedmechanismundertheKyotoProtocolthataimsatreducinggreenhousegasemissionsindevelopingcountries.TheCDMsaimsaretwofolds:清洁发展机制，是基于京都议定书，针对发展中国家温室气体减排而建立的一种项目机制。清洁发展机制的目标分为两方面：ItsupportsthedevelopedcountriesinreachingtheiremissionstargetssetbytheKyotoProtocol发达国家：以较低的成本实现京都议定书规定的部分减排承诺andthedevelopingcountriesinachievingahigherlevelofsustainabledevelopmentthroughtechnologytransferandfinancialassistance.发展中国家：通过技术转移和资金资助促进可持续发展ForaprojecttobeapprovedasaCDMprojectithastomeetvariousobligationandgothroughadefinedprojectcycle.一个项目一旦确定为CDM项目，就要遵循各种规定和项目流程。,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识,发起国Sponsor,东道国Host,Needfor“CertifiedEmissionReductions”,CER,inAnnexIcountries需要减排额（CER）,附件1所提及的国家,Needforsustainabledevelopment,especiallyintheenergysector,innon-annexIcountries需要可持续发展，尤其在能源行业，属于附件1没有提及的国家,TechnologytransferandInvestment技术转移和投资,CERforfulfillingcommitment减排额承诺,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识-SourcesofanthropogenicGHG人为温室气体排放源-,Transportsector交通,Fossilfuelforenergy化石燃料供能,Agriculturalsector农业,Individual(privatesector)民用,Industry工业,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识-SourcesofanthropogenicGHG人为温室气体排放源-,Maincomponents:CO2,CH4,N2O,HFC23,SF6,etc.主要成分：CO2,CH4,N2O,HFC23,SF6,etc.CO2:Resultofcombustionoffossilfuel(coal,gasandoil)forenergypurpose.二氧化碳：化石燃料（煤、天然气、石油）的燃烧CH4:Mainlyby-productatcoalminesandinanaerobicprocesses(landfill,lagoons,etc.)甲烷：煤矿开采、厌氧过程（垃圾填埋、泻湖等）N2O:MainlyinIndustry(fertilizerproduction)一氧化氮：工业（化肥生产）others:mainlyby-productinindustry其他：工业副产品,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识,CDMtargets:CDM目标：ReductionofGHGoravoidanceofGHG!减少或避免温室气体排放！1tCO2=1tCO2e(GlobalWarmingPotentialofCO2=1二氧化碳温室气体效应设定为1)1tCH4=21tCO2e(GWPofCH4=21)1tN2O=310tCO2e(GWPofN2O=310)etc.OnlyexistingGHG-emissionscanbethebasisforaCDM-project!只有已经存在的温室气体排放项目可以开发成为CDM项目!ReductionofGHGoravoidanceofGHGhastobeadditional!减少或避免温室气体的排放必须具有额外性!Eachprojecthastoproof,thatwithoutCDMthisactivitywouldnottakeplace!所有项目必须证明,没有CDM的支持,项目活动是无法进行的!,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,Threebasicquestions:三个基本问题:WherecanwereduceoravoideexistingGHG-emissionsbyrealizingabiogasproject?通过实施项目,在哪里可以减少和避免温室气体的排放?IsthebiogasprojectadditionalandwouldnotberealizedwithoutCDM(Additionality)?沼气项目是否具有额外性;如果没有CDM是否无法实现(额外性)?AretheresomeofthemaintargetsofCDMfullfilled:是否实现CDM主要的目标:SustainableDevelopment;可持续发展;TechnologyTransfer;技术转移;FinancialAssistancebyAnnex1countries.附件1国家的融资支持。,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,WherecanwereduceoravoideexistingGHG-emissionsbyrealizingabiogasproject?通过实施项目,在哪里可以减少和避免温室气体的排放?Dependingon:取决于：CurrentAnimalWasteManagementSystem(AWMS);现有的畜禽废弃物管理系统；Climateconditions;气候条件；Howthebiogaswillbeused(e.g.replacementoffossilfuelbasedelectricityorheatproduction);沼气如何使用（如：取代化石燃料发电或供热）；.etc.等等。,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,CurrentCH4emission,whichisfinallythebasisforCERcalculation,dependsverymuchoncurrentAWMS!现有的甲烷排放量（计算减排量的基础）取决于现有的畜禽粪便管理系统！,CH4Emission甲烷排放量,100%ofpotential潜力的100%,max.70%possible最大可能70%,CH4Emission(inwarmclimate)甲烷排放量（气候温暖）,CH4Emission(incoldclimate)甲烷排放量（气候寒冷）,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,WherecanwereduceoravoideexistingGHG-emissionsbyrealizingabiogasproject?通过实施项目,在哪里可以减少和避免温室气体的排放?Dependingon:取决于：CurrentAnimalWasteManagementSystem(AWMS);现有的畜禽废弃物管理系统；Climateconditions;气候条件；Howthebiogaswillbeused(e.g.replacementoffossilfuelbasedelectricityorheatproduction)沼气如何使用（如：取代化石燃料发电或供热）；.etc.等等。IsthebiogasprojectadditionalandwoulditnotberealizedwithoutCDM(Additionality)?沼气项目是否具有额外性;如果没有CDM是否无法实现(额外性)?Dependingon:取决于：WhatwouldhappenwithoutCDM?如果没有CDM将会如何？Whatisrequiredbynationalregulations?国家法律法规的要求是什么？.etc.等等。SustainalbeDevelopment,TechnologyTransferandfinancialAsssistance?是否需要可持续发展，技术转移和融资支持？Dependingon:取决于：Sectorofprojectactivity;项目活动领域；Commonpracticeinhostcountry;东道国的普遍实践；.etc.等等。,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,Howtoanswerthethreebasicquestions?如何回答这三个基本问题？Usingapprovedmethodologies(byUNFCCC)使用经批准的方法学（UNFCCC联合国气候变化公约）ApprovedconsolidatedbaselinemethodologyACM0010“ConsolidatedbaselinemethodologyforGHGemissionreductionsfrommanuremanagementsystems”forlargescaleprojects;经批准的基线方法学ACM0010，“粪便管理系统温室气体减排基线方法学”，适用于开发大规模项目；AMS-III.D.Methanerecoveryinanimalmanuremanagementsystemsforsmallscaleprojects;AMS-III.D.，动物粪便管理系统甲烷回收方法学，适用于小规模项目；AMS-I.D.Gridconnectedrenewableelectricitygenerationforsmallscaleprojects(15MWel)AMS-I.D.，可再生能源发电方法学，适用于小规模项目（15MWel）。,CDMRequirementsforAgriculturalBiogasProjects沼气CDM项目要求,ApplicabilitycriteriaaccordingtoAWMSmethodologies:方法学适用性：AtleastonekindofexistingAWMS(likelagoon,drylot,solidstorage,etc.)至少有一种现存的粪便管理系统（如：储粪池，堆粪池，堆粪场等）。Confinedfarms圈养Manureisnotdischargedintonaturalwaterresources(e.g.riverorestuaries)粪污不能排入自然水域（如：河流或江口）Annualaveragetemperatureofprojectlocationishigherthan5项目地点年均气温高于5度IfcurrentAWMSisusingalagoon:1)thedepthoflagoonsishigherthan1mand2)theretentiontimeofmanurewasteisgreaterthan1month.如果现有的粪便管理系统适用储粪池：1）池深高于1米；2）池容足够储存1个月以上的粪污量。Arethereanyexistingactivitiesinvolvingbiogasgenerationand/orutilization?目前是否有生产或使用沼气的活动？Otherrequirements:其他要求：Sludge/effluentistreatedaerobicafterthedigester沼液/渣厌氧处理Monitoringequipmentreliableandaccordingtonationalstandard监测设备可靠并依照国家标准运行,NationalRequirementsandRestrictions-CDMrelated-CDM相关的国家要求和规则,Amongothers:其中：MeasuresforOperationandManagementofCleanDevelopmentMechanismProjectsinChina;issuedbytheco-chairsandvicechairoftheNationalCDMBoard(NDRC,MoST,MFA):中国清洁发展机制运行和管理办法由国家CDM委员会联合发布（国家发改委，科技部，财政部）：atleast51%oftheequityshareofCDMprojectownedbyChineseentitiesorcitizenCDM项目开发中，中方必须绝对控股（持有51%以上的股权）floorpricevalueforCERs(notlessthan89EURO/CER)减排指标CER最低价格（不得低于8-9欧元/吨CER）Girdconnection:发电上网：Gridconnectionforinstalledcapacitylowerthan500kWverydifficult装机容量低于500千瓦的项目并网非常难5.000cows;50.000pigs;1.2miochicken大约等于五千头牛，五万头猪，一百二十万只鸡。,BestPractice最佳实践,Input投入,Outputrevenues%产出收入Saleofelectricity15售电Saleofheatandgas10售热、售气Saleoffertilizer25出售肥料SaleofCERs50CER收入,ProceedsfromsaleofoutputsjointlyownedbyPRCgovernmentandPRCprojectowner产出收入由中国政府和中国企业的业主共享Chinesegovernmentisentitledto2%ofthetransferpriceoftheoutputsfromnewandrenewableenergyprojects中国政府享有新能源和可再生能源项目收益的2%,Land土地,Capital资本,Technology技术,ProjectJV项目合资企业,Investment投资,Know-how知识,TransactionCosts交易成本,CDM-Project-Cycle(8-12months)CDM开发周期（8-12个月）,Conclusion结论,CDMcouldbeaveryimportanttool,tofinancegoodandreliablebiogasprojectsinChina.CDM可能成为解决中国沼气项目融资的重要工具。CurrentAWMSisessentialforCDMfeasibilityandattractivenes.现有的粪便管理系统对于CDM项目可行性和吸引力的评估是至关重要的。Efficientaerobicsludge/effluenttreatementisaimportantandoftenunderestimatedtopicformakingbiogasprojectsCDM-feasible.有效的处理沼液/渣（好氧）对于评估CDM项目可行性很重要，但通常被低估。CDMconsultingexpertsshouldbeinvolvedasearlyaspossible.Profoundknow-howaboutCDMrequirementsareveryimportantineachstepofprojectdevelopment.CDM咨询专家应尽早介入项目。熟悉CDM要求在项目开发的每一步都很重要。Transactioncostsaresmallcomparedtoadditionalbenefit.交易成本相对于额外效益是较少的。CDMrequirestransperantprojectdevelopmentCDM项目开发须透明。CDMisainternationaltool,thismeansyouhavetocommunicateandworkwithinternationalpartners.CDM是国际市场机制，这意味着业主需要与国际伙伴合作。,Thankyouverymuch!谢谢大家！Ifyouhavesomequestions,pleasedonothesitateaskingme!欢迎大家提问！MartinDilgerCDMTechnicalDirectorUPM(UmweltProjectManagement),GermanyOasisPowerTechnology,Beijing,Additionalslides,ifaskedformoredetailinformation.,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识,TheUnitedNationsadoptedtheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)in1992.1992年通过的联合国气候变化框架公约TheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionisstabilizationofGHGconcentrationsintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem公约的终极目标：阻止人类活动对气候系统的危险性影响，将大气中温室气体的浓度稳定在一个安全的水平上,BasicCDMKnow-How基础知识,TheKyotoProtocolwasadoptedinKyoto,Japan,inDecember19971997年12月，在日本京都，通过了京都议定书TheProtocoldefinesquantifiedgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsreductiontargetsfordevelopedcountries(AnnexIParties)规定了发达国家（附件1国家）的温室气体减排义务Thenear-termchallengeistoachievetheKyototargets完成京都议定书设定的目标是我们近期内面临的挑战Thelonger-termchallengeistomeettheobjectivesofArticle2oftheUNFCCC,i.e.,stabilizationofGHGconcentrationsintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclima