主将从现情况小结

主将从现情况小结 主将从现问题是中考考点之一。它是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。常见的有以下三种情况： 一、条件状语从句、时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。 如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 If tomorrow is rainy，we wont go. 二、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。 如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。 四、as soon as Assoonasshegetshere,Illtellheraboutit.五UnlessI will not go there unless I am free that day.六、untilI wont go out until the rain stops.练习 单项选择（中考题）： 1 If he _ harder , he will catch up with us soon.（04 北京） A study B studies C will study D studied 2 I will go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow.（04哈尔滨） A will be B shall be C am D was 3 If you _ a chance to study in a foreign country ,just take it .（04 苏州） A getting B had got C will get D get 4 Dont leave until he _ back.（） A have come B comes C will come D came 5 “ Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow?” “ Oh, it will be put off if it _.（04 黄冈） A snows B is snowing C snowed D will snow 6 Tell him about the news when he _ ,John. Yes, I will.（04 宁波） A comes B will come C would D is coming 7 Tomorrow we will go to the city park_ it is sunny.（05 安徽） A as soon as B when C if D as 8 Please dont leave until your teacher _back.（05河南） A will come B came C comes D is coming 9 I want to know if there _a sports meeting next month . If they _ it , I must get ready for it。（05青岛） A is,will hold B will be, hold C will be, will hold D will have, hold 10 Mary, what about going boating if it _tomorrow. Good idea.（） A not rain B will rain C doesnt rain D wont rain 参考答案：1-5BCDBA 6-10 ACCBCas soon as“一就”，常用“主将从现”句式中 if 在英语中两种意思 一种是假如，用主将从现，比如 If tomorrow is rainy，we wont go. 主句用一般现在时表示将来，从句用一般将来时。 另一种是是否，比如 I dont know if he will come. 这里的if用来连接一个从句，用将来时态，如果主句是一般现在时，if后的就用一般将来时。如果主句是一般过去时，if后用过去将来时，即would do. 所以并非有if都是主将从现，要注意区别它在句中的含义。用unless 引导条件状语从句时，要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的：unless = if not 。因此，我们在逻辑上要注意：英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文。特别是当主句是否定句时，逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。如：I will not go there unless I am free that day.If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 . 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.五、找关键词来确定时态。在考试中，出题教师通常会给出“信号”，使考生可以准确判断该选什么时态，这些“信号”就是得分的源泉。（一）看到usually , always , often , sometimes等频度副词，通常为一般现在时。（二）看到every 组成的词组，如every day ,every year ,通常为一般现在时。（三）看到next组成的词组，注意前面无“the ”可确定为将来时。（四）看到soon , tomorrow , in +时间可确定为将来时。（五）看到now , these days , Look ! Listen !通常为现在进行时。（六）看到yesterday , ago , last词组，just now , in 1980 等可确定为一般过去时。（七）看到this time yesterday , at that time , just then 时通常为过去进行时。（八）看到already , yet , ever , for , since , just ,可断定为现在完成时。（九）看到by the end of + 过去时间，一定是过去完成时。（十）看到if , as soon as , when 引导的状语从句，注意“主将从现”。（十一）看到 since ,前面为现在完成时，后面为一般过去时。（十二）看到when , while 时，持续性动词用进行时，瞬间动作用一般过去时。III.被动语态动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。构成方式： 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p.)”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样。现将不同时态的被动语态结构列表如下： 现在 过去 将来 一般时态 am(is, are)+p.p. was(were) +p.p. will(shall) be+p.p.现在时态 am(is, are)+ being +p.p. was(were)+ being +p.p. 无完成时态 have(has) been +p.p. had been +p.p. will(shall) have been +p.p. 其它结构： A. 含情态动词的被动语态结构一般为：情态动词+ be + p.p.。 B. 有些动词可以带有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，称为“保留宾语”; 也可以把直接宾语变为主语，这时可根据动词词义在间接宾语前增加介词to或for。 C. 有复合宾语的句子的被动语态：主动句中的宾补如果是不带to的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带to，常见跟不带to的复合宾语的动词有see, feel, hear, make等。 D. 短语动词的被动语态：及物的短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的整体性，不可丢掉其后的介词或副词,这类常见的短语动词有：look for, look after, take care of等。 E. 几种特殊结构： a. It is said that.“据说”；It is well known that.“众所周知”。用来表示客观说明。 b. be worth + v-ing “值得”，其中v-ing是主动形式表示被动意义。 初三上学期复习（一）( )1. There _ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _. A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening? - She often _ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _ TV. A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _ around the sun. A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves( )7. If he _harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied( )8. - Dont forget to ask him to write to me. - I wont. As soon as he _, Ill ask him to write to you. A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming( )9. - Do you like this silk dress?- Yes, I do. It _ so soft and comfortable. A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt ( )10. Oh, its you. Im sorry I _ know you _ here. A. dont; are B. didnt; are C. didnt; were D. dont; were( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _ a lot of famous novels. A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write( )12. - Your telephone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 2567321. A. cant B. couldnt C. dont D. didnt( )13. - How was your weekend on the farm?- Great! We _ with the farmers. A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends( )14. - What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? - He _ a city bus for over twenty-five years. A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives( )15. Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy( )16. - Liu Mei cant come tonight.- Why? But she _ me she would come. A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told( )17. He turned off the light and then _. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left( )18. - Keep quiet, please. They _ a meeting. - Sorry. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had( )19. - Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. - Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go( )20. Frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be( )21. There _ a talk on science in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is ( )22. - Shall we go shopping now? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing( )23. - Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. - I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited( )24. - Did you see Tom at the party? - No, he _ by the time I got there. A. had left B. was leaving C. left D. has left( )25. - Is this raincoat yours? - No, mine _ there behind the door. A. has hung B. is hanging C. hung D. will hang( )26. - _ you _ TV at the moment? - No, you can turn it off. A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched( )27. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read( )28. Mr Smith _a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing( )29. - I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. am having B. had C. was having D. have had ( )30. - Do you know Miss Wang? - Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. was working B. has worked C. is working D. had worked( )31. Mr White _ the newspaper, while his daughter _TV. A. read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. read; watched( )32. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? - I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see ( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _ about the new film. A. are talking B. were talking C. talked D. talks ( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _ on August 13. A. has begun B. lasted C. began D. has lasted ( )35. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began( )36. - May I speak to Mr Smith? - Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesnt come back( )37. I cant go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. lost C. will lose D. was losing( )38. - What do you think of the film Harry Potter?- It is very nice. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( )39. We _to learn English five years ago. We _ it for five years up to now. A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; had learned D. began; have learned( )40. - What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it？ - Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having ( )41. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ( )42. - Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have come B. had been C. was D. have been( )43. - _ my dictionary anywhere?- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Have you seen B. Do you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see( )44. - I havent heard from Li Jun for a long time.- What do you think _ to him? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened( )45. - Do you know our town at all?- No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming( )46. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left( )47. - How long _ your father _ the Party?- For more than twenty years. A. has; joined B. did; join C. has; been in D. does; join ( )48. Mrs Smith _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; would come D. had left; came( )49. - Do you know Betty very well? - Yes, she and I _ friends since we met in Guangzhou last summer. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned( )50. - What did your son say in the letter? - He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit( )50. - What did your son say in the letter? - He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit( )51. - The letter _ in Japanese. Can you read it to me? - With pleasure. A. writes B. wrote C. is writing D. is written ( )52. - This kind of rice tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown? - Yes, it _ in Southeast China. A. was grew B. has grown C. is grown D. is growing ( )53. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served( )54. - Did you win the basketball game? - Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one. A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten( )55. This painting _ to a museum in New York in 1977. A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold ( )56. The television _. It doesnt work now. A. must repair B. was repairing C. must be repaired D. has repaired ( )57. I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover( )58. - Do you think that the classroom _ every day? - Yes, I think so. A. should clean B. should be cleaning C. should cleaned D. should be cleaned( )59. I like my new bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden( )60. - Do you think this kind of apple _ well? - No, I dont think so. A. have sold B. sells C. are sold D. would sell( )61. It is said that about 400 cars _ in the factory next month. A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced( )62. I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help with the harvest on the farm. A. asked B. was asked C. was asking D. had asked( )63. - Are you free this afternoon? - No. Ill have an English composition _ this afternoon. A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written( )64. How sweet the music _! I have never heard a better piece. A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds( )65. - Where are the boys? - Oh, they _ basketball on the playground just now. A. were seen play B. were seen to play C. have seen to play D. have seen play( )66. - Can you sing this English song? - Of course I can. It _ often _ by children. A. is; sang B. will; sing C. was ; sang D. is ; sung( )67. No one