电子商务英语课件1.ppt

实用电子商务英语,学习指导电子商务在现代生活中的位置越来越重要，它的出现不仅为企业提供了创造效益的平台，而且也极大的方便了用户的使用，逐渐成为商务活动中占主导位置的形式。随着计算机及通信技术的发展，为电子商务发展提供了更加广阔的空间。,Unit1IntroductiontoElectronicCommerce,本章主要介绍了以下内容：什么是电子商务电子商务的类型电子商务的发展com的繁荣、破灭和重生电子商务的优势电子商务的劣势,1.1ElectronicCommerceandElectronicBusiness,Tomanypeople,thetermelectroniccommercemeansshoppingonthepartoftheInternet.However,electroniccommerce(ore-commerce)alsoincludesmanyotheractivities,suchasbusinessestradingwithotherbusinessesandinternalprocessesthatcompaniesusetosupporttheirbuying,selling,hiring,planning,andotheractivities.,Somepeopleusethetermelectronicbusiness(ore-business)whentheyare,talkingaboutelectroniccommerceinthisbroadersense.Forexample,IBMdefineselectronicbusinessasthetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.,Mostpeopleusethetermselectroniccommerceandelectronicbusinessinterchangeably.Inthisbook,thetermelectroniccommerce(ore-commerce)isusedinitsbroadestsenseandincludesall,businessactivitiesconductedusingelectronicdatatransmissiontechnologies.,ThemostcommontechnologyusedistheInternet,butothertechnologies,suchaswirelesstransmissionsonmobiletelephoneandpersonaldigitalassistant(PDA)devices,arealsoincluded.,1.2CategoriesofElectronicCommerce,Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses.Thefivegeneralelectroniccommercecategoriesarebusiness-to-consumer,business-to-business,businessprocesses,consumer-to-consumer,andbusiness-to-government.,Thethreecategoriesthataremostcommonlyusedare:ConsumershoppingontheWeb,oftencalledbusiness-to-consumer(orB2C),TransactionsconductedbetweenbusinessesontheWeb,oftencalledbusiness-to-business(orB2B)Transactionsandbusinessprocessesthatcompanies,governments,andotherorganizationsundertakeontheInternettosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities.,Tounderstandthesecategoriesbetter,consideracompanythatmanufacturesstereospeakers.Thecompany,mightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce.,ItmightalsopurchasethematerialsitusestomakethespeakersfromothercompaniesontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Belectroniccommerce.Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers.Thesedepartmentsareusuallynamedsupplymanagementorprocurement.Thus,B2Belectroniccommerceissometimescallede-procurement.,Inadditiontobuyingmaterialsandsellingspeakers,thecompanymustalsoundertakemanyotheractivitiestoconvertthepurchasedmaterialsintospeakers.,Theseactivitiesmightincludehiringandmanagingthepeoplewhomakethespeakers,rentingorbuyingthefacilitiesinwhichthespeakersaremadeandstored,shippingthespeakers,maintainingaccountingrecords,purchasinginsurance,developingadvertisingcampaigns,anddesigningnewversionsofthespeakers.,AnincreasingnumberofthesetransactionsandbusinessprocessescanbedoneontheWeb.Manufacturingprocesses(suchasthefabricationofthespeakers)canbecontrolledusingInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness.,Allofthesecommunication,control,andtransaction-relatedactivitieshavebecomeimportantpartsofelectroniccommerce.SomepeopleincludetheseactivitiesintheB2Bcategory;othersrefertothemasunderlyingorsupportingbusinessprocesses.,figure1-1ElementsofElectronicCommerce,Figure1-1showsthethreemainelementsofelectroniccommerce.Thefigurepresentsaroughapproximationoftherelativesizesoftheseelements.Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions,B2BelectroniccommerceismuchgreaterthanB2Celectroniccommerce.,However,thenumberofsupportingbusinessprocessesisgreaterthanthatofB2CandB2Btransactionscombined.ThelargeovalinFigure1-1thatrepresentsthebusinessprocessesthatsupportsellingandpurchasingactivitiesisthelargestelementofelectroniccommerce.,Someresearchersdefineafourthcategoryofelectroniccommerce,calledconsumer-to-consumer(orC2C),whichincludesindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthemselves.,Forexample,C2CelectroniccommerceoccurswhenapersonsellsanitemthroughaWebauctionsitetoanotherperson.Inthisbook,C2CsalesareincludedintheB2Ccategorybecausethepersonsellingtheitemactsmuchasabusinesswouldforpurposesofthetransaction.,Finally,someresearchersalsodefineacategoryofelectroniccommerceasbusiness-to-government(orB2G).Thiscategoryincludesbusiness,transactionswithgovernmentagencies,suchaspayingtaxesandfilingrequiredreports.,AnincreasingnumberofstateshaveWebsitesthathelpcompaniesdobusinesswithstategovernmentagencies.Forexample,theCAL-BuysitemakesiteasyforbusinessestoconductonlinetransactionswiththeStateofCalifornia.Inthisbook,B2GtransactionsareincludedinourdiscussionsofB2Belectroniccommerce.,Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother,theyhaveadoptedthetoolsandtechnologiesthatbecameavailable.Forexample,1.3TheDevelopmentandGrowthofElectronicCommerce,theadventofsailingshipsinancienttimesopenednewavenuesoftradetobuyersandsellers.Laterinnovations,suchastheprintingpress,steamengine,andtelephone,haveeachchangedthewayinwhichpeopleconductcommerceactivities.,TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy,sell,hire,andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness.,AlthoughtheWebhasmadeonlineshoppingpossibleformanybusinessesandindividualsinabroadersense,electroniccommercehasexistedformanyyears.Formorethan30years,bankshavebeenemployingelectronicfundstransfers(EFTs,alsocalledwiretransfers),whichareelectronictransmissionsofaccountexchangeinformationoverprivatecommunicationnetworks.,Businessesalsohavebeenengaginginatypeofelectroniccommerce,knownaselectronicdatainterchange,formany,years.Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)occurswhenonebusinesstransmitscomputer-readabledatainastandardformattoanotherbusiness.,Inthe1960s,businessesrealizedthatmanyofthedocumentstheyexchangedwererelatedtotheshippingofgoods,forexample,invoices,purchaseorders,andbillsoflading.Thesedocumentsincludedthesamesetofinformationforalmosteverytransaction.,Businessesalsorealizedthattheywerespendingagooddealoftimeandmoneyenteringthisdataintotheircomputers,printingpaperforms,andthenreenteringthedataontheothersideofthetransaction.Althoughthepurchaseorder,invoice,andbillofladingforeachtransactioncontainedmuchofthesameinformation-suchasitemnumbers,descriptions,prices,andquantities-eachpaperformusuallyhaditsownuniqueformatforpresentingthatinformation.,Bycreatingasetofstandardformatsfortransmittingthatinformationelectronically,businesseswereabletoreduceerrors,avoid,printingandmailingcosts,andeliminatetheneedtoreenterthedata.,BusinessesthatengageinEDIwitheachotherarecalledtradingpartners.TheU.S.government,whichisoneofthelargestEDItradingpartnersintheworld,alsowasinstrumentalinbringingbusinessesintoEDI.Fornineyears,endingin2001,theDefenseLogisticsAgencyoperatedanumberofElectronicCommerceResourceCenters(ECRCs)throughoutthecountry.,TheECRCsprovidedfreeassistancetomanybusinesses,especiallysmallerbusinesses,sotheycoulddoEDIwiththeU.S.DefenseDepartmentandotherfederalagencies.,TheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologycontinuestooperateoneofthesecentersastheGeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter,whichservesbusinessesinAlabama,Georgia,andTennessee.,Between1997and2000morethan12,000Internet-relatedbusinesseswerestartedwithmorethan$100billionofinvestorsmoney.Inanextendedburstofoptimismandwhatmanycametodescribeasirrationalexuberance,investorsfearedthattheymightmissthemoney-makingopportunityofalifetime.,1.4TheDot-ComBoom,Bust,andRebirth,Asmoreinvestorscompetedforafixednumberofgoodideas,thepriceofthoseideasincreased.Worse,anumberofbadideaswereproposedandfunded.Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin2000.,Themediacoverageofthedot-combustwasextensive.However,between2000and2003,morethan$200billionwasinvestedinpurchasingelectroniccommercebusinessesthatwereintroubleandstartingnewonlineventures,accordingtoindustryresearchfirmWebMergers.,Thissecondwaveoffinancialinvestmenthasnotbeenreportedextensivelyineitherthegeneralorbusinessmedia,butitisfuelingarebirthofgrowthinonlinebusinessactivity.,Afterseeingsomanynewstoriesduringtheperiodfrom2000through2002proclaimingthedeathofelectroniccommerce,manypeoplearesurprisedtofindthatthegrowthinonlineB2Csaleshadcontinuedthroughthatperiod,althoughataslowerpacethanduringtheboomyearsofthelate1990s.,hus,thebustthatwassowidelyreportedinthemediawasreallymoreofaslowdownthanatruecollapse.Afterfouryearsofdoublingortriplingeveryyear,growthinonlinesalesslowedtoanannualrateof20to30percentstartingin2001.,Mostexpertsexpectthisgrowthratetocontinueoverthenextseveralyears.,OneforcedrivingthegrowthinonlinesalestoconsumersistheeverincreasingnumberofpeoplewhohaveaccesstotheInternet.ThePewInternetvt.雇请,出租;vi.受雇interchange/intteind/vt.(指两人等)交换;v.相互交换categorize/ktigraiz/v.加以类别,分类,Vocabulary,participate/p:tisipeit/vi.参与,参加,分享,分担stero-prefix表示“立体”的意思procurement/prkjumnt/n.获得,取得rent/rent/v.租,租借,出租;n.租金fabrication/fbrikein/n.制作,构成,伪造物,装配工approximation/prksmein/n.接近,走近,/数/近似值,engage/ingeid/vt.使忙碌,雇佣,预定,使从事于,使参加;vi.答应,从事,交战,/机/接合,advent/dvnt/n.(尤指不寻常的人或事)出现,到来auction/:kn/n.拍卖;vt.拍卖avenue/vinju:/n.林荫道,大街,方法,途径,路innovation/inuvein/n.改革,创新invoice/invis/n.发票,发货单,货物;v.开发票,记清单,instrumental/instrumentl/a.仪器的,器械的,乐器的boom/bu:m/n.繁荣,隆隆声;v.发隆隆声,兴隆,迅速发展bust/bst/v.破灭investor/invest/n.投资者optimism/ptimizm/n.乐观,乐观主义（反pessimism悲观主义）irrational/irnl/a.无理性的,失去理性的exuberance/igzju:brns/n.茂盛,丰富,健康,downturn/daunt:n/n.低迷时期venture/vent/n.冒险,投机,风险;v.冒险,冒昧,斗胆,胆敢(谦语)triple/tripl/n.三倍数,三个一组;a.三倍的;v.成三倍,增至三倍access/kses/n.通路,访问,入门;vt.存取,接近bid/bid/vt.出价,投标,祝愿,命令,吩咐;n.出价,投标;v.支付quote/kwut/vt.引用,引证,提供,提出,报(价),audit/:dit/n.审计,稽核,查帐;vt.稽核,旁听;vi.查账fraud/fr:d/n.欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货;telecommute/telikmju:t/vi.(在家里通过使用与工作单位连接的计算机终端)远距离工作;vt.通讯perishable/peribl/adj.容易腐烂的mature/mtju/adj.成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的;vt.使成熟;vi.成熟,到期,integrate/intigreit/vt.使成整体,使一体化,求.的积分v.结合conduct/kndkt/n.行为,操行;v.引导,管理,为人,传导Oval/uvl/a.卵形的，椭圆形的n.卵形,椭圆形,Phrases,e-commerce电子商务（本书采用此做电子商务的专有名词）e-business电子商务finishedproduct成品purchaseorder采购订单billsoflading提货单,GeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter佐治亚电子商务技术资源中心gooutofbusiness倒闭onlinebusiness网上企业PewCharitableTrusts教友慈善信托基金stemfrom由.发生，滋生,AbbreviationsPDApersonaldigitalassistant个人数字终端B2Cbusiness-to-consumer企业对消费者B2Bbusiness-to-business企业对企业C2Cconsumer-to-consumer消费者对消费者,B2Gbusiness-to-government消费者对政府EFTelectronicfundstransfer电子资金转移ECRCsElectronicCommerceResourceCenters电子商务资源中心,NotestothePassage,1.注意以下4个词的不同含义：transformvt.使变化；改变transfervt.&vi.迁移，移转transmitvt.传（播）送，传送（光、热）transactvt.&vi.办理,处理；交易,2.在英语中，采取“名词”+“-”+“分词（或形容词）”的形式，起到对名词做修饰和加强的作用，如本文中的：transaction-related(相关交易的),computer-readable（计算机可读的）,money-making（制造货币的，获取利润的）,order-taking（采取订单的）,commuter-caused（通讯引起的）,3.IBMdefineselectronicbusinessasthetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.IBM公司认为e-business是使用互联网技术进行的关键业务流程转移。defineas将定义为,4.Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses.有些人认为可以按参与交易的实体或企业的流程方对电子商务进行分类。这里participating做后置定语，修饰entities。,5.Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers.企业往往会设立专门的部门负责同供应商谈判采购交易。,6.Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions从交易额和交易量来看intermsof表示“依据”。,7.Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother在过去几千年的贸易实践中，engage表示人们之间从事贸易的活动,8.TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy,sell,hire,andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness.互联网则比此前其他任何工具更大范围、更迅速地改变了人们采购、销售、招聘员工、组织业务活动的方式。这里，（that）peoplebuy做定语从句。,9.Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin2000.在2000年开始的低迷期中，有五千多家互联网公司倒闭或被并购。这里的beacquired表示“被并购”的含义。,10.Electroniccommerceincreasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation,whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactions.电子商务提高了企业间信息交换的速度和准确性，降低了交易双方的成本。这里的“which”均指“electroniccommerce”。,11.Someconsumersarestillfearfulofsendingth