英语句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句)ppt课件

.,1,英语句子类型,.,2,英语句子可分为：简单句并列句复杂/合句,名词性从句,状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,（时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等）,.,3,1.主语不及物动词Shecame/Myheadaches.2.主语及物动词宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语系动词表语（主语补语）Sheishappy4.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.5.主语及物动词宾语宾补ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.6.Therebe句型：Thereisabookonthedesk.Thereexistedmanydinosaurs.,简单句基本句型,.,4,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）(方式/地点/时间)Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.,.,5,并列句,由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类：1表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词有and，both.and.，notonly.butalso.，neither.nor.，aswellas等。Hehelpsmeandhealsohelpsothers.Shenotonlygaveusalotofadvice,butalsohelpedustoovercomedifficulties.2表示转折关系，常用连词有but，however,yet（然而），while（而）等。Heisyoung,butheworkshard.Sheistall,whilehereldersisterisshort.,.,6,并列句,3表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not.but（不是而是），either.or.（要么要么）等。Hurryup,orwellbelate.EitheryoucometomyhomeorIgettoyours.4表示因果关系，常见连词有as，for（因为），so等Mikedidntcometoschool,forhewasill.Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass.,.,7,复杂句/复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。,名词性从句,状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,复合句,.,8,状语从句,时间:Everybodywasassignedajobassoonastheyleftuniversity.地点:Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.方式:YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.原因:Sincethespeakercantcome,wellhavetocancelthemeeting.结果:Hewasveryangry,sothathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.目的:Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscanunderstandwell.条件:Provided(that)hewinsthesupportoftheminoritygroups,hewillbeabletowintheelection.让步:Richasheis,Mr.Johnsonisbynomeansahappyman.,定语从句,英语中的定语是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，abeautifulgirlalovelyboy（形容词作定语）定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如：Sheisthegirlinred.（介词短语作定语）Theladycarriedabagfullofmoney.（形容词短语作定语）Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.（定语从句作定语）放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,that，which,who,whom,whose,where,when，why,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,amachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Jointhefollowingsentencesintoone:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,themachine,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,that/who/whom,Thegirl,关系代词的基本用法,who,whom,which,that,whose,关系副词的基本用法,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,主语宾语定语宾语,指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.(),.,22,定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,.,23,区别,限制性定语从句：不用逗号与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，删去后原句句意不完整。非限制性定语从句：用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，删去后原句句意仍然完整。对比以下两句话：Hissisterwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.Hissister,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.,(1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,which,关系词的具体用法,.,25,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,(2)that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,that,注意：当关系代词前有介词时，不能用that,Thisistheschoolaboutwhichwearetalking.,（3）who和whom的用法举例：,Who,whom只能指人,做主语：用who或thatTheteacherwhogotsicklastweekhascomebacktoschool.,注意：有介词在关系代词前时，只能用whom,做宾语：可用who,whom,that或省略Theman(who/whom/that)youmetyesterdayisanactor.Thetallman(who/whom/that)youjusttalkedtoismyuncle.Thetallmantowhomyoujusttalkedismyuncle.,(4)Whose的用法,关系代词whose表示“的”，是关系代词who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在从句中，whose作定语修饰名词，被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwomen.,.,28,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouses(window),Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,Whose与which的换用:,结论：Whose指物时，“whose+名词”相当于“限定词+名词+of+which”或“of+which+限定词+名词”,.,29,When表时间Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?IrememberthetimewhenEricwonthespeechcompetition.,（5）when的用法举例：,.,30,Icanneverforgettheyearof2003whenIgotmypostgraduatedegree.,试比较：Icanneverforgettheyearof2003(that/which)Ispentinasmallvillage.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which/that。如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，则用when.,.,31,Where表地点Shanghaiisthecitywherehewasborn.Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.,（6）where的用法举例：,.,32,Thesmallhousewhereshegavebirthtohersonwasburntdownyesterday.,试比较：Thesmallhousewhichwasleftbyherfatherwasburntdownyesterday.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which/that。如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，则用where.,.,33,（7）why的用法举例：,Why表原因Idontknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.Iwontlistentothereasonwhyyoudidntdoyourhomework.,.,34,ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslate.,试比较：Thisisthereason(that/which)yougavetome.,注意：要对从句做成分分析！,结论：why的先行词一定是thereason,但thereason的关系词不一定是why。,.,35,关系代词的用法注意点,一、that和which都可以指物，that和who都能指人，但以下6种情况只能用that不能用which/who。,(1)当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,.,36,(2)当先行词为anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all,none,little或者是由any,every,some,all,no,little,few,much修饰时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.,(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thenext等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttoseebeforeIdie.,.,37,(4)当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.,(5)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,(6)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichisthehotelthatwasrecommended?,.,38,关系代词的用法注意点,二、that和which都可以指物，但以下2种情况只能用which不能用that:,(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：,English,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry,islearnedbymoreandmorepeople.,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,.,39,(2)当关系代词前面有介词时，如：Azooisaparkinwhichmaykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.ThisistheroominwhichIlivedwhenIwasyoung.,.,40,关系代词与关系副词,When,where,why可被“介词+which”替换Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?Doyourememberthedayonwhichweleftyouincharge?Shanghaiisthecitywherehewasborn.Shanghaiisthecityinwhichhewasborn.Idontknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.Idontknowthereasonforwhichthehouseissodirty.,.,41,先行词为way或time的定语从句,先行词是way（方式、方法），且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that,inwhich或省略：Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)helaughsather.先行词是time，若表示“次数”则用that引导定语从句：ItisthefirsttimethatthePresidenthasvisitedourcountry.,一、as引导限制性定语从句主要固定结构有：thesameassuchasasassoas主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。,特殊的关系代词as的用法,1.Itsthesamebookaswewantedtofindyesterday.这和我们昨天要找的那本书是一样的。2.SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。3.Doyouhavesuchbooksaswelike?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？4.Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。5.Hehassodifficultaproblem,asnoneofuscansolve.他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。,二、引导非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”“就像”“据”ashasbeensaidabove如上所说asanybodycansee正像每个人所看到的那样aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样,as引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，但由which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.我们都知道，地球围着太阳转。3.Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,as/whichweallknow.汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道,as引导定语从句不是指代主句的整句话时，如果运用的是被动语态，be动词可省略，即“as+过去分词”，但which没有这种用法。Herepeatsthatheistellingthestoryasseenbyhimselfatthetime.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,assuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.,.,46,特殊的关系代词but的用法,but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于who/which/thatnot，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren=Thereisnomotherwhodoesntloveherchildren.没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。2.ThereisnoruleinEnglishbuthasexceptions.=ThereisnoruleinEnglishthatdoesnothaveexceptions.英语中没有无例外的规则。,.,47,特殊的关系代词than的用法,than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级than从句，than在从句中作主语或宾语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单复数形式与先行词保持一致。1.Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewinethanisgoodforhishealth.(than在从句中作主语）我们经常劝他为了身体健康不要喝过量的酒。2.Hesmokedmorecigarettesthanhebought.(than在从句中作宾语）他吸的香烟比他买的要多。3.Hesmokedfewercigarettesthanwerenormallyavailable.(than在从句中作主语）他吸的香烟比他弄到的要少。,.,48,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,.,49,Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,.,50,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,.,51,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,.,52,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,根据从句在主句中语法功能的不同分为：,.,53,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分，that只在宾语从句中的某些情况下可省略，在其他从句中都不可省略）连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which连接副词：when,where,how,why以及由它们加ever构成的词如：whatever,whomever,whenever,however还有所有带how的词组如：howoften,howmany,howfar,howmuch,.,54,主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.,2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.,.,55,It作形式主语,为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语，但主语从句的连接词没有变化。Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.),.,56,1.It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessary/important/obviousthate.g.:Itiscertainthatshewillcomeheretomorrow.,2.It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisreportedthat据报道Itisknowntousallthat.众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定e.g.:ItissaidthatMr.BillhasarrivedinShanghai.,it作形式主语的常见结构,注意：以下结构中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,ordered,etc.)thate.g.:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)getupearly.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)bequietinthehospital.,.,57,3.It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是Itisnowonderthat难怪.e.g.:ItisapitythatwecantgotoBeijingwithyou.,4.It+不及物动词that从句,Itseems/appearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起e.g.:IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,.,58,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.例:误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.,2).连接词that在主语从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.例:误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.,正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,主语从句中语序与that的省略：,注意,.,59,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,4).What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,注意,is,are,is,.,60,Webelieve(that)heishonest.Wetoldhimwhywecameback.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,.,61,一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连接词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.,.,62,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第2个that不能省；Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldntgothere.（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,.,63,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,64,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.,.,65,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。1.主语从句、表语从句中e.g.:Whethershewillcomeisstillaquestion.Thequestioniswhethershewillcome.2.Whether置于句首，不能换成if:e.g.:Whetherthisistrue,Icantsay.3.介词后的宾语从句:e.g.:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,.,66,whether与if的辨用,4.在不定式前用whether:e.g.:Hehasntdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.5.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if:e.g.:IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether：e.g.：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.此句可理解为：Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.,.,67,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?,.,68,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,.,69,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,.,70,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.,.,71,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,.,72,四、否定转移think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。我们认为你不在这。Wedontthinkyouarehere.我相信他不会这样做。Idontbelievehewilldoso.,.,73,五、it作形式宾语it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishthework,.,74,表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,Theproblemisthatwedidntgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.,如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等表示命令、建议等意思名词时,后面引导的表语从句用(should)+动词原形.,.,75,注意：1.除了上述词外，连词because,asif/asthough等也可以引导表语从句：Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itseemsasthoughhedidntknowtheanswer.Thatsbecauseweneverthoughtofit.2.主语reason常用的表语从句引导词为that，而不是because:Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathehadatrafficaccident.,.,76,同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有that,whether及how,when,where等（if和which不能引导）,1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theproblemwhetherheshouldcontinueisunsolved.3.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.4.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.,名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形.,.,77,注:1.同位语从句多用that引导,2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,.,78,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,79,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudents(should)begivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,.,80,同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,.,81,2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthc