经典分析弥尔顿失乐园分析PPT课件

.,1,JohnMilton(16081674),HeremainedoutsidebothDonnesandJonsonsinfluence,.,2,ParadiseLosttakesitsplaceinwesternliteraturealongwithHomersIlliadandOdyssey,VirgilsAneid伊尼伊德,andDantesDivineComedyandinEnglishliteraturewithBeowulfandSpensersFairieQueene.,.,3,1.JohnMiltonsTimes,1642-1649:EnglishCivilWarKing/AnglicanClergyvs.Parliament(dominatedbyPuritans)ProtestantRevolution(DeathofKingCharlesI)1649-1660:NoBritishKing1649-1653:Commonwealth1653-1658:ProtectorateofOliverCromwell1660:Restoration(ofKingCharlesII),.,4,2.MiltonsReligion1).MiltonbelievedthateachindividualChristianshouldbehisownchurch,withoutanyestablishmenttoencumberhim.2).Inhislateryears,MiltoncametoviewallorganizedChristianchurches,whetherAnglican,CatholicorPresbyterian,asanobstacletotruefaith.,.,5,3.Hisrevolutionarycareer,1).Pamphleteeringinthecauseofreligiousandcivillibertyin1641-60.2).AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwellsCouncilofStatein1649.3).CensorandeditoroftheCommonwealthpaper,MercuriusPoliticuin1651.LatinDefenseofthePeopleofEngland.4).Totallyblindin1652andimprisonedforashorttimeaftertherestorationandthenretiredtoprivatelife.,.,6,4.Miltonsliterarycareer,1625-1640:shortpoems:LAllegroandIlPenseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴会欢乐之神),andLycidas(1638)1640-1660:pamphletsandtracts:Areopagitica(1644论出版自由);TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650);The2ndDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650).1660-1674:ParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),andSamsonAgonistes(1671).,.,7,1).MiltonsWorksofHisEarlyDays,PoemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton:a.OntheMorningofChristsNativity基督诞生晨颂,firstimportantworkb.LAllegro快乐的人Penseroso幽思的人c.Comus科玛斯amask假面剧,inblankversed.Lycidas利西达斯,expressingthepathos(哀颂)ofhisfriendEdwardKingsprematuredeath,twinlyricalpoemsRhyme:abbacdeec,.,8,2).Worksofhisadultyears:a.pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland论英国改革b.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce:DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce离婚的戒律与学说c.Areopagitica论出版自由aproseworkforthefreedomofthepressd.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩Apamphletagainstthedivinerightoftheking.Peoplemadetheking,sothekingshoulddoeverythingforthepeople.,.,9,e.TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople再为英国人民声辩AnanswertotheproductionsagainsttheCommonwealth.Fightforthelibertyofthenationsintheworldandrecovertheirlostliberty.3).Miltonsworksofoldagea.ParadiseLostb.ParadiseRegainedc.SamsonAgonistes,.,10,5.ParadiseLost(1667),.,11,1).OverviewofParadiseLost,_Miltonsmasterpiece._Alongepicin12books._takenfromtheOldTestament._Majorcharacters:Satan,God,Archangel,Adam,Eve_ItisaboutSatansrebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsionofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.,.,12,ThecreationTherebellionofSatanandhisfellowangelsTheirdefeatandexpulsionfromHeavenCreationoftheearthandofAdamandEveSataninhellplottingagainstGodSatanstemptationofEveDepartureofAdamandEvefromEden,2).TheStoryofParadiseLost,.,13,ParadiseLostLeadingUptotheBeginning,Atthebeginningofpoem,warinHeavenhasbeenoverfortwoweeks;Forninedays,SatanandthosewhofoughtGodalongsidehimhavebeenlyinginHell,stunnedattheoutcome;ThefirstcharactertomoveisSatan,whobeginsbyspeakingtoBeelzebub;Startstosortofrallyhistroops.,.,14,AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMiltonsfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice;thefreedomtosubmittoGodsprohibitiononeatingtheappleandthechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.Eve,seducedbySatansrhetoricandherownconfusedambitionfallsintosinthroughinnocentcredulity.AdamfallsbyconsciouslychoosinghumanloveratherthanobeyingGod.Thisistheerrorwhereinhisgreatnesslies.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.Butmansfallisthesequeltoanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefalloftheangels.Byliftinghisargumenttothatplane,Miltonraisestheproblemofevilinamoreintractableform.MiltonheldthatGodcreatedallthingsoutofHimself,includingevil.TherewasevilinHeavenbeforeSatanrebelled:Pride,Lust,Wrath,andAvaricewerethere.,3).Themes:arevoltagainstGodsauthority,.,15,AttheexaltationoftheSontheseforceseruptedandwerecastforth.ButGodsufferedthemtoescapefromHellandinfecttheEarth.Andthenthetragedywasre-enacted,butwithadifference“Manshallfindgrace”.Buthemustlayholdofitbyanactoffree-will.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMiltonscreed.HispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanall-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedand,oftheirfreewill,tochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.And,thereby,itopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChrist,whichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutevil.,.,16,OnlySixmajorcharactersSatan,theleaderofthefallenangels(nowknownasdevils)Beelzebub,Satansclosestfriend/allyGod,theFatherTheSon,alsoknownastheMessiah,ChristAdam,thefirstman,livinginParadiseEve,hiswife,supposedtobeunderhiscontrol,4).Thecharacters,.,17,Satan：arebelagainsttyrannyandSatanandhisfollowersresemblea_.MajorQuote:BettertoreigninHellthenserveinHeavn!,republicanParliament,.,18,Satan:ChineseView1.Arebelagainsttyranny2.Miltonsmouthpiece,utteringhishatredoftyranny.3.Revoltagainstthedictatorandestablisheddoctrines.,.,19,WesternViewSatansqualitiesareperverted:evilandexaggerated.SatansdefianceofGodmanifests:hisegoisticpride,falseconceptionoffreedom,alienationfromallgood;Religiouslyandmorallycorruptandblind.ConsciousnessofhisownevilanddamnationSatanandhisfellowsareenvelopedindramaticironybecausetheyfightandschemeinignoranceoftheunshakablepowerofGodandgoodness.,.,20,BeelzebubSatansBestFriendHeistalkingtoSatanaboutareturntoHeavenformorefightingDisappearsafterBookI,sincetherestofthestoryconcernsSatan,God,andtheFirstPeople,.,21,GodTheFather：selfishdespot,cruel,unjustCalledtheFatherbecauseofHolyTrinity:TheFather,theSon,theHolySpiritRulerofHeavenandCreatorofEarthItwasHewhocastSatanoutFirstappearanceisinBookIII:“NowhadtheAlmightyFather,fromabove,FromthepureEmpyreanwherehesitsHighthronedaboveallheighth,bentdownhiseye”Lines56-58,.,22,TheSonAlsoreferredtoasTheMessiahWhenGodtheFatherfirstspeaks,itisTheSonthatHeisaddressingTheFatherandSonseeAdameattheappleTheSonmovesdown,inBookX,tointerview,passjudgementon,andclotheAdamandEve,.,23,AdamThefirstmanHeliveswithEveintheGardenofEden(Paradise,Earth)HeeatsfromtheTreeofKnowledgeonlyafterEvedoesReferredtoas“thepatriarchofman”,Line379,BookIX,.,24,EveThefirstwomanSatanuseshercuriosityagainstherSheistrickedinto,andgivenabadnamefor,eatingfromtheTreeofKnowledgefirstGenesis3:18referstoheras“themotherofallliving”,.,25,AdambutitispresentedwithSatan,thusidyllicinnocenceandhappinessareseenonlyundertheshadowofevil.farfromattaininggodlikeknowledge,theysuccumbtoanimallust.Thoughthereispromisedredemptionforthefaithful,andthoughthepoemisadivinecomedywithahappyending,Miltonspanoramaofhumanhistorygiveslittlegroundforhopeonearth.,5).Understandingoftheselection,.,26,Lines50-58,NinetimesthespacethatmeasuresdayandnightTomortalmen,hewithhishorridcrewLayvanquishd,rollinginthefierygulf,Confoundedthoughimmortal.ButhisdoomReservdhimtomorewrath;fornowthethoughtBothoflosthappinessandlastingpainTormentshim;roundhethrowshisbalefuleyes,ThatwitnessdhugeafflictionanddismayMixdwithobdurateprideandsteadfasthate.,Thiscarefullyavoidsthesimplerexpressionof“ninedaysandnights”becausethemutinyinheavenoccurredbeforetheCreation,Utterlydefeatedandruined.,Judgment;punishment,Destined;keptfor,Satanshappylifeinheavennowlostforever,ThepaininhellwhichSatanmustsuffernowforever,Evilandsuffering.NotethedepthofDescriptionhere,andthisfromablindman,.,27,依照人间的计算，大约九天九夜，他和他那一伙可怕的徒众，沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中。虽属不死之身，却象死者一样横陈；但这个惩罚反激起他更大的忿怒，既失去了幸福，又受无穷痛苦的煎熬。他抬起忧郁的双眼，环顾周遭，摆在眼前的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，顽固的傲气和难消的憎恨交织着。,.,28,Lines59-64,Atonce,asfarasAngelsken,heviewsThedismalsituationwasteandwild:AdungeonhorribleonallsidesroundAsonegreatfurnaceflamd;yetfromthoseflamesNolight,butratherdarknessvisibleServdonlytodiscoversightsofwoe,Inonecomprehensiveview,rangeofvision,reveal,.,29,霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，望断际涯，但见悲风弥漫，浩渺无垠，四面八方围着他的是个可怕的地牢，象一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰却不发光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，可以辨认出那儿的苦难景况，,.,30,杜勒AlbrechtDurerand忧郁(MelencoliaI1514年,.,31,读拉奥孔,文字艺术不但能制造颜色的矛盾，还能调和黑暗和光明的真矛盾，创辟新奇的景象。例如金楼子第二篇箴戒“两日并出，黑光遍天”，冯明期滹沱秋兴“倒卷黑云遮古林，平沙落日光如漆”莱辛称赞弥尔顿乐园的丧失里有“诗歌的画”，在拉奥孔草稿中列举该诗章句为例，都是描述继续进展的动作的，“物质的画”画不出来。不过，弥尔顿有些形容状态的词句，也同样无法画入“物质的画”，拉辛似乎忽视了。,.,32,例如地狱里的阴火“没有亮光，只是可以照见事物的黑暗”，又魔鬼向天堂开炮，射出一道“黑火”(blackfire)。本身黑暗的光明或本身光明的黑暗，造型艺术很难表达。中国诗里的“黑日”也曾出现在雨果的诗里：“一个可怕的黑太阳耀射出昏夜”一位大画家确曾企图把黑太阳画出来；尽管度勒的名作忧郁里那枚黑太阳也博得雨果的叹赏，我们终觉得不如他自己的诗句惊心动魄。竟可以大胆说，我们要不是事先心中有数，还看不出度勒所画的是黑太阳呢。,.,33,Antithesis:,Arhetoricaldeviceinwhichirreconcilableoppositesorstronglycontrastingideasareplacedinsharpjuxtapositionandsustainedtension,asinthephrase“theypromisedfreedomandprovidedslavery.”AbrahamLincolns“GettysburgAddress”:Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.,.,34,Paradox:,Anapparentlyself-contradictorystatement,theunderlyingmeaningofwhichisrevealedonlybycarefulscrutiny.Thepurposeofaparadoxistoarrestattentionandprovokefreshthought.Thestatement“lessismore”isanexample.InGeorgeOrwellsanti-UtopiansatireAnimalFarm(1945),thefirstcommandmentoftheanimalscommuneisrevisedintoawittyparadox:“Allanimalsareequal,butsomeanimalsaremoreequalthanothers.”,.,35,Oxymoron,Whenaparadoxiscompressedintowords,asin“loudsilence”,“lonelycrowd”,or“livingdeath”,itiscalledanOxymoron.,.,36,Lines65-74,Regionsofsorrow,dolefulshades,wherepeaceAndrestcanneverdwell,hopenevercomesThatcomestoall,buttorturewithoutendStillurges,andafierydeluge,fedWithever-burningsulphurunconsumd.SuchplaceEternalJusticehadprepardForthoserebellious;heretheirprisonordaindInutterdarkness,andtheirportionset,AsfarremovdfromGodandlightofHeavnAsfromthecentrethricetothutmostpole.,HopethatcomestoallnevercomestothefallenAngels.,pressesonforever,Andafierydeluge,fed,stillurges.,Here“eternaljusticehad”ordainedtheirprisonInutterdarkness,andsettheirportion(i.e.lot),TheCenter:theearth.InParadiseLostthestarryuniverseisunderstoodasagreathollowsphereenclosedinanopaqueshell.Aflightofstairsleadtoheavenfromthetopofthespherewhereanopeningismade,throughwhichpassagebetweenearth,heavenandhellcanbeeffected.,Theutmostpole:referingtotheendoftheaxisrunningthroughthestarryuniverse,nottheEarthspole.,JacobsLadder,Thedistancedownwardfromearthtohellistwiceaslongasthatfromearthtoheaven.Inall,thedistancebetweenempyrealheavenandhellisthreetimesthatfromtheearthtothepoleofthestarryuniverse.,.,37,悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。和平和安息绝不在那儿停留，希望无所不到，惟独不到那里。只有无穷无尽的苦难紧紧跟着永燃的硫磺不断地添注，不灭的火焰，洪水般向他们滚滚逼来。这个地方，就是正义之神为那些叛逆者准备的，在天外的冥荒中为他们设置的牢狱，那个地方离开天神和天界的亮光，相当于天极到中心的三倍那么远。,.,38,Lines75-83,Ohhowunliketheplacefromwhencetheyfell!Therethecompanionsofhisfall,oerwhelmdWithfloodsandwhirlwindsoftempestuousfire,Hesoondiscerns;andweltringbyhissideOnenexthimselfinpowerandnextincrime,LongafterknowninPalestineandnamdBelzebub.TowhomthArch-Enemy,AndthenceinHeavncalldSatan,withboldwordsBreakingthehorridsilence,thusbegan:,Therehesoondiscernsthecompanionsofhisfallandonenexttohimselfinpowerandcrime,welteringbyhisside,knowninPalestinelongafterandnamedBeelzebub,Chiefenemy,i.e.Satan.,InHebrew,adversary”.,.,39,啊，这里和他所从坠落的地方比起来是何等的不同呀！和他一起坠落的伙伴们淹没在猛火的洪流和旋风之中，他辨认得出，在他近旁挣扎的，论权力和罪行都仅次于他的神魔，后来在巴勒斯坦知道他的名字叫别西卜。这个在天上叫做撒旦的首要神敌，用豪言壮语打破可怕的沉寂，开始向他的伙伴这样说道：,.,40,Lines84-92,Ifthoubeesthe-butohhowfalln!howchangdFromhimwho,inthehappyrealmsoflight,ClothdwithtranscendentbrightnessdidstoutshineMyriadsthoughbright!-ifhewhommutualleague,Unitedthoughtsandcounsels,equalhopeAndhazardinthegloriousenterprise,Joindwithmeonce,nowmiseryhathjoindInequalruin,intowhatpitthouseestFromwhathighthfalln.,Satansrebellion,Thesubjectsof“joined”are“mutualleague,unitedthoughtsandcounsels,equalhopeandhazard.,Nowmiseryhathjoined(theewithme)inequalruin.i.e.weareeqaullyfallenandruined,.,41,“是你啊；这是何等的坠落！何等的变化呀！你原来住在光明的乐土，全身披覆着无比的光辉，胜过群星的灿烂；你曾和我结成同盟，同心同气，同一希望，在光荣的大事业中和我在一起。现在，我们是从何等高的高天上，沉沦到了何等深的深渊呀！,.,42,Lines92-99,SomuchthestrongerprovdHewithhisthunder-andtillthenwhoknewTheforceofthosedirearms?Yetnotforthose,NorwhatthepotentvictorinhisrageCanelseinflict,doIrepentorchange,Thoughchangdinoutwardlustre,thatfixdmind,Andhighdisdainfromsenseofinjurdmerit,99Thatwiththemightiestraisdmetocontend,.,43,他握有雷霆，确是强大，谁知道这凶恶的武器竟有那么大的威力呢？可是，那威力，那强与力的胜利者的狂暴，都不能叫我懊丧，或者叫我改变初衷，虽然外表的光彩改变了，但坚定的心志和安然的骄矜决不转变；由于真价值的受损，激动了我，决心和强权决一胜负，,.,44,Lines100-105,AndtothefiercecontentionbroughtalongInnumerableforceofSpiritsarmd,Thatdurstdislikehisreignand,mepreferring,HisutmostpowerwithadversepoweropposdIndubiousbattleontheplainsofHeavn,Andshookhisthrone.,.,45,率领无数天军投入剧烈的战斗，他们都厌恶天神的统治而来拥护我，拿出全部力量跟至高的权力对抗，在天界疆场上做因此冒险的战斗，动摇了他的宝座。,.,46,LastLinesofParadiseLostTheylookingback,allthEasternsidebeheldOfParadise,solatetheirhappieseat,WavdoverbythatflamingBrand,theGateWithdreadfulFacesthrongdandfierieArmes;Somenaturaltearstheydropd,butwipdthemsoon;Theworldwasallbeforethem,wheretochooseThirplaceofrest,andProvidencethirguide:Theyhandinhandwithwandringstepsandslow,ThroughEdentookthirsolitarieway.,.,47,InvolvedstylewithfrequentinversionsandverycomplicatedsentencestructureFirstlines:HurledheadlongflamingfromthEtherealSkieWithhideousruinandcombustiondownTobottomlessperdition,theretodwellInAdamantineChainsandpenalFire,WhodurstdefiethOmnipotenttoArms.Heretheinvertedstructurevividlydepictshisbeinghurledtothehellheadoverheels.,6).LiteraryStyle,.,48,LongandinvolvedsentenceThecontinuousflowbuildsupacontinuousonwardpressure.Nevermonotonous,andthepatternofsoundissoweddedtothepatternofsensethateachisessentialtotheother.,.,49,LatinatesyntaxanddictionMiltonsmeansofachievingtheelevationrequiredbyaloftythemeisintermixedwithpuresimplicity.enlargeandenrichhisrangeofemphasisandhisuseofeconomy,contrast,suspension;toexpresshissublimityofthought,hewroteinastylethatisunsurpassedinitssonority,eloquence,majestyandgrandeur.ThisstyleiscalledtheMiltonicstyle.,.,50,Grewsteadilyafter1667andwaswellestablishedbeforeJosephAddisonspapersonParadiseLostappearedinTheSpectator(1712);Hisinfluenceon18th-centuryversewasimmense.SamuelJohnson:Itsperusalisadutyratherthanapleasure.WereadMiltonforinstruction,retireharassedandoverburdened,andlookelsewhereforrecreation;wedesertoutmaster,andseekforcompanions.,6.MiltonsReputation,.,51,19thcenturytwokindsofcriticalopinion:TherevolutionaryRomanticpoetslaunchedtheSatanistmisinterpretationofParadiseLostandmadeitsauthorarebel;OthercriticsconsideredMiltonsbeliefsandideaslong-deadfundamentalismandattendedtothepoemspurelyliteraryqualities.,.,52,ThepoetsinfluencewanedduringtheVictorianage,andinthe20thcenturythenewpoetryandcriticismlaunchedbyEzraPoundandT.S.Eliotwerestronglyanti-Miltonandpro-JohnDonne.T.S.Eliot:弥尔顿“使英国语言受到了败坏”“弥尔顿任何一阶段的诗都没有突出地表现过视觉想象力。弥尔顿从来就没有看到过任何东西读失乐园时，我发觉我感到最愉快的地方恰好是那些最不需要用眼睛看的地方。”,.,53,Butduringthe1940sand50sashiftincriticalattitudestookplace,anddozensofbooksandhundredsofarticlesweregiventotheideasandbeliefsBythesecondhalfofthe20thcenturyhisworkshadregainedtheirplaceinthecanonofWesternliterature.,.,54,Macauley弥尔顿的诗篇最显著的特征在于让读者产生的联想之极度邈远。它所制造的效果，不在于表达了什么，而在其暗示性；不在其直接表达的意思，而在与其相关联的其他含义。他通过导体，间接击中人的心灵。最没有想象力的人，也必然会理解伊利亚特。荷马让他没得选择，而且不要求他费任何力气，全由作者一手操办，意象场景描画得明明白白，想看不清楚都不成。相反，弥尔顿的读者，如果不用心主动与作者配合，将无法理解或欣赏他的诗作。他不会画出一幅完满的图画，也不会为消极被动的听众演奏。他仅是简笔白描，空白处都留待读者去填充。,.,55,我们经常听人说起诗歌的神奇影响力，这话一般而言浮泛而无意义，但用到弥尔顿身上却再贴切不过。他的诗歌效力有如经咒，优点不在表层的意思，而在一种神秘的魔力。也许第一眼看上去，那些文词平平常常，与其他任何词句并无不同。但它们都是有魔力的咒语，一旦从口唇呼出，过去便回到现在，远方则来至目前。从没有过的美在瞬息间诞生，记忆的坟场中的所有逝者都将还魂重生。改动一下句子的结构，或替换一个同义词，马上，所有神奇的效果烟消云散。咒语不灵了；无论是谁，想要一试魔法，都会发现自己与阿拉伯故事里的卡辛一样失败，站在那里徒劳地喊叫：小麦开门，大麦开门。正确的魔咒只有一个：芝麻开门。,.,56,杨周翰,弥尔顿的天才表现在善于描写宏伟寥廓，不善于描写细节，这和他目力不佳有关。弥尔顿的描写不具体，形象不鲜明正是弥尔顿的长处，也是他意趣所在,.,57,7.Miltonshandfulofsonnets,1)18Englishand5Italiansonnets2)Theyarecompact（文体简洁，紧凑）andwellorganized.3)Thelanguageissimpleandunadorned（不加修饰的）,butpowerful.,.,58,1.Satanisthemostwell-developedcharacterinParadiseLost.Isheasympatheticcharacter?Examineoneofhissoliloquiesandidentifythecharactertraitsandpoetictechniquesthatmakehimseemappealingorforgivable.2.TracetheappearanceofautobiographicaldetailsinParadiseLost.Howarethesedetailsimportanttothestory?Whatistheidentityandroleofthenarrator?3.TraditionalChristianbeliefholdsthattheSonandtheFatheraretwopartsofthesameGod,butMiltonpresentstheSonasafundamentallyseparateentityfromGodtheFather.HowdoesthisdistinctionaffecttheplotofParadiseLost?,8.StudyQuestions,.,59,1.Miltonplacesgreatemphasisonmansautonomousreasonandfreewill.DoAdamandEveshowevidenceofbeingruledbyreasonbeforethefall?2.ExaminethepassagesinwhichMiltondiscussesthenatureofwomenascomparedtomen.DoyouthinkitiscorrecttolabelMiltonamisogynist?3.ParadiseLostincludesmanycharacterswhocanbeeasilycomparedandcontrastedwitheachother.Forinstance,GodandSatanstandascompleteopposites;Satan,Sin,andDeathformanevilversionoftheHolyTrinity;AdamandEveseemtobefarfromequallymadeanddisposedforlifeinParadise;evenGodtheFatherandGodtheSonhavedifferences.Pickoneofthesepairsanddescribetheirdifferencesaswellastheirsimilarities.4.BasedonthetextofParadiseLost,howdoyouthinkMiltonwouldjustifyhisalterationsofandadditionstotheBible,giventhefactthathewasadevoutChristian?,8.SuggestedEssayTopics,.,60,失乐园第一章,大约九天九夜，那是根据人间的计算，他和他那一伙可怕的徒众，虽属不死之身，却与死者无异，沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中；这个刑罚却反激起他更深的愤怒，既失去了幸福，又饱受无尽痛苦的折磨。当他抬起忧虑的双眼，环顾四周，伴随他的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，交织着顽固的傲气和难消的仇恨。霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，,.,61,失乐园第一章,望断天涯，但见悲风弥漫，缥纱无垠，可怕的地牢从四面八方围着他像一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰只是朦朦胧胧的一片，并不发光，但能辨认出那儿的苦难情景，悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。和平和安息从不在此驻扎，希望无所不到，这里却是个例外。只有无穷无尽的苦难步步相跟永燃的硫磺不断地添注，不灭的火焰有如洪水向他们滚滚逼来。,.,62,失乐园第一章,正义之神为那些叛逆者准备的，正是这个地方。这个在天外的冥荒中为他们设置的牢狱。那个地方远离天神和天界的亮光，相当于天极到中心的三倍那么远。啊，这里和他所从坠落的地方简直有天壤之别呀！和他一起坠落的伙伴们淹没在烈火的洪流和旋风之中，他依稀可辨，在他近旁挣扎的，论权力和罪行都仅次于他的神魔，,.,63,失乐园第一章,后来在巴勒斯坦得知他名叫别西卜。这个在天上叫做撒旦的首要神敌，以豪壮的言语打破可怕的沉寂，这样向他的伙伴说道：“是你啊；这是何等的坠落！何等的变化呀！你原来住在光明的乐土，浑身披盖着无比的光辉，胜过群星的璀璨你曾和我结盟，同仇敌忾，搏击于光荣的大事业之中。现在，我们是从高高在上的天界上，,.,64,失乐园第一章,沉沦到了不可测的深渊呀！他握有雷霆，确实强大，谁知道这凶恶的武器竟威力无比呢？可是，那强有力的威力，那胜利者的狂暴，都不能叫我沮丧，或者叫我改变初衷，虽然外表的光环消失了，但不移的信念和岸然的骄矜决不转变；,.,65,失乐园第一章,武力的受损，激动了我，决心率领无数天军投入剧烈的战斗，和强权一决高低，他们都厌恶天神的统治而来拥护我，拼尽全力同至高的权力抗衡在天界疆场上做一次冒险的战斗，震撼了他的宝座。,.,66,撒旦的誓言（第一章105124行）,我们损失了什么？并不是一无所剩：坚定的意志、热切的复仇心、不灭的憎恨，以及永不屈服、永不退让的勇气，难道还有比这些更难战胜的吗？我这份光荣绝不能被夺走，不管是他的暴怒，还是威力。经过这一次惨烈的战争，好容易才使他的政权动摇；若是这时还要卑躬屈膝，向他乞求哀怜，拜倒在他的权力之下，那才真正是卑鄙、可耻，比这次的沉沦还要卑贱。,.,67,撒旦的誓言（第一章105124行）,因为我们具有与生俱来的神力，赋有轻清的灵质，不能朽坏，还因这次事件的教训，我们要准备更优良的武器，更高明的远见，更有成功的希望，以暴力或