长难句分析ppt课件.ppt

平行并列句,1,平行并列句：指一个句子中会有两个成分并列。英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or、but等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或句子连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂的多层次含义。技巧：通过关联词（and，but等)从后向前找出并列的核心单词。将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。,2,Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwaswithher,andthatIthoughtEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher,3,Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为shouldknow，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。拆分：1)Everyoneshouldknow2)Wherethenearestfirealarmboxislocated3)Whereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。,4,Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwaswithher,andthatIthoughtEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和wasgoing为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。拆分：IwantedhertoknowThatmyheartwaswithherThatIthought(That)Englandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher.翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。,5,Thewayspaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncitiesisculturallyinfluenced.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.,6,Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesarelesslikelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoftenlacktheresourcesneededtopayforparticipationfees,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgamesandtheircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildandmaintainsportsfieldsandfacilities.（08年12月四级),7,Thewayspaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncitiesisculturallyinfluenced.结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语为isculturallyinfluenced,定语从句谓语为isusedto.主语theway有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“isused”的目的状语即toachieveprivacy，tobuildhomes，和todesigncities.拆分：Thewayisculturallyinfluenced.spaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacytobuildhomestodesigncities翻译：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。,8,Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.结构：本句话关键是通过and抓住并列的成分，句子的主干是Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishandtoseparate，其中，理解的难点在separate后面的部分。Separate的宾语forces后面被“actingonanorganism”这个现在分词短语限定，into后面两个those告诉我们forces被分成哪些部分了。拆分：Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforces(actingonanorganism)intothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.翻译：区分有机体和周围环境似乎很简单;把作用于有机体的力量分为内部生物的力量和外部环境的力量似乎也很简单。,9,Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesarelesslikelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoftenlacktheresourcesneededtopayforparticipationfees,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgamesandtheircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildandmaintainsportsfieldsandfacilities.（08年12月四级)结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，arelesslikelytodo为主句谓语,lack和donothave为并列原因状语从句的谓语,主语分为they和theircommunities.拆分：1.Children（inlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunities）arelesslikely（totakeorganizedyouthsportsforgranted）takeforgranted把认为是理所应当2.becausetheyoftenlacktheresources(needed)(topayforparticipationfees,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames)3.and（because）theircommunitiesdonothaveresources(tobuildandmaintainsportsfieldsandfacilities).翻译：来自低收入家庭和贫穷社区的孩子就很少将社区运动视作理所应当，因为他们经常缺少必须的金钱来支付门票、设备和来回车费，而且他们的社区也没有能力来建设和维持运动场和运动设备。,10,插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开，比较容易识别。技巧：处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读，直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容，使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。,插入结构,11,Work,formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder,involvesresponsibilityforahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.结构：句子的主语和谓语之间有一插入语，放在这里起强调作用，即强调只是对于中国和美国妇女来说，而不是其他国家的妇女。而且对年龄作了限定。翻译：对于55岁或以下的大多数美国和中国妇女来说，要做的工作包括料理家务和照料一个或多个孩子，以及一份在家庭以外的工作。,12,GivenATMssmallnumberinthecountry,Chinasbanks,majorinvestorsinATMtechnologies,willcontinuepurchasingATMs.Butagreatbook,richinideasandbeauty,abookthatrisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.,13,GivenATMssmallnumberinthecountry,Chinasbanks,majorinvestorsinATMtechnologies,willcontinuepurchasingATMs.结构：本句中只有一个谓语动词willcontinue，majorinvestorsinATMtechnologies为插入语，解释说明chinasbanks。Given是过去分词做非谓语动词，含义为考虑到，由于。翻译：由于全国自动提款机数量很少，所以自动提款机设备的主要投资者中国的银行将会继续购买自动提款机。given:考虑到、由于;Giventheirinexperience,theyvedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得已经不错了。,14,Butagreatbook,richinideasandbeauty,abookthatrisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(richinideasandbeauty)和(abookthat)是插入语。前者做agreatbook的后置定语，而后者是agreatbook的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。拆分：1)Agreatbookdemandsthemostactivereading.2)Youarecapableofthereading3)Abookrisesandtriestoanswerquestions.翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。,15,Sometimesattemptsatemergencytreatmentturnouttobemoredangerousthanthebiteitself,withamateursheroically,butmistakenly,tryingdo-it-yourselfsurgeryandotherunnecessarymeasures.Sillyorwise,terribleordelightful,thelifeindreamisafurtherhelpingofexperience,anadditionaljoyafterdark,anothersliceoflifecutdifferentlyforwhich,itseemstome,weareneversufficientlygrateful.,16,Sometimesattemptsatemergencytreatmentturnouttobemoredangerousthanthebiteitself,withamateursheroically,butmistakenly,tryingdo-it-yourselfsurgeryandotherunnecessarymeasures.结构：本句中只有一个谓语动词turnout，with后带从句解释说明attemptsatemergencytreatment，trying属于非谓语动词，主语为amateurs,heroicallybutmistakenly为插入结构。拆分：Sometimesattempts（atemergencytreatment）turnouttobemoredangerousthanthebiteitself,withamateurs(heroically,butmistakenly,）tryingdo-it-yourselfsurgeryandotherunnecessarymeasures.翻译：有时，紧急的治疗比咬伤本身更危险，如外行试图英勇却错误地进行自助手术及采取其他不必要的措施。,17,Sillyorwise,terribleordelightful,thelifeindreamisafurtherhelpingofexperience,anadditionaljoyafterdark,anothersliceoflifecutdifferentlyforwhich,itseemstome,weareneversufficientlygrateful.结构：Sillyorwise,terribleordelightful为平行结构，在句中作让步状语。另外，句子的表语也是平行结构，即afurtherhelpingofexperience,anadditionaljoyafterdark,anothersliceoflife。“itseemstome”为插入语，插入到forwhich引导的定语从句中。翻译：不管愚蠢还是聪明，可怕还是愉悦，梦中的生活都是更深一层的另一份体验，是天黑以后才有的另一种欢乐，是生活的另一不同的侧面，对此我似乎觉得怎么感激也不为过。,18,主谓分离,主谓分离：主语和谓语分得很开，中间有一些限定主语的内容。技巧：开头的名词一般是句子的主语，当确定句子的主语后，就往后找独立存在的谓语动词。,19,Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.主干：Theemployeeisanobviousassettothefirm.主语：theemployee员工短语限定：（atthehomeoffice）(在国内办公的)从句限定：whocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachine能够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流翻译：这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流的员工，对于公司而言，无疑是一笔财富。,20,Theincreaseinsalesofprofessionalhair-careproductsindicatesthatconsumersarepayingasmuchattentiontotheirhairastotheirskin.结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，indicates为主句谓语，insalesofprofessionalhair-careproducts为限制短语，修饰主语theincrease.宾语从句的主语为consumers,谓语为arepayingTheincrease(insalesofprofessionalhair-careproducts)indicatesthatconsumersarepayingasmuchattentiontotheirhairastotheirskin.翻译：专业护发产品销量的增加表明消费者既重视护肤，也重视护发。,21,ThegameindustryaspartoftheentertainmentbusinessiscatchingupfastwithmoviesandTVsintermsofbothpopularityandyearlyprofit结构:本句中只有一个谓语动词iscatchingupwith,aspartoftheentertainmentbusiness作为限制短语，分离主语和谓语。intermsof在方面；yearlyprofit年利润。Thegameindustry（aspartoftheentertainmentbusiness）iscatchingupfastwithmoviesandTVs（intermsofbothpopularityandyearlyprofit。）翻译：作为娱乐业的组成部分，游戏产业在其普及性和年利润方面都迅速逼近电影和电视。,22,nearlyathirdofthosewhowitnessedcompanysinappropriatebehaviordidnotreportit,forfearofbeingviewedastroublemakers,orforfearofpressurefromco-workers.结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语didnotreport，定语从句谓语witness。Forfearof为并列的两个原因状语从句。拆分：nearlyathirdofthose（whowitnessedcompanysinappropriatebehavior）didnotreportitforfearofbeingviewedastroublemakers,orforfearofpressurefromco-workers.翻译：在那些发现公司有不正当行为的人中，接近三分之一没有去揭发，因为担心被视作制造麻烦者或者担心来自同事的压力。,23,Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为mustface。主干为：Britainmustfacetheproblem。almostmorethananyothercountryintheworld作为Britain的后置定语。(thatistosay)是插入语，意为“也就是说”。两个of介词短语都在修饰theproblem。Britain（almostmorethananyothercountryintheworld）mustseriouslyfacetheproblem（ofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.）翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。,24,环环相扣句,环环相扣：限定成分中又有限定成分，一环扣着一环，使句子变得比较长技巧：一定要有分层的思想，即把长句分割为几个简单的部分分别理解。,25,Itisgenerallyacceptedthatoldpeopleshouldhaveashareintherewardsformaterialandculturaladvancementstowhichtheyhavemadecontributions.Butasurprisingfactoflifeisthatincountrieswherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlifesnecessities,increasingaffluencematterssurprisinglylittle.Manyeconomistsbelievethatadvertisinghelpsincreasecompetition,whichleadstolowerprices,thusbenefitingconsumersandtheeconomyasawhole.,26,Itisgenerallyacceptedthatoldpeopleshouldhaveashareintherewardsformaterialandculturaladvancementstowhichtheyhavemadecontributions.结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主干为主语从句Itisgeneralllyacceptedthat，shouldhave为oldpeople的谓语，havemadecontributions为定语从句的谓语。拆分：Itisgenerallyacceptedthatoldpeopleshouldhaveashareintherewards（formaterialandculturaladvancements）theyhavemadecontributionstomaterialandculturaladvancements翻译：人们普遍认为，老年人对物质和文化的进步作出过贡献，应该分享其成果。,27,Manyeconomistsbelievethatadvertisinghelpsincreasecompetition,whichleadstolowerprices,thusbenefitingconsumersandtheeconomyasawhole.结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主干为Manyeconomistsbelievethat,helps作为宾语从句的谓语，leadsto做非限制定语从句的谓语。benefiting是非谓语动词，做结果状语。拆分：ManyeconomistsbelievethatadvertisinghelpsincreasecompetitionCompetitionleadstolowerprices，Lowerpricesthusbenefitconsumersandtheeconomy(asawhole).翻译：许多经济学家认为，广告有助于竞争，而竞争的加剧会降低商品价格，从而使消费者和经济在整体上受益。,28,Butasurprisingfactoflifeisthatincountrieswherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlifesnecessities,increasingaffluencematterssurprisinglylittle.结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，主句谓语is，canafford是定语从句谓语，matter为表语从句谓语。拆分:Butasurprisingfactoflifeisthatincountries（wherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlifesnecessities）increasingaffluencematterssurprisinglylittle.翻译：人们惊讶地发现，在那些几乎所有人都衣食无忧的国家里，财富的增加所产生的效果微乎其微,29,Inthestudyofanyperiodofliteratureorofanyepochofhistory,thefinalandhighesteffortisalwaysanattempttogainacloseviewofthemaninthatperiodorepoch,forbehindthecreationsofliteratureandtheeventso