常用化学中英文名词对照表

常见元素Al铝aluminumAg银silverAr氩argonAu金goldB硼boronBa钡bariumBe铍berylliumBr溴bromineC碳carbonCa钙calciumCl氯chlorineCo钴cobaltCr铬chromiumCu铜copperF氟fluorineFe铁ironGa镓galliumGe锗germaniumH氢hudrogenHe氦heliumHg汞mercuryI碘iodineK钾potassiumKr氪kryptonLi锂lithiumMg镁magnesiumMn锰manganeseN氮nitrogenNa钠sodiumO氧oxygenP磷phosphorusPt铂platinumRa镭radiumRn氡radonS硫sulfurSc钪scandiumSe硒seleniumSi硅siliconSn锡tinSr锶strontiumTi钛titaniumU铀uraniumV钒vanadiumW钨tungstenXe氙xennonZn锌zinc基本概念、基本理论还原剂reducing agent氧化剂oxidizing agent电解质electrolyte离子反应ionic reaction强电解质strong electrolyte弱电解质weak electrolyte离子方程式ionic equation放热反应exothermic reaction焰色反应flame test物质的量amount of substance摩尔mole相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass摩尔质量molar mass气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B可逆反应reversible reaction核电荷数nuclear charge number电子云electron cloud原子序数atomic number两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide元素周期律periodic law of elements元素周期表periodic table of elements周期period族group（主族：main group）核素nuclide同位素isotope离子键ionic bond共价键covalent bond化学键chemical bond非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond同素异形体allotrope化学反应速率chemical reaction rate化学平衡chemical equilibrium勒夏特列原理Le Chateliers principle电离平衡ionization equilibrium盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration指示剂Indicator超导材料superconductive material原电池primary battery化学电源chemical power source干电池dry cell锂电池lithium cell铅蓄电池lead storage battery燃料电池fuel cell电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion元素化合物硫酸钠sodium sulphide碱金属alkali metal碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate二氧化锰manganese dioxide氯化钾potassium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯水chlorine water硝酸银silver nitrate次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite氢氟酸hydrogen chloride淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper碘化钾potassium iodide四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide氯化铝aluminium chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide氧化铝aluminium oxide臭氧ozone过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide氯化钡barium chloride品红magenta或fuchsine硝酸钡barium nitrate二氧化硅silicon dioxide碘化钠sodium iodide溴水bromine water氯化镁magnesium chloride氮族元素nitrogen group element二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide氨ammonia铵盐ammonium salt氯化铵ammonium chloride碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碱石灰soda lime硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate醋酸钠sodium acetate氯化铁iron (III) chloride氧化铁iron (III) oxide有机化学 烃hydrocarbon有机化合物organic compound甲烷methane结构式structural formula取代反应substitution reaction饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon同系物homo1og烷烃alkane同分异构体isomer烃基hydrocarbonyl不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon乙烯ethene加成反应addition reaction溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴水bromine water高分子化合物polymer加聚反应addition polymerization聚合反应po1ymerization烯烃alkene乙炔ethyne炔烃alkyne苯benzene芳香烃arene磺化反应sulfonation reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction石油Petroleum分馏fractional distillation裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis煤coal干馏dry distillation烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon官能团functional group乙醇ethanol醇alcohol消去反应elimination reaction酚phenol甘油glycerol乙醛ethana1银镜反应silver mirror reaction醛aldehyde乙酸ethanoic acid水解反应hydrolysis reaction乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate酯ester酯化反应esterification羧酸carboxylic acid葡萄糖glucose糖类carbohydrate蔗糖sucrose麦芽糖maltose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose油脂oils and fats硬脂酸stearic acid肥皂soap皂化反应saponification洗涤剂detergent蛋白质protein氨基酸amino acid盐析salting-out变性denaturation酶enzyme合成材料synthetic material塑料plastic塑料的老化