亚马逊热带雨林-生物多样性及其重要性.ppt

AmazonRainforest亚马逊雨林,生物多样性及对于地球的重要性biodiversityandglobalimportance,TheAmazonRiver,LifeforceoftheAmazonrainforestBeginsasatrickleintheAndesmountainsandflowsmorethan6400kmandenterstheAtlanticOceanatBelem,Brazilwhereitis480kmwide.Itisstill11.2kmwide1600kminland.ItisdeepenoughforOceanLinerstotravelover4000kminland.,TheAmazonRiver,TheAmazonRiver,TheAmazonRiver,TherearethousandsofkilometersofnavigablewatersthroughouttheAmazonanditstributaries.CarriesmassivequantitiesofsiltwhichtravelsasrunofffromtheforestfloorSiltisdepositedatthemouthoftheAmazoncreatingthelargestriverislandintheworldMarajoIsland(samesizeasSwitzerland),TheAmazonRiver,TheAmazonRiver,TheAmazonRiver,Morethan2,000speciesoffishexistintheAmazonRiver,whichismorethanwhatexistsintheAtlanticOcean.,TheAmazonRiver,The“LungsofourPlanet”,AmazonRainforestEncompassesareasinBrazil,Venezuela,Colombia,EcuadorandPeru,Suriname,Guyana,Bolivia,andFrenchGuinea.,The“LungsofourPlanet”,The“LungsofourPlanet”,IftheAmazonwasacountryitwouldbethe9thlargestcountryontheplanet(1.2billionacresor48millionfootballfields).Itrepresents54%ofallrainforestsontheearth.20%ofalloxygenisprovidedhere.,The“LungsofourPlanet”,The“LungsofourPlanet”,Letsimagineafootballfield.,BiodiversityintheAmazon,1footballfield(1acre)cancontain900tons(1,800,000lbs)oflivingplants,includingmorethan750speciesoftreesand1500otherspeciesofplants.Therearelessthan750speciesoftreesinallNorthAmerica.OnetreeinPeruwasfoundtohave43differentspeciesofantsatotalthatequalsthenumberofantspeciesoftheU.K.,Biodiversity,Biodiversity,ScientistshaveabetterunderstandingofthenumberofstarsthantheyhaveofthenumberofspeciesthereareonEarth.Estimatesvaryfrom2-100millionspecieswiththebestestimateof10million.1.4millionhavebeennamed.1/5ofallbirdsarefoundintheAmazon.,Biodiversity,Lessthan1%ofplantspecieshavebeenstudiedforpossibleuses.121prescriptiondrugscurrentlysoldworldwidecomefromplantsources.U.S.NationalCancerCenterhaveidentified3000plantsthatareactiveagainstcancercells.70%arefoundintheRainforest,and25%areONLYfoundintheRainforest.,Biodiversity,WatchpartofPlanetEarths“Jungles”Listsomeexamplesofuniquefauna(animal)diversity.Listsomeexamplesofuniqueflora(plant)diversity.TimeLapsephotographyshowsplantgrowthinan“open”area.WhyistheRainforestsoproductive?,Food,Atleast3000fruitsarefoundintherainforests;oftheseonly200arenowinuseintheWesternWorld.TheIndiansoftherainforestuseover2,000.,Food,80%ofthedevelopedworldsdietoriginatedinthetropicalrainforestavocados,coconuts,figs,oranges,lemons,grapefruit,bananas,guavas,pineapples,mangosandtomatoes;vegetablesincludingcorn,potatoes,rice,wintersquashandyams;spiceslikeblackpepper,cayenne,chocolate,cinnamon,cloves,ginger,sugarcane,tumeric,coffeeandvanillaandnutsincludingBrazilnutsandcashews.,IndigenousPeople,TherewereanestimatedtenmillionIndianslivingintheAmazonianRainforestfivecenturiesago.Todaytherearelessthan200,000.InBrazilalone,Europeancolonistshavedestroyedmorethan90indigenoustribessincethe1900s.Withthemhavegonecenturiesofaccumulatedknowledgeofthemedicinalvalueofrainforestspecies.,RainforestLoss,1-11/2acresofrainforestarelosteverysecond.Thats1footballfield/s(1800/hr,43,200/day).Someestimatessaythatwearelosing137plant,animalandinsectspecieseverysingledayduetorainforestdeforestation.Thatequatesto50,000speciesayear.,RainforestLoss,Massivedeforestationcauses;-airandwaterpollution-soilerosion-releaseofcarbondioxide-lossofindigenouscultures-lossofbiodiversityandspecies,Someestimatesarethat1.5footballfields(1.5acres)ofRainforestarelostev