ASME射线检测程序

Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：1 of 22Radiographic Testing Procedure射 线 检 测 程 序Prepared by Date _ 编 制： 日期： Approved by _Date _ 批 准： 日期： Accepted by _Date _ 认 可： 日期：Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：2 of 221.0Scope 范围1.1This procedure defines the requirements of radiographic examination of pressure vessels and other components manufactured in according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V and Section ，B31.1and VIII Div.1, latest applicable edition and addendum. Preparation and modifications to this procedure may only be made by a duly certified NDT level III. 本程序根据ASME规范的第V卷以及第卷，B31.1和第卷第分册的最新版本和附录规定了压力容器和其它生产零件射线检验的要求1.2 The product material and its thickness limits refer to applicable NDT instruction. 产品的材料和它的厚度限制参考适用的NDT的指导。2.0 Equipment and Materials 设备和材料: 2.1 Radiation Sources 放射源:2.1.1 Type XXH3005Z, XXG3005D and X-Ray units are used in JM. 型号XXH3005Z, XXG3005D 和 X-Ray组使用在JMManufacturer生产厂商Model型号Pipe Voltage管的电压KVPipe Current管的电流mAFocus measurement 焦点测量( mm)Max. thickness to be radiographic examined射线检验的最大厚度(mm)Dandong 丹东XXH3005Z17030051.06.040Dandong 丹东XXG3005D17030052.52.5402.1.2 Other equipment may be used provided equivalent or better results are obtained. 倘若等同或较好的结果被获得，可能适用其它设备。2.1.3 The equipment manufacturer or supplier shall supply source size verification, such as technical manuals, decay curves, or written statement documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot. 设备生产厂商或供货商应提供，例如技术手册、衰减曲线、或书面声明证明实际的最大透照尺寸或焦点尺寸。2.2 Films 胶片Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film. 射线照相胶片应采用工业X射线胶片。Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：3 of 221.1 Intensifying Screens 增感屏: Lead Screens, see table as follows铅增感屏 ，见下列表格:Energy of Radiation Source放射源的能量Front Screen Thickness (mm)前屏厚度Back Screen thickness (mm)后屏厚度80290kv 0.03 mm0.03 mm or 0.1 mm 2.4Lead Symbol B 铅符号“B”A lead symbol B with minimum dimension of 13mm in height and 1.5mm in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder during exposure.铅符号B，最小尺寸为高13mm和厚度1.5mm，应在曝光中，贴在每个底片夹后面。2.5Image Quality Indicator ( IQI) 象质计（IQI）The wire type IQI shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-747. 线型IQI应根据要求，或在SE-747中允许的要求来选择确定。2.6 Densitometer and Step Wedge Comparison Film黑度计和楔形阶梯校验片2.6.1Densitometer and a step wedge comparison film shall be used to judge the film density requirements. The density of step wedge, comparison films and densitometer calibration shall by comparison with a calibrated step wedge film traceable to a National Standard. 黑度计和楔形阶梯校验片应被用于判断胶片黑度要求。楔形阶梯校验片的黑度、比较胶片和黑度计的校准应与一个国家标准阶梯片相比较而得到。2.6.2Densitometers shall be calibrated by NDT level II or personnel at least every 90 days. Periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed at the beginning of each shift, after 8 hr of continuous use, or after change of apertures, whichever comes first. 黑度计应至少每隔90天由II级和级NDT人员校准。定期校验验证核查应在每一个班次的开始、连续使用8小时以后、或改变孔阑之后等任一种情况出现时进行。2.6.3Step wedge comparison films shall be verified by NDT level II or personnel by a calibrated densitometer prior to first use, but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded. 楔形阶梯校验片应由II级或级NDT人员在第一次使用前校准过的黑度计确认，但是每一步的实际阅读不必记录。Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：4 of 222.6.4 A national standard step tablet or a step wedge calibration film, traceable to national standard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least 1.0 to 4.0 shall be used. 应使用可追踪国家标准阶梯片的楔形阶梯校验片，并且至少应具有从1.0到4.0五个中性黑度阶梯。The step wedge calibration shall have been verified within the last year by comparison with a national standard step tablet unless, prior to first use, it was maintained in the original light-tight and waterproof sealed package as supplied by the manufacturer. Step wedge calibration films may be used without verification for one year upon opening, provided it is within the manufacturers stated shelf life.楔形阶梯校验片至少每年要与国家标准阶梯片进行比较来验证；除非在使用前，该片保存在由厂方提供的避光、防水的密闭包装盒内。3.0 Certification of Personnel 人员证书:Personnel Performing Radiographic Examinations shall be certified in accordance with Written Practice (JM/ASME-11) which meets the requirement of SNT-TC-1A.实施放射检验的人员应根据书面实践(JM/ASME-11)授予合格证，它满足SNT-TC-1A的要求。4.0 Time and Extent Of Examination 检验的时间和范围:The time and extent of examination shall be as specified on the RT Instruction.检验的时间和范围应按在RT的说明书上的规定。5.0 Technique of Radiographic Examination 放射检验的技术5.1 Surface Preparation 表面准备5.1.1 Surface irregularities or weld ripples on both inside (where accessible) and outside shall be removed so that such irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity.焊道波纹及内表面（可接近的）和外表面不规则应采用任何适当的方法清除,使任何不规则的状况不至于遮盖任何缺陷的影象，影响射线照相检验结果的评定。5.1.2 Finished surfaces of all butt welded joints shall be flush with the base material or shall have reasonably uniform crowns, with reinforcement not to exceed the following on each face.Section , Division 1 Component.对接焊缝的最终表面可与母料齐平或者圆滑过度，焊缝余高要求应符合下表：Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：5 of 22Material thickness材料厚度Maximum Reinforcement (mm)焊缝余高（mm）(mm)Category A & B Butt Welds类别A和B对接焊缝Other Welds其它焊接Less than 小于 2.42.40.82.4 to 4.8, incl.3.21.6Over 4.8 to 13, incl.超过4.8到134.02.4Over 13 to 25 , incl.4.82.4Over 25 to 51, incl.53.25.2 Film Processing 胶片处理5.2.1 Manual processor shall be used to develop the films.手动处理机应被使用洗印胶片。5.2.2 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes which might discontinuity in the area of interest.所有射线照片都应远离机械的、化学的、或其它污迹，它们可能在评定区域形成不连续现象。5.3 Radiographic Density 底片的黑度5.3.1 Density Limitation 黑度限制The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source. For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings.透过线型象质计相应编号线的邻近区域及受检区域底片黑度在使用X射线照相并作单片评定时的最小黑度分别为1.8，在多片透照时，单片观察每张底片黑度最小可为1.3；所有最大黑度为4.0。各黑度计黑度读数间的波动，允许有0.05的黑度公差。Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：6 of 225.3.2Density Variation 黑度的变化If wire-type IQI are used, the density of the radiograph shall not varies -15% to + 30% of density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI. When the film density varies more than -15% to 30%，then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in Para.5.3.1.如果评定区域任何地方的底片黑度变化比透过线型象质计相应编号线邻近区域的黑度小于-15%或大于+30%，则应在每个黑度超差区还应再设一个象质计，并重新透照。在计算黑度允许的变化范围时，可以在最接近5.3.1节所规定的黑度范围波动0.1。5.4Film Identification 胶片Permanent identifications on the radiograph shall not obscure the area of interest. Permanent identifications shall be parallel marked 5mm away from the weld.在射线照片上的持久性标记不应使评定区域变得模糊。应位于距焊缝5mm处平行地放置持久性标记。Figure -15.4.1 Identification marks from left to right in sequence on the top half section are as follows, 在最上的半截面，识别标识，按序从左到右如下，JS: stands for JM A0701：stands for product No.JS：代表JM A0701：代表产品编号5.4.2 Identification marks from left to right on the bottom half section are as follows, Y, M, D stand for radiographic examined year, month and date, T stands for plate thickness, Rx special notes stand for repair weld times (Rx), (K) for increase examination percentage. 在最底部的半截面，识别标识，按序从左到右如下， Y、M、D代表射线检验的年、月、日，T代表钢板的厚度，Rx代表维修焊接修理的特殊注解（Rx），（K）对于增加检验的百分比。5.5 Location Markers 场所标志5.5.1 The position of the location markers shall be permanently marked on the surface of the part. Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：7 of 22 场所标志的位置应在部件的表面上永久地保持。5.5.2 “” Superposition mark (the interest area mark if it is not 100% radiographed). shall be 15mm away from both sides of the film。 “” 重叠标志（评定区域标志如果不是100%的被放射）应远离胶片两边的15mm。5.5.3 Central section center location markers, center identification shall be marked in the 1/2 of each film. (exclude 100% center radiographed or continuous films exposed one time) 中心标识，中心标识应在每个胶片的1/2处的地方标识。（除了100%放射中心或暴露一次的持续胶片）5.5.4 Weld symbol: A stands for longitudinal weld, B stands for circumferential weld; No. stands for the sequence number of each film. 焊缝符号：A代表纵向焊缝、B代表环形焊缝；No. 代表每张胶片的序列号。5.5.5 Verification of coverage of the placing of the location markers shall be in accordance with Figure 1. Location markers may be placed on both the surfaces to facilitate repair locations. 区域标志的放置的确认应根据数字1。区域标识应被放在两个表面上以使维修区域容易。5.6 Selection of Energy of Radiation 选择放射的能量5.6.1 On the premise of fully penetration on the coupon, take the smaller value of kV to improve the contrast and sharpness of the film and to improve the good detection on small defects 在试棒上的完全渗透较小值得kV以提高胶片的对比度和清晰度，和提高在小缺陷上的探测。5.6.2 The radiation energy employed for any radiographic technique shall achieve the density and IQI image requirements of this Article. 对任何放射技术使用的射线的能量应满足黑度和本章的IQI影像的要求。5.7Geometric Unsharpness (Ug) 几何不清晰度5.7.1Source of radiation to film distance shall be selected to satisfactory Ug with reasonable exposure time. 射线源到胶片的间距应被选择，经过合理的曝光时间以满足几何不清晰度（Ug）。5.7.2 Geometric Unsharpness Limitations 几何不清晰度Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：8 of 22Material thickness材料厚度Maximum Ug Ug最大值 英寸Inin2500.020 0.51Note: Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.注释：材料厚度是指象质计（IQI）放置处的厚度。5.7.3 Geometric unsharpness may be calculated from the following equation 几何不清晰度应从以下等式计算出来Ug = F * d/ DUg = Geometric unsharpness几何不清晰度F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed. 射线源尺寸：射线源的最大放射尺寸（或有效焦点）垂直于板，从焊缝或被放射的物体到间距D，。D = Distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed. (in.) D=射线源到源侧工件或焊缝的表面间距（in.）d = Distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film. (Max.)d=源侧焊缝或工件表面到胶片的间距（最大）Note: For Double Wall radiography, with double wall viewing, d shall be the outside diameter of the pipe or tube at weld diameter of the pipe or tube at weld location, plus any space between weld and film.注意：对于双壁的放射线，带有双面强的检视，d应管的外径位于焊接区域的管的焊接直径，加上在焊缝和胶片的任何空间。5.8IQI 象质计5.8.1The radiographic technique shall be sufficiently sensitive to reveal the IQI image, the specified wire diameter and the identifying numbers. 放射技术应对指定象质计的规定的线的直径和识别编号足够的灵敏度。5.8.2IQI Selection IQI选择Per Table 5.8.2. 表5.8.2Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：9 of 22TABLE 5.8.2 表5.8.2Material Thickness, Wire-Type IQI Dia.材料厚度，线型 IQI DiaNominal Single-wall Matl Thk. Rang (mm)公称单壁材料厚度范围Matl Thk Rang (mm)Source Side射线源侧Film Side胶片侧Wire Dia.(mm)线直径Wire Dia.(mm)线直径6.40.200.166.4-9.50.250.209.5-12.70.330.2512.7-19.00.410.3319.0-25.40.510.4125.4-38.10.640.5138.1-50.80.810.64Wire IQI Designation, Wire Dia., and Wire Identity线 IQI 显示、线的直径和线的标识Set A 套 ASet B 套 BWire Diameter in. (mm) 线的直径in.Wire Identity 线的标识Wire Diameter in. (mm) 线的直径in. Wire Identity 线的标识0.0032 (0.08) 10.010 (0.25) 60.004 (0.10) 2 0.013 (0.33) 70.005 (0.13) 3 0.016 (0.41) 80.0063 (0.16) 4 0.020 (0.51) 9 0.008 (0.20) 5 0.025 (0.64) 100.010 (0.25) 6 0.032 (0.81) 115.8.3 For welds with reinforcements. The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single-wall thickness plus the estimated reinforcement not to exceed those permitted by Para. 5.1.2 Tianjin PetroChina Modern Pertoleum Equipment Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：10of 225.8.4 (if not removed). Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld or reinforcement thickness in IQI selection.带有加固的焊缝，象质计（IQI）放置处的厚度是公称单面厚度加估计的加固厚度，它不超过5.1.2（如果不被移除）允许的范围。垫环或垫条没有被考虑为焊接的部件或在IQI挑选上的加固的厚度。For welds without reinforcements. The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single-wall thickness. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld or reinforcement thickness in IQI selection. 对于没有加固的焊接。象质计（IQI）放置处的厚度是工程单面壁的厚度。垫环或垫条没有被考虑为焊接的部件或是IQI挑选的加固的厚度。5.8.4 Requirements and Placement of film, IQI and marker 要求和胶片，IQI和标志的放置5.8.4.1 FilmThe type and trade mark should meet the requirements of this procedure and instruction. 胶片类型和商标标识应满足本程序和说明的要求。The film is storage in a lightproof and sealed cassette. 胶片储存在防光的和密封的盒子。5.8.4.2 MarkerMarker shall be placed on the source side on the of the part being radiographed Their locations shall be permanently marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted. Only in the special conditions that Markers display by drawings. The Marker on the film, indicating the area of interest on parts being radiographed (effective film length, the length of important evaluation area) is acquired.标志标志应放在放射源侧，在被放射部件上。当被允许时，它们的区域标记应永远在被放射的部件上。仅在特殊的条件下，标志才以图识展示。要求在胶片上标识被放射部件上的评估区域。（有效的胶片长度，重要的评估区域的长度）Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：11 of 22Location Markers shall be placed as follow： 特定区域的标识应被如下放置：Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：12of 22 (a) Source-Side Markers. 射线源侧的标志(1) Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components; 扁平的零件或在圆柱的或圆锥的零件上的纵缝。(2) Curved or spherical component whose concave side is toward the source and when the“source-to-material” distance (focus F1) is greater than the inside radius; 曲线或球形的零件，它的凹面是朝着射线源或当和“由射线源到材料”的间距（聚焦 F1）大于零件的内径。(3) Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.曲线或球形的零件，它的凸起边是朝着射线源。(b) Film Side Markers 胶片侧标识Location marker shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-to-material” distance(focus F1) is greater than the inside radius. 区域标识应被放在胶片侧，当放射无论是曲线的或半球的零件，它的凹面朝着射线源，和“由射线源到材料”的间距（聚焦 F1）大于零件的内径。(c) Either Side Markers 任意侧的标志Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing either concave side or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the“source-to-material” distance (focus F1) equals the inside radius of the component. 区域标志可以放在射线源侧或胶片侧，当放射在凹边或球形的零件，它的凹边是朝着射线源和“由射线源到材料”的间距（聚焦 F1）等于零件的内径。5.8.4.3 Placement of IQI IQI的放置a) Source Side IQI. The IQI (s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined. If the wire type IQI (s) are used, they should be put on the weld surface near the end of radiographic effective areas. The wires should be put across the weld and be perpendicular to the direction of the weld with the thinner wires at the outside. The condition described on the below is an exception.射线源侧IQI。IQI应放置在部件的射线源侧被检验。如果线型IQI被使用，他们应被放在焊缝表面临近放射有效区域的边缘上。线应穿过焊缝，较细线位于外部，且与焊缝垂直。Zhenjiang JinMen Industrial Co., LtdASME ProceduresJM/ASME-09Radiographic Testing ProcedureRev. No.: 0.0Page：13 of 22b) Film Side IQI (s).Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI (s) on the source side, it shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. Identification number (s) shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s). The identification number(s) and the lead letter F shall not mask the area of interest. For the condition described in (1) or (2) below, the identification numbers and lead letter F may be placed in the area of interest. Others are as same as 5.8.4 a).胶片侧IQI 不应把IQI放在射线源侧，它应被放在胶片侧接触到被检验的零件上。标识编号应放在临近或在IQI上。对于在（1）或（2）下面规定的条件，标识编号和首字母可被放在评定区域。其它同5.8.4 a).(1) When geometric configuration makes it impractical to place the IQI (s) as out lined in the above.当由于几何结构，不可能将IQI放在上述位置上。(2) When the weld metal is not radiographiclly similar to the base material.从X光片上看，当焊缝金属与母材相同时。c) IQI Location for Materials Other Than Welds. The IQI(s) with the IQI identification number(s), and the lead letter F, if used, may be placed in the area of interest.IQI区域对于材料除了焊材外，IQI，带有IQI标识编号和首字母“”，如果使用，可以放在评定区域。d)