Language and culture.ppt

Languageandculture,董慧莹刘曙光,Introduction,Languageisrelatedtocognition;cognitioninturnisrelatedtotheculturalsettingthatisparticulartothelanguage.,ScopebroadsensenarrowsensematerialContentspiritual,Broadsense,Culture,inabroadsense,meansintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatisbotharesultofandintegraltothehumancapacityforlearningandtransmittingknowledgetosucceedinggenerations.Itpermeates（渗透）everyaspectofhumanlife.E.g.文化语言，信仰，民俗，思想,建筑,Narrowsense,Culturemayrefertoalocalorspecificpractice,beliefsorcustoms,whichcanbemanifestedinthefolkculture,enterprisecultureorfoodculture,etc.,liondance,Material&spiritual,Concrete,substantialandobservable“老干妈”豆豉，长城Theproductofmind,abstract,implicit,andhidden昆曲，端午节，儒教，,Therelationshipbetw.language&culture,Thesamewordmaystirupdifferentassociationsinpeopleunderdifferentculturalbackground.Languageexpressesculturalreality(文化现实）,reflectsthepeoplesattitudes,beliefs,worldoutlooks,etc.Theculturebothemancipates（解放）andconstrains（限制）peoplesocially,historicallyandmetaphorically.Culturealsoaffectsitspeoplesimaginationorcommondreamswhicharemediated（斡旋、调停）throughthelanguageandreflectedintheirlife.e.g.AmericandreambyLincolnandFranklinTosumup,data:吃豆腐（tofu）inChinavs.Koreaandothercountries据说，旧时豆腐店多为夫妻店，丈夫半夜起来磨豆腐，白天由妻子卖豆腐，豆腐店老板娘以豆腐为常食，自然生得细皮嫩肉，同时为招徕顾客未免有卖弄风情之举，引得周围男人以“吃豆腐”为名到豆腐店与老板娘调情，且动手动脚。于是，吃醋的老婆们不满意了，以“你今天又去吃豆腐了？”来训斥丈夫。以后，“吃豆腐”便成了男人轻薄女人的代名词。,Situation:anewcomer(withhisculture)+newdifferentcommunityBedifferentandbetrayhimselfeasilyA:Youareverybeautiful.B:where,where.A:Everywhere.Languageisasymbolofculturalreality.,Sociallydiscoursecommunities(论语社区）discourseaccents(论语口音）Historicallylanguageisnotculture-free.,Tosumup,Cultureisawidersystemwhichcompletelyincludeslanguageasasubsystem.Languageexpressesandembodiesculturalreality.Language,asasystemofspokenandwrittensymbolsusedbypeople,reflectsandaffectsacultureswayofthinking,Sapir-WhorfHypothesis,Proclaimsthatthestructureofthelanguagepeoplehabituallyuseinfluencesthewaytheythinkandbehave.(linguisticsrelativity)Astrongversion:languagepatternsdeterminepeoplesthinkingandbehaviors.Aweakversion:peoplesthinkingandbehaviorsdeterminelanguagepatterns.,Peopletendtosortoutanddistinguishexperiencesdifferentlyaccordingtothesemanticcategoriesprovidedbytheirdifferentcodesintheirculture.Uncle(nuclearfamily)叔叔，伯父，舅舅，姨丈（big/extendfamily),SWHhasshedtwoimportantinsights,Thereisnowadaysrecognitionthatlanguage,ascode,reflectsculturalpreoccupationsandconstrainsthewaypeoplethink.MorethaninWhorfsdays,however,werecognizehowimportantcontextisincomplementingthemeaningsencodedinthelanguage.,Sapir-WhorfConclusion,由萨丕尔沃尔夫假设的这种强假设可以得出这样的结论：根本没有真正的翻译，学习者也不可能学会另一种文化区的语言，除非他抛弃了他自己的思维模式，并习得说目的语的本族语者的思维模式。,Argumentsagainstthehypothesis,第二语言习得：如果不同语言有不同的概念体系，那么说某种语言的人就会因为没有所需要的概念体系而无法学会另一种语言。然而，由于人们可以学会完全不同的语言，因而这些语言不应该有不同的概念体系。语言与世界观：语言体系并不一定能影响一个人对世界的看法。一方面，说同一