lesson-5-雅思小作文-柱状图.ppt

柱状图BarChart,柱状图BarChart,柱形图的功能：1.通常用于显示某一项目在某几个特定的时间段内的数据变化特征。2.比较几个项目在某几个特定的时间段内的差异。,柱状图BarChart,柱形统计图的特点：图形显示的比较清晰、直观，并能同时对比各个项目在某特定时间点上的差异。但对于单个项目来说，因各个时间段的变化不是连续的，所以不能反映出项目的变化的明显差异及变化规律。形式多样：从同一组项目中的柱子数量可分为单柱与多柱,垂直与水平,柱形图,垂直直方图(verticalhistogram).用长条显示数据的值,既可以展示数值变化,又可用与多个数据之间的比较.但由于柱形图反映的各个数据之间没有连接点,因此在反映变动趋势上不如曲线图有效.,条形图,水平直方图(horizontalhistogram).和柱形图相似,仅是柱形图的90度旋转.描述不同类别之间的差别情况,突出数值的比较,而淡化某项数值变化.,形式多样：从柱子的方向，可为柱形图和条形图,柱状图BarChart,单柱子Onlyoneitem写作思路：如果以时间为横轴的话，就写变动趋势（写法同线形图）,柱状图BarChart,单柱子Onlyoneitem写作思路：如果是以组为横轴，则进行数据对比（写法同饼状图）。,柱状图BarChart,多柱子Morethanoneitems写作思路：数据少比如每个组里就两个柱子，可以全写；如果数据比较多，比如每个组里有五个柱子，那就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对就对了。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,描写柱状图的要点,如何观察图表?首先要看清各个柱子所代表的项目及数值意义;找出最大和最小的数据，比较柱子与柱子之间的落差，突出落差的极值;数据分成几组?表明趋势或对比结果1.数据对象少且横轴为时间轴时,对不同时间段内的同一信息进行历时比较;2.数据对象很多时,对多个数据组进行整体比较;如何比较?一个段落说明一种比较内容；比较要按一定的思路来组织,思路1对不同数据进行比较,突出极值.(同单线图),思路2(同多线图),1.项目少,且时间界限明确时,对不同时间段内的同一信息进行比较.(如有必要强调同一数据组内部的差异),思路3,2.数据对象很多时,先对多个数据组进行整体比较,然后强调同一项目数值变化及差异.,Thegraphbelowshowsthefiguresforimprisonmentinfivecountriesbetween1930and1980.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.,先整个比较五个国家的imprisonment；再分析某一个国家的不同年份的imprisonment的数值变动。,Sample1,ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.,思路：将柱状图当成线形图来写；连接极值，成四条线,进行分类：增长的car；减少的bus波动的traintube,P1,ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatternsincommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and2000.Theyhaddifferentchangesituations.,thetask,Yourwriting:Introductionsentenceandoverviewsentence,P2,Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrosefromjustunder20%in1960toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in2000.,body:trains,P3,Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,fallingfromaround27%ofcommutersin1960to22%in1980,butclimbingbacktoreach25%by2000.,body:tube,P4,Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadilyfromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by2000,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960to27%in1980andonly15%in2000.,body:carandbus,P5,Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-2000,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin2000.,Yourwriting:conclusion,Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.,Sample2,分组法,低学历（skilledvocationaldiploma）女低于男中学历（undergraduatediploma,Bachelorsdegree）女高于男，而且Bachelorsdegree的两者数值基本相等。高学历（postgraduatediploma,mastersdegree）女低于男,P1,Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.Thechartgivesinformationaboutpost-schoolqualificationsintermsofthedifferentlevelsoffurthereducationreachedbymenandwomeninAustraliain1999.,thetask,Yourwriting:Introductionsentence,P2,Fromthechart,wecanseeimmediatelythatthereweresubstantialdifferencesintheproportionofmenandwomenatdifferentlevels.,Yourwriting:overviewsentence,P3,Thebiggestgenderdifferenceisatthelowestpost-schoollevel,where90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.Bycontrast,morewomenheldundergraduatediplomas(70%)andfewerwomenreacheddegreelevel(55%).,Yourwriting:Lowerlevel,P4,Atthehigherlevelsofeducation,menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%,respectively),andalsoconstituted60%ofMastersgraduates.,Yourwriting:Higherlevel,=overtake/exceed/outweigh/morethan,P5,Thuswecanseethatmorementhanwomenholdqualificationsatthelowerandhigherlevelsofeducation,whilemorewomenreachunde