严肃换届纪律及干部选拔任用政策法规...

Chapter 9 Water Resources,The Hoover Dam on Colorado River,The Lake Mead is 36 m lower in 2007 compared with that in 1983,Middle East: Jordan riverA security issue South AsiaIndia and Bangladesh over Gangs RiverIndia and Nepal over Mahakali RiverMekong River Basin: China, Laos, Cambodia, Viet NamUSWestern US: California/Nevada over Colorado River water.NC/SC: over water use from Catawba/Yadkin Rivers. SC Attorney General filed a lawsuit in 2007 NC in US Supreme Court to stop a NC plan to pump 10 million gallons a day by two NC cities. Both Catawba and Yadkin rivers flow into SC.,Water Resources Conflicts,The Hydrologic CycleSoil-Water-Budget ConceptGroundwater ResourcesOur Water Supply,Water Resources,Hydrologic Cycle Model,Figure 9.1,Round and round as it goes, the rivers never stop flowing and the oceans never overflow.,The flow of water linked the atmosphere, ocean, land, and living things through exchanges of energy and matter.,Earths Water and the Hydrologic Cycle,Surface Water,Figure 9.2,EvaporationTranspirationRunoffInfiltrationPercolationWater Table,Transpiration/Photosynthesis,Figure 9.2,Stomata,Transpiration is a biophysical process, plants control transpiration rate through regulating the aperture of a stoma.When there is plenty of water supply during sunny condition, stomata open wide to absorb CO2, in the meantime, losing water.During the nighttime, there is no light for PSN, plants shut their stomata to prevent water loss.When there is a shortage of water, plants shut their stomata to prevent physiological drought,Why Is There a Water Table?,The Bucket Model,Figure 9.3,Principle: Mass conservation,Bucket volume=Maximum amount of water soil can hold,S,P,T,E,R,The Soil-Water Balance Equation,Figure 9.3,P: Precipitation which can in various forms such as rain, snow, hail, a complete list in Table 9.1.ET: evapotranspiration (evaporation + transpiration)R