Henry-David-Thoreau.5ppt.ppt

HenryDavidThoreau,ThoreauBornJuly12,1817inConcord,Mass.FamilysreligiousbackgroundWenttoHarvardin1833(16yearsold)Becameateacher(1837)Openedaprivateschool(1838-41),1841,EmersoninvitedThoreautobehishandyman.Freeroomandboard.editingTheDial1845-47LivedatWaldenPond.1846Spentanightinjailforrefusingtopayapolltax(人头税）1849AWeekontheConcord&MerrimackRivers(“CivilDisobedience”)publishedsameyear,Diedin1862oftuberculosisatage44.Onhisdeathbed,heexpressednoregretsforthelifehehadlived.Auntaskedhim,“HaveyoumadeyourpeacewithGod?”Hisreply:“Weneverquarreled.”,Thoreaussignificance,Americasgreatestnaturewriter.Hisbasicconcernwasnotwithnatureitselfbutwithmansplaceinnature.Waldenisaneloquentaccountofhisexperimentinnear-solitarylivingincloseharmonywithnature.itisalsoanexpressionofhistranscendentalist,itphilosophy,Thoreau,我走入林中，因为想从容地生活。我希望可以生活得深邃并领悟生命的精髓，摒除所有不属于生活的东西。当我即将辞世的时候，我不想发现自己从未真正生活过。,WaldenPondparkareawassavedfrombeingbuiltonbecauseofhiswritings.Over600,000visitorsannuallytoWaldenPond,Acopyoftheone-roomcabinneartheWaldenpondwhereThoreaulived.ThecottageisnotfarfromWaldenPond.,WaldenPondsummerandfall,Walden,“Idonotproposetowriteanodetodejection(depression),buttobragaslustilyasachanticleer公鸡inthemorning,standingonhisroost,ofonlytowakenupmyneighbor.”Foramanisrichinproportiontothenumberofthingswhichhecanaffordtoletalone,Walden,Morningstookhisbathinthepondandthenhoedinhisgarden.stormydaysorwintermorningshereadorwroteAfternoonsspentwanderingthroughtheConcordwoodsorboatingonitspondsandrivers.Eveningsdevotedtohisfriendswitheitheratriptothevillageorbyhavingafewguestsinhiscabin.,CivilDisobedience(1849),grewoutofanovernightstayinprison(1846)becauseofhisrefusaltopayapolltax(人头税）thatsupportedtheMexicanWar,whichtoThoreaurepresentedanefforttoextendslavery.Thoreausadvocacyofcivildisobedienceasameansfortheindividualtoprotestthoseactionsofhisgovernmentthatheconsidersunjust.,“CivilDisobedience”,Thoreauschiefpurposewastopersuadementoreturnagaintothesuperiorstandardofabsolutetruth.,Whenmorallawandgovernmentallawcomeintoconflict,CivilDisobedience”,Hehasbeeninfluentialworldwide.ItwasGandhisguidebookforhiscampaigntofreeIndiafromBritishrule.ItwasusedbyblacksforstrugglesforCivilRightsintheSouthMartinLutherKing,Jr.,Hisphilosophy:,emphasizedthedynamicecologyofthenaturalworld.hisquiet,one-manrevolutioninlivingatWaldenhasbecomeasymbolofthewilledintegrityofhumanbeings,theirinnerfreedom,andtheirabilitytobuildtheirownlives.,2Manaspartofnature,Thoreaucounterstheseparationofmanfromsocietybyconceivingofmanasapartofnature.Throughhislifeinthewoods,livingforthemostpartoffthefruitsofthelandandderivingintellectualstimulationfromplantsandanimals,Summaryoftheexcerpt,WhereILived,andWhatILivedFor,talksabouthowheonceconsideredbuyingtheHollowellfarmforhimselfbutthepurchasefellthrough.Instead,hecreatedanewexistenceforhimselfatWalden,wherehefoundjoyandfulfillmentinnature,trulyawakeninginhismorningsthere,whilemostofsocietyremainsperpetuallyasleep,livingmeanliveswhenthepossibilityofamuchbetterlifeispossible.Thekeytoachievingsuchalife,hesays,issimplicity.,ThemeofWalden1Theslumberingofmankindandneedforspiritualawakening:withoutconsideringthegreaterquestionsandmeaningofexistence.seekaspiritualawakening.2Manaspartofnature:3Thedestruc