高等岩石力学第78章PPT课件

.,1,第7章岩体(rockmass),.,2,7.1变形特性(deformability),.,3,.,4,7.2强度(strength),.,5,代入M-C准则,.,6,.,7,.,8,第8章岩体分级(rockmassclassification),.,9,8.1岩体分类(RMR)系统(rockmassratingsystem),完整岩石的单轴抗压强度(theuniaxialcompressivestrengthoftheintactrock);岩石质量指标(RQD);非连续面间距(Discontinuityspacing);非连续面情况(Conditionofdiscontinuitysurfaces);地下水条件(Groundwaterconditions);与工程结构相关的非连续面方向(Orientationofdiscontinuitiesrelativetotheengineeredstructure).,.,10,.,11,.,12,8.2Q系统(Q-system),岩石质量指标(RQD);非连续面组数(numberofdiscontinuitysets);最不利非连续面粗糙度(roughnessofthemostunfavourablediscontinuity);最弱非连续面蚀变或填充程度(degreeofalterationorfillingalongtheweakestdiscontinuity);裂隙水(waterinflow);地应力情况(stresscondition).,.,13,RQD=rockqualitydesignation;Jn=jointsetnumber(relatedtothenumberofdiscontinuitysets);Jr=jointroughnessnumber(relatedtotheroughnessofthediscontinuitysurfaces);Ja=jointalterationnumber(relatedtothedegreeofalterationorweatheringofthediscontinuitysurfaces);Jw=jointwaterreductionnumber(relatestopressuresandinflowratesofwaterwithinthediscontinuities),andSRF=stressreductionfactor(relatedtothepresenceofshearzones,stressconcentrationsandsqueezingandswellingrocks),.,14,RQD/Jn与岩体几何结构相关；Jr/Ja与岩块间的剪切强度相关；Jw/SRF是一个“环境因子”(environmentalfactor),它综合水压力和流动速率、剪应力区的存在、岩体挤压和膨胀，以及原位应力状态等各方面的影响。,.,15,.,16,.,17,.,18,8.3岩体分级系统的应用,RMR系统的评分值范围是0100，Q系统评分值范围是0.0011000，根据分级评分值可对岩体进行描述。两种分级法都是从估计隧道开挖所需支护的土木工程中来的，用于别的工程要慎重。以下两图为例说明两种方法定量评价岩体，估算隧道的“自稳时间”和支护需求。,.,19,.,20,.,21,.,22,Romana（1985）通过考虑以下因素对RMR值进行调整，将分级系统推广应用到边坡工程。F1与边坡和非连续面走向之间的平行度有关；F2与发生平面破坏的非连续面的倾角有关；F3与对比非连续面倾角和边坡倾角有关；F4与开挖方式有关。,.,23,.,24,8.4分级系统与岩体特性的关联(linksbetweentheclassificationsystemsandrockproper