English-Academic-Writing--第一章.ppt

EnglishAcademicWriting,Aboutthecontent,Thisbookconsistsofsixchapters.Eachchaptercomprisesthreepartswhichunfoldthecontentfromthreedifferentperspectives.Thefirstpartfocusesthemajorstepsofpaperwriting.Thesecondpartmainlytalksabouttherelevantissuesinpaperwriting.Thethirdpartisconcernedwiththedescriptionmethods.,TableofContent,ChapterOne:IntroductionChapterTwo:ResearchTopicChapterThree:DataCollectionandEvaluationChapterFour:WritingStyleChapterFive:PaperWritingChaptersix:Abstract,EnglishAcademicWriting,Chapter1:Introduction,EnglishAcademicWriting,Leadin:(1)Whydoyouengageinscientificresearch?(2)Whatarethetypes,thestructureandthecharacteristicsofacademicpaper?(3)Whatproceduresdowefollowinacademicwriting?(4)Whatdoesadefinitionmean?Whatdoesitusuallyconsistof?Pleaselisttwoorthreesimpleexamples.,ChapterOne:Introduction,PartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWritingPartTwo:ProceduresofAcademicWritingPartThree:DefinitionWriting,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,1.ReasonstoEngageinScientificResearchPersonalinteresttoexploretheworldSolvingpracticalproblemsCareerdevelopmentTechnologicaldevelopmentAcademicexchangesAcademicevaluationBeingforcedto,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,2.BasicTypesofAcademicPapersInaccordancewithacombinationofthecontent,target,methodsandotherfactors.ArgumentativepapersDescriptivepapersAcademicMeeting/ResearchReviewsBookReviews,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,ArgumentativePapersDefinition:Argumentativepapersillustratetheauthorsviewsoropinionsonanissuebydiscussionsordescriptions,etc.Theyemphasizereasoningandstrictlogic;thisnecessitatestheuseofconcepts,analysis,synthesis,judgment,logictoanalyzetheproblem,toreasonandargueinordertoclarifythepointofvieworreachaconclusion.Categories:(1)argumentativepaper(2)refutationpaper,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,DescriptivePapersDefinition:Descriptivepapersarealsoknownasexpositorypapers,whicharemainlyusedtodescribeanaturalphenomenonorasocialphenomenon.E.g.:thecausesandeffectsofcertainideascanbetheobjectofanalysis,descriptionandexplanation.Majortypes:(1)experimentalreports(2)investigationreports,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,AcademicMeeting/ResearchReviewsReviewpapersincludeacademicconference,seminarandresearchreviews.Thereviewpapersexploredinthisbookrefertotheresearchreviewsofpublishedliterature.Definition:Reviewpapersmainlysummarizetheresultsofresearchonacertaintopic,inwhichtheauthorscanaddtheirownpresentationsandcommentsandexpresstheirpersonalviews.Thefundamentalpurposeistointroducethelatestdevelopmentsindisciplinesandprovidethelatestacademicinformationandsystemicacademicmaterials,thushavingtheirownacademicvalue.Types:1.Intermsofspan:(1)synchronicreview(2)diachronicreview2.Inaccordancewithscope:(1)thematicreviews(2)disciplinereviews.,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,BookReviewsDefinition:Bookreviewsintroducethemaincontentandevaluatethebooksstrengthsandweakness.Types:(1)introductorybookreviews(2)narrative-and-comment-balancedbookreview(3)comment-focusedbookreviews,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,3.Structureofanacademicpaper(1).(InaccordancewiththeModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)format),ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,(2)(IntermsofpaperpublishedinChinaorabroad),ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,4.CharacteristicsofAcademicWriting(1).FeaturesonthelexicallevelTerminologyNominalizationAbbreviationUseofsingleverbs(2).FeaturesonthesyntacticallevelLongcomplexsentenceSimple-presenttensePassivevoiceNon-finiteverbs,“atom,fungus”,“radar”and“AIDS”.,“investigate”for“lookinto”,“eliminate”for“getridof”f”.,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,5.DifferencesBetweenEnglishandChineseAcademicPaper,ChapterOnePartOne:IntroductiontoAcademicWriting,6.DistinctionBetweenEnglishPapersontheArtsandScience,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartTwo:ProceduresforAcademicWriting,Procedures:Step1:ChoiceofTopicStep2:CollectionandEvaluationofDataStep3:DevelopmentofOutlineStep4:WritingStep5:Revision,EditingandReferencesStep6:PreparationofAbstractStep7:PreparationofFinalDetails,Gotomain,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,1.Introduction:Adefinitionisthemeaningofawordorphrase.E.g.:“Art”isavisualobjectorexperienceconsciouslycreatedasanexpressionofskillorimagination.,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,2.StructureofaDefinitionAdefinitionconsistsofthreeelements:(1)thetermitself,(2)thecategorythetermbelongsto,(3)thefeaturesoftheterm.Traditionally,adefinitionconsistsofthegenus(thefamily)ofthingtowhichthedefinedthingbelongs,andthedifferentia(thedistinguishingfeaturewhichmarksitofffromothermembersofthesamefamily).(Wikipedia,2009).E.g.:“Triangle”isdefinedas“aplanefigure(genus)boundedbythreestraightsides(differentia).”,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,3.CriteriaofaGoodDefinition1.Followrulesthathavetraditionallybeengivenfordefinition.2.Statetheessentialattributesofthatwhichisdefined.3.Giveexamplesofusage.4.Avoidcircularity.5.Mustbeneithertoobroadortoonarrownorleaveoutanyappropriateinformation,norincludethatwhichdoesnottrulyapply.6.Mustnotbeobscure.7.Shouldnotbestatedinthenegativewhenitcanbestatedpositively.E.g.:“Wisdom”shouldnotbedefinedas“absenceoffolly”.,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,Activity1:Doyouthinkthefollowingdefinitionsaregoodones?(1)Agameisasport.(2)Wisdomistheabsenceoffolly.(3)Blindnessistheabsenceofsightinacreaturethatisnormallysighted.(4)Murderisanintended,unlawfulandcriminalactofonehumankillinganotherhumanwithoutprovocationorjustification.,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,Key:(1)Agameisanactivityorasportwithrulesinwhichpeopleorteamscompeteagainsteachother.(2)Wisdomistheabilitytomakesensibledecisionsandgivegoodadvicebecauseoftheexperienceandknowledgethatyouhave.(3)Good.(4)Good.,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,4.TheDefinitionEssayEverett(2004)putsforwardthefollowingguidelinesforwritingadefinitionessay:(1).Makeyouressaypersonal,amusing,vigorous,stimulating,andmemorable.(2).Chooseagenerictopicratherthanaspecifictopic.,ChapterOnePartthree:DefinitionWriting,5.TechniquesforDefinitionEssaysSupplementaryTechniquesusedtoclarifythetopicinquestions(Everett,2004):AnalysisClassification